There is a saying in Weibo that "the biological principles of the three generations are not rich", to the effect that the intelligence gene is on the X chromosome, and there is only one X for men, and X comes from the mother; A man's IQ is determined by his mother. Rich people marry more beautiful girls, but the chances of beautiful girls being smart are low, so the intelligence of rich second generation men is mostly lower than that of their parents. The rich second generation marries beautiful girls, while the rich third generation has lower IQ. The next generation of rich, powerful and famous elites can't jump out of the strange circle of "being rich for three generations". Can we ordinary people give birth to excellent next generation? Liao, director of the Institute of Medical Genetics of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, gave several inequalities from the perspective of genetic eugenics to illustrate the influence of genetic material and acquired culture on the next generation.
The existence of excellent genes can be passed on to future generations. ※
From a genetic point of view, parents with excellent genes are indeed more likely to give birth to offspring with excellent genes than ordinary people. However, the existence of excellent genes does not mean that they can be successfully passed on to future generations. For ordinary healthy people, the genetic status of offspring is mainly influenced by genetic basis and intrauterine development.
The genetic basis is the genes of both parents. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of which are inherited from their fathers and half from their mothers, forming new individuals. This inheritance is not as simple as "1+ 1=2".
For example, Liao said, "Genetic inheritance is not like a building block game. It can be put together directly from the blue building block representing the father and the red building block representing the mother. It is more like a plasticine game. Take half the blue plasticine representing father and half the red plasticine representing mother, and knead them together again. The new plasticine shows different colors with different kneading methods, including blue, red and mixed purple. This kind of blue and red is inherited from parents, while purple belongs to the new situation of rearrangement and combination under the influence of different environments in the process of fertilized egg formation and embryo development. It is not accurate to say that the dragon begets the dragon and the phoenix begets the phoenix. There is also a saying that' the dragon gives birth to nine sons, and the nine sons are different', which is correct. "
Intrauterine development means that the fetus will be affected by the health status of the mother during pregnancy. Even if the parents have beautiful genes, if the mother is seriously infected with the virus during pregnancy, even if both parents are excellent, it may lead to fetal malformation.
The potential of excellent genes can be successfully passed on to the fetus. ※
If it is clear that future generations have inherited their parents' excellent genes, such as their parents' economic brains or talents in music, sports and painting, then their future generations may also inherit these advantages, but whether these potentials can be reflected in their children is closely related to their acquired education, training and environmental impact. Internal factors play a role through external factors, and they have a sense of decision, and the environment determines their growth.
Education can not only be understood as the instillation of knowledge and the choice of good schools. Many illiterate farmers, their children are studying in rural primary schools, and they are admitted to county middle schools, and then they struggle to go to universities and get admitted to graduate students and doctors. Farmers' parents may not be able to help their children with their homework, but they will educate their children to work hard. This is growth education. The reason why the rich generation can start from scratch and successfully accumulate considerable wealth is not only because of their good genes and high IQ, but also because of many factors such as social and economic environment, personal opportunities and self-struggle.
Only by combining excellent genes with the good influence of acquired environment, correct education, personal efforts and other factors can children grow into excellent talents.
The heredity of intelligence genes ≠ maternal determinism ※
Most heritable traits such as human appearance, personality and intelligence are controlled by multiple genes, which are distributed on 23 pairs of chromosomes and may be passed on to the next generation. Among the 23 pairs of chromosomes, from 1 pair to the 22nd pair is an autosome, and the 23rd pair is a sex chromosome. Genes related to intelligence exist on different chromosomes, not just on the X chromosome.
"For example, the common Down syndrome in clinic is caused by the problem of chromosome 2 1; Chromosome 13 abnormality can lead to Patau syndrome ... which can lead to severe mental retardation. Autochromosomes are provided to the next generation by both parents, and their normality is closely related to intelligence. " Liao said to him.
There is neither repulsion nor attraction between human appearance and intelligence genes, and no research shows that women's beauty is inversely proportional to IQ. The mother's practical ability, temperament and ability to educate her children may have a greater impact on the healthy growth and success of the next generation.