From the end of 19 15 to the end of 19 16, Yunnan and other provinces organized national defense forces to oppose Yuan Shikai's restoration of monarchy and safeguard the democracy and system of the Republic of China.
After the defeat of the Yuan War, Yuan Shikai ordered the banning of the Kuomintang, the disqualification of Kuomintang members and the dissolution of the National Assembly in an attempt to restore the monarchy. In order to obtain the support of the Japanese government for the retrocession,1965438+signed "Article 2 1" with it in May 2005. In August, he instructed his cronies and assistants to set up a "preparatory committee" for the restoration of monarchy. 12 12 Shen ordered to accept "Tudai" as the emperor of the Chinese empire, and announced that the next year was changed to the first year of Hongxian. [Edit this paragraph] During Yuan's preparation for becoming emperor, Sun Yat-sen's China Revolutionary Party and Liang Qichao's Progressive Party went to Yunnan to instigate an armed uprising. Cai E, the former governor of Yunnan Province, and Tang Yu, the general of Yunnan Province 19 15 declared Yunnan independence in Kunming on February 25th, and then set up the viceroy mansion of Yunnan, organizing about 20,000 people to defend the country from Yuan. Cai E and Li Liejun were appointed as commanders-in-chief of 1 and 2 armies respectively, while Tang was appointed as viceroy and commander-in-chief of 3 armies. It is planned that 1 Army will attack Sichuan, 2 Army will enter Guangxi and Guangdong, 3 Army will stay in Yunnan, take the opportunity to enter Hunan via Guizhou, and then the two armies will meet in Wuhan for the Northern Expedition. In addition, Dai Kun, left Counselor Governor's Office, led troops into Guizhou to incite an uprising. Yuan Shikai urgently ordered the Beiyang Army and troops from Sichuan, Hunan and Guangdong provinces to attack Yunnan from Sichuan, Hunan and Guangxi in an attempt to annihilate Yunnan's national defense forces in one fell swoop. 1 Commander Ma Jizeng led the mixed brigade of the 6th, 3rd and 20th divisions of Beiyang Army, and invaded Yunnan from Xiangxi via Guizhou from east. Zhang, commander of the Second Route Army, led the 7th, 3rd, 6th and 8th divisions of Beiyang Army, joined the Beiyang Army and Sichuan Army stationed in Sichuan, and attacked Yunnan from the north. Cao Kun was appointed commander-in-chief of 1 2 Road. The third way is the Guangdong Army 1 division commander, who investigated and dealt with Yunnan's envoy Long Jinguang's entry into Yunnan from Guangdong via Guangxi, harassing the rear of the national army.
In the Battle of Sichuan, 19 16 16 Cai E's Liu Yunfeng Ladder Regiment arrived in Xinye at the border of Yunnan and Sichuan. On 17, he launched an attack on Wu, the commander of southern Sichuan. The next day, it occupied Hengjiang in the northwest of Gaoxian County, Sichuan Province. 19, captured the southwest Anbian of Xufu (now Yibin). 1 team feint, the second team by night black circuitous to AnBian flank, sudden attack, Wu Jun fled to chui fook. The IDF pursued the victory and occupied the Syrian government on 2 1. Later, Yuan Jun launched a four-way counterattack against Xu Fufa, all of which were repelled.
On the 27th, Liu, the ambassador of Guizhou Self-Defense Forces, declared the independence of Guizhou and sent two Guizhou troops to cooperate with Yunnan Self-Defense Forces. A route from the Guizhou Army 1 Regiment to the 3rd Regiment was co-edited as the East Road Detachment of the National Defence Force, with Wang Wenhua as the commander, attacking Xiangxi. The 5th and 6th regiments led the Yunnan Army as the right-wing army of Yunnan-Guizhou Coalition, with Dai as the commander in chief, attacking Sichuan Qijiang and Chongqing. On February 13, Dai Bu arrived at Songkan (Tongzi, Guizhou) at the junction of Sichuan and Guizhou. 14 attacked Sichuan Army 1 Division, and 18 reached Dongxi and Makouya, south of Qijiang River. Later, Yuan Jun sent more troops to Daibu to fight back, and Daibu retreated to Dongxi and Songkan to meet them.
At the beginning of February, the first division of Zhao Tianti Regiment led by Cai E and the second division of Liu Cunhou, the uprising Sichuan Army jointly launched an attack on Luzhou, Sichuan Province, and once occupied Lantianba and Yueliangyan on the periphery of Luzhou. After Beiyang Army arrived in Luzhou one after another, the National Defence Force was outnumbered and retreated to Naxi and other places for help. 23, Cai E, according to the situation, decided to take two wings surrounded, positive breakthrough tactics, in order to destroy Yuan Jun's offensive and defensive. On the 28th, we began to fight back. By March 6th, Yuan Jun suffered heavy casualties, and the National Defence Force was exhausted due to lack of ammunition. Diversion from Naxi to Xupengxi (now Huguo Town) and rest in favorable terrain. In June, 5438+05, Cai E took advantage of the fact that Yuan Jun officers and men were war-weary and the material supply was extremely difficult, and decided to concentrate on the main force to counterattack Naxi in three ways. 17, the right-wing Zhao Yunti Regiment, as the main attack, launched an attack from Baijietan east of Naxi; Gu Pinzhen ladder group in the middle of the road to contain the enemy in front; Left-wing Liu Cunhou captured Jiang 'an to ensure the safety of the main flank. On 19, the Wehrmacht broke through Yuan Jun's forward position and wiped out an enemy. By the end of March, the lost land was recovered one after another. Yuan Jun suffered heavy casualties and could not continue fighting.
