The plucked instrument has a long history and various forms, and it is a very distinctive stringed instrument. As early as 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty, there were musical instruments such as "Qin" and "Se", and then they successively produced or imported Zhu and Zheng in the Warring States Period, green beans in the Qin Dynasty, pipa in the Han Dynasty, Ruan and Pipa in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Sanxian in the Yuan Dynasty and dulcimer in the Ming Dynasty over the weekend. Plucked instruments can be divided into horizontal and vertical types. Horizontal styles, such as: Zheng (guzheng and tuning Zheng), guqin, dulcimer and piano solo. Vertical, such as: Pipa, Ruan, Yueqin, Sanxian, Dongbula, Zamu Nie.
The classification is as follows:
1, guqin, guzheng and other musical instruments. This instrument has a rectangular wooden box as the piano body, which is played horizontally with the strings. Guqin can only be played with strings, and others only use its empty string sound.
2. Pipa is the representative, including, yueqin, Ruan, Sanxian and other musical instruments. With four, three and two strings, the left hand presses the strings, the right hand plucks, and the multi-vertical arm plays.
3. dulcimer Lay it flat on the wooden frame and play the strings with the piano and bamboo to get the sound. It was introduced from foreign countries around the Ming Dynasty. There are many kinds of plucked instruments. Next, the most commonly used instruments in Chinese orchestras are introduced in turn: Pipa, Qin Liu, Yang Qin, Hezheng, Ruan and Sanxian.
4. Dongbula is an ancient Kazakh stringed instrument. In some Kazakh families, even a family can play several songs. In Kazakh, winter bula has a special meaning: "winter" is the sound of playing musical instruments, and "bula" means plucking the strings. Dongbula has a long history. As early as the third century BC, it spread in Xinjiang, China. Dongbula can be used for solo, ensemble and accompaniment, and its expressive force is very rich. Dongbula is played in the same way as most plucked instruments. He held the piano in his arms, holding it in his left hand, pressing the strings with his index finger and thumb, and plucking the strings with his right middle finger and thumb. By using different playing techniques of Dong Bula, the gurgling spring sound, crisp birdsong, jubilant sheep and galloping horseshoes on the grassland are vividly displayed.
Ruan is a plucked instrument in China. Ruan was always called "Qin Pipa" in ancient times. During the Qin Dynasty in the second and third centuries BC, people added strings to small drums with handles to make plucked instruments, which were called "pottery". Later, people referred to Zheng, Zhu and other musical instruments, and created a more advanced musical instrument than Xianfei, called Qinpipa, which was the predecessor of Ruan. Ruan's shape is very simple, consisting of three parts: head, stem and body. The piano head is generally decorated with traditional China bone carvings such as Dragon or Ruyi, and four chords are installed on both sides. Ruan's piano body is an oblate resonance box, which is glued by front panel, back panel and frame panel. Ruan's structural principle, production materials and playing techniques have many similarities with pipa. In recent years, with China's emphasis on national musical instruments, musicians have also reformed Ruan, developing tenor Ruan, tenor Ruan and bass Ruan.