In 1 1 century BC, the Hebrew ancestors of Jews came to Palestine. Later, due to the invasion of the Roman Empire, Jews were expelled from the region. In the following 1000 years, this area became the permanent residence of Arabs. Jews who fled to western Europe were oppressed, and the Zionist movement rose at the end of 19, and both Jews and Arabs wanted to establish a country here. 1947165438+10 In October, the United Nations under the control of the United States passed a resolution to "partition" the Palestinian area and establish a Jewish state and an Arab state. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Israel occupied a large area of Palestinian territory through four Middle East wars. Since then, conflicts between the two sides have continued, and years of war have caused heavy losses to both Palestine and Israel. In the 1990s, with the efforts of all parties, the Balkan peace process was accelerated. However, due to deep grievances, ethnic conflicts, territorial disputes and religious disputes, and the intervention of superpowers, the problem has not been solved for a long time. After Sharon came to power, the Balkan conflict escalated obviously, and the Middle East peace issue was once again deadlocked.
Thematic analysis
From geographical analysis:
1. This place is located in the land of "five seas and three continents" and its geographical position is important.
2. There is the largest oil storage area in the world, accounting for more than half of the world's total reserves, with the characteristics of large reserves, shallow burial, more oil production and good oil quality.
3. The important position, abundant oil and huge economic benefits have become the focus of competition among world powers.
4. The area is controlled by the subtropical high belt, with little precipitation and extremely scarce water resources. At present, 80% of the fresh water resources in the West Bank are controlled and consumed by Israelis, which leads to the shortage of water for Palestinians' living and production. The competition for water resources has become one of the important reasons for the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
From the analysis of history discipline:
1. The Middle East issue is the evil result of the long-term colonial rule of capitalist countries. For more than 1000 years before the First World War, the Palestinian area has been the long-term residence of Arabs. After World War I, Britain gained the "mandated sovereignty" in this region, supported the Zionist movement, and Jews from all over the world moved to Palestine in succession.
2. The Middle East issue is the product of power politics of big countries. After World War II, the United Nations, controlled by the United States and the Soviet Union, adopted a resolution to "divide" the Palestinian region and established a Jewish state and an Arab state. From 65438 to 0948, the Jewish state of Israel was established, while the Arab state of Palestine was not established for a long time. With the hegemonic support and even direct participation of western powers such as Britain, France and the United States, Israel launched four wars in the Middle East, encroaching on a large area of land in Palestine, Jordan, Egypt and Syria, further aggravating religious and ethnic conflicts and keeping the Middle East in turmoil for a long time, which not only brought huge losses to local people, but also did harm to world peace, which was not in line with the two major themes of world peace and development today. From a political point of view:
1. Peace has become the theme of today's world, but the world is not peaceful. Ethnic conflicts, territorial disputes and religious disputes have triggered conflicts in some areas, seriously threatening world peace and security.
Hegemonism and power politics are the main obstacles that threaten world peace. The emergence of the Middle East issue and its delay in solving it are mainly the result of the intervention of the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, in order to compete for control of the region. Because the United States has long been partial to Israel, it has fueled Israel's arrogance of aggression and expansion and deepened the contradiction between Israel and Arab countries. Although there have been signs of relaxation in recent years, it is very difficult to truly achieve peace.
3. The handling of ethnic and religious issues has an important impact on the political stability and unity of the country. An important reason for the turmoil in the Middle East is the intensification of religious disputes and ethnic contradictions.
Case analysis
Example: Oil is called "industrial blood". Every oil crisis will lead to inflation and economic recession in western industrial countries, which will lead to a worldwide economic crisis. The rise in international oil prices in 2000 led to the intensification of inflation in Europe and America, which cast a shadow over the rapidly developing world economy. Answer the following questions accordingly:
(1) Oil was deposited in lakes and oceans during geological periods, enriched by complex geological processes, and most of it was formed in lake basins and continental shelves for generations. The main oil producers in West Asia are Iran, Japan and Saudi Arabia.
(2) In history, the major oil-producing countries in this region have greatly raised oil prices, and the Islamic Revolution and political turmoil have twice led to the "oil crisis". Briefly describe the influence of two oil crises.
(3) Since 2000, the world oil price has been rising all the way, from less than 10 USD per barrel to more than 40 USD. According to a report of the International Energy Agency, global oil prices will remain high. Excessive oil prices have aroused widespread concern in the international community. Please explain what impact high oil prices will have on the world economy.
Analysis: Taking the most important conventional energy oil as the breakthrough point, this question comprehensively examines the origin, distribution and important influence of oil on world economic development, and examines the candidates' memory ability of geographical knowledge and their understanding and application ability of historical and political knowledge. When answering question (2), students often put aside the world economic crisis caused by the two oil price rises in the Middle East, without combining the specific knowledge of textbooks. To answer question (3), students often only consider the impact on oil importing countries, but not on oil exporting countries, and often stay in economic knowledge, without paying attention to rising to the height of the new international economic order to understand the problem.
(1) New Iraq and Kuwait were born in lower biological organic matter.
(2) Two oil crises triggered economic crises in the early 1970s and the late 1970s respectively; It ended the "golden age" of the capitalist world for more than 20 years, and there was a "stagflation" situation in which economic development was slow, stagnation and inflation coexisted.
(3) As a highly related product, the high price of petroleum will lead to the increase of production cost and price of related products. Especially in the oil-consuming countries that rely on imports, inflation will occur and the international competitiveness of their products will also decline. For oil exporting countries, it can improve economic benefits, protect non-renewable resources, be conducive to long-term development, strive for a favorable international trade position, and establish a new international economic order.
The Middle East has an important geographical position and is known as "the land of five seas and three continents". The Middle East is the junction of Asia, Europe and Africa, and it is located in the center of the old hemisphere continent. The Middle East is surrounded by Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Sea, Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf, which greatly facilitates the contact between the Middle East and the rest of the world. The Bosporus Strait, the Da Daniil Strait, the Suez Canal, the Mande Strait and the the Strait of Hormuz, which connect the above-mentioned sea areas, are important international waterways and important gateways for guarding these waterways. With its moderate geographical position and close to the ocean, the Middle East has become the link and crossroads between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, the East and the West, Europe and North Africa via West Asia, and plays a very important strategic role in world politics, economy and military affairs.
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