In the Battle of Xiangxi, Wang Wenhua led the Qian army to defend the country and arrived at the border of Guizhou and Hunan in late 19 16 10, and then diverted to attack the Yuan army in Xiangxi. On the evening of February 2nd, 1 group launched an attack on Yuan Jun in Huangzhou (now Laohuang) city, Hunan province. Yuan Jun was unprepared, and escaped from the centipede pass the next day (about15km east of Huangzhou). Guizhou army marched into Huangzhou. On the 4th, the centipede pass was conquered, and the fifth HunChengLv and Zhenyuan defenders in Yuan Jun were completely annihilated. The third group was held in Qianyang on February 5th. Meanwhile, the 2nd Regiment captured some strongholds outside Mayang City, but both siege failed. 13 years, 1 and 3 regiments jointly launched an attack on Yuanzhou (now Zhijiang), and Yuan Jun abandoned the city and fled. 14, the Qian army occupied Yuanzhou. The king supported the 2nd regiment to attack Mayang City again with 1 regiment, and conquered the area on16th. By the end of February, the Guizhou army protecting the country had joined Kehongjiang, Jingxian, Tongdao, Suining and other places, and beat off about three mixed troops of Yuan Jun. In mid-March, Yuan Jun launched a counterattack in Mayang and Qianyang. The stubborn resistance of the Guizhou army, which defended the country and defended the country, prevented the Yuan army in Xiangxi from transferring troops to Sichuan, the main attack direction.
During the Battle of Yunnan and Guangxi, Li Lie Military Department moved from Kunming to Guangxi on February 20th, 2006 1965438. At the beginning of March, in Guangnan and Funing areas at the junction of Yunnan and Guangxi, a fierce battle was launched with Longjing Qingqi Department. Zhang Kairu's step regiment of the 2nd Army repelled many attacks by Li Wenfu, commander of Long Jun/KLOC-0 Road, in Guichao area east of Funing, and the two sides were deadlocked. Shengtaoti Regiment of the Second Corps fought fiercely with Huang, the commander of the Second Route Army, in Guangnan for several days and repelled Huang. In June of 5438+05, Lu Rongting, general of Ningwu, electrified Guangxi to declare its independence. Yunnan national defense forces took advantage of the situation to launch a counterattack against the Gansu army. At the same time, he left Yunnan and intercepted Zhao Zhongqi's ladder regiment of the third army in Guangxi, and arrived at Xilong (now Longlin, Guangxi) to join Fang Shengtao's ladder regiment in attacking the Yellow Department. The yellow department was defeated, and the remnants fled to southern Yunnan. Adapted from the 3rd Army, Ting marched into Huang Yucheng. At this time, he also arrived in Baise, Guangxi from Yunnan via Xingyi, Guizhou, and cooperated with and surrounded the Longjing Qingqi Command, all of which were disarmed. Seeing the tide ebbing, Li Wenfu led the masses to surrender. Huang's armed bandits and remnants fled to the third road in southern Yunnan, and were stopped by Liu Zuwu and other departments of the Third Army. Some of them were annihilated and some fled Yunnan.
Yuan Shikai's plan to attack Yunnan failed, and Yuan Jun was also hit by Guangdong and Guangxi, and suffered setbacks in diplomacy. He was forced to announce the abolition of the monarchy on March 22 19 16, but he still occupied the presidency. In order to completely overthrow Yuan's dictatorship, on May 8, the independent provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and Guangdong established a military court against the Beiyang government in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Soon, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces declared independence one after another. Yuan Yi was in a dilemma and died on June 6th.
Relying on the support of the people and the strong morale of the troops, Cai E and other defense generals changed their deployment in time, carefully stood by, focused on disintegrating the enemy, and adopted means such as feint, attack and division to win the national defense war and overthrow the Hongxian monarchy. However, it was still replaced by the rule of the Beiyang warlord group of Zhi, Wan and Feng. [Edit this paragraph] Historical significance The war to defend our country was another great revolutionary movement led by the bourgeoisie in modern China, second only to the Revolution of 1911! Yunnan is not only the province that won the title of Yuan Baojia, but also the great contributions and sacrifices made by the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan for defending the country and defending the country, which are worth remembering forever! The war to defend the country in Yunnan shattered the continuation plot of feudal monarchy and restored the harmonious system. However, the movement of defending the country and defending the country did not finally overthrow the rule of the northern warlords, and the revolutionary task was still not fully completed.
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