Introduction of works
The author of Five Ancient Poems for Li Bai is Du Fu, and he was selected as the third poem in Volume 2 16 of all Tang poems. Du Fu wrote two farewell poems for Li Bai. One is a five-character ancient poem, in which the author expresses his dislike of city life and his envy of seclusion in the mountains; The second song is a seven-character quatrain. In this poem, the author laments his frustration and hesitation, and pities Li Bai's heroism but his talent is not obtained.
The famous ancient poem "Savages always crave vegetables." "Drinking crazy songs is empty, who is arrogant?" It's from the poem to Li Bai.
original text
Five ancient stories of Li Bai
Author: Tang Du Fu
Having been a guest in Du Dong for two years, I'm tired of being clever.
Barbarians are often dissatisfied with food and vegetables.
Is there no green rice to make my color look good?
Suffering from the lack of large drug resources, the mountains and forests are like sweeping (4).
Li Hou Jin Guiyan, I want to discuss the matter of getting out.
There is also a tour of Liang and Song, and Yao Cao will be picked up.
"To Li Bai, Four Wonders"
Qiu Lai watched him leave, but he was still floating, but he was not ashamed of Ge Hong.
Drinking crazy songs for nothing, who are you arrogant for?
To annotate ...
(1) guests, living in foreign countries. Calendar, after that. Dislike, dislike. Smart, witty, and dexterous. Customs are hard to live. Du Dong in Sui Dynasty was abandoned in 62 1 year (the fourth year of Tang Wude). In 628 AD (the second year of Tang Zhenguan), it was named Luoyang Palace, and in 657 AD (the second year of Tang Xianqing), it was renamed Dongdu.
(2) It stinks when it smells fishy. Herbivores belong to cattle and sheep. Aquarium people say fishy, which belongs to fish and turtles. Yes, yes, the enemy.
3 no, don't. No, no, green rice, Tao's secret recipe for seclusion: "Tai Chi is really a young man who can eat (fast) rice." Use the leaves and stem skins of southern candelilla with dew, boil the juice, soak the rice and steam it, so that the rice will be blue-green, dry it in the sun, steam it three times, and steam it with the juice of the leaves every time. You can eat two liters of food a day that doesn't replenish blood, fill your stomach and marrow, and eliminate the three worms. Long-term service can prolong life and benefit the face. " Xun Xun (Xun Xun), bird rice.
(4) Bitterness, feeling difficult because of a certain situation. Great doctor, Taoist elixir. Green essence is not as good as a big doctor, sighing that there is no skill to avoid the world and introduce the year.
5] Golden Boudoir, another name of Golden Horse Gate, also refers to the feudal court. Yan, the laudatory name of an old scholar. Biography of Kong Anguo: "Beautiful as a face." To seek seclusion is to seek seclusion.
[6] Yao grass, fairy grass, also refers to precious grass. Han Dong Fang Shuo wrote to a friend: "Don't let the name of the dust net be locked, laugh heartily, take off ten continents and three islands, pick up Yao grass and swallow the essence of the sun and the moon, and sigh lightly."
Once gone with the wind Peng, a herb with leaves like willow leaves, small white flowers, dead roots in autumn and floating in the wind. Therefore, it is often used to describe the erratic movements of people. At that time, Li Bai and Du Fu were both frustrated in their official careers, wandering together and homeless, so they took the floating canopy as a metaphor. Not successful, not successful. Cinnabar is cinnabar. Taoism believes that refining sand into medicine can prolong life.
Ge Hong, a Taoist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, went to Luofushan to make an alchemy. Li Bai, a good fairy, once made an alchemy by himself, and studied under the high school (a kind of initiation ceremony). Du Fu also crossed the Yellow River and went to Wuwangshan to visit Taoist Hua Gaijun, but he was disappointed because Hua Gaijun was dead. Both of them failed to learn Tao, so they said they were "ashamed of Ge Hong".
Frivolous, unconventional, wild and uninhibited. It is used as a commendatory term here.
translate
Five ancient stories of Li Bai
During my two years in Du Dong, my wit and dexterity were the most annoying. I am a folk living in the countryside, but I don't eat rotten beef and mutton, even coarse grains are often underfed. Can't I eat green rice to make my face look good? I feel that the most difficult thing is the lack of medicine (raw materials) for refining elixir. In this deep forest, it seems that I swept it with a broom, and there are no traces of medication. You, an outstanding figure in the imperial court, are now leaving Jinmamen alone to seek seclusion. I'm leaving Du Dong for Song Liang, and I'll definitely visit you then.
"To Li Bai, Four Wonders"
When we leave in autumn, we look at each other and float around like a flying canopy. I am really ashamed that Ge Hong, an alchemist in the Western Jin Dynasty, did not seek immortality. Drinking and singing happily every day is a waste of time. Who is a hero like you for?
Appreciation of five ancient stories of Li Bai
This is the earliest poem that Du Fu gave to Li Bai. In 744 AD (the third year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Du Fu was in the East Capital (Luoyang), and Li Bai was released to the East Capital on the grounds of Gao Lishi's false accusation. This is a gift of poetry, so it is just the right time, so there is a sentence to get rid of Mrs. Kim.
This poem is divided into two paragraphs, the first eight sentences are one paragraph and the last four sentences are one paragraph. In the first paragraph, there are eight self-narratives, expressing disgust for the city and admiration for the mountains and forests. In the second paragraph, give Li Bai and Li Bai four sentences, indicating that he wants to remain anonymous. In 744 AD, Li Bai was enshrined in the Hanlin by imperial edict, and was slandered by Gao Lishi, who returned the gold. Li Bai said to the parrot, "It is an escape to put down your feathers and bid farewell to the Golden Palace." That year, Li Bai was knighted by Gao. At the same time, he is the prince of Gai Hua, and he is hiding in Mount Wu. Therefore, it is said that "it is quiet from things."
Appreciation of "Li Bai's Four Musts"
In the early summer of 744 AD, Du Fu and Li Bai, who had just been given money by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, met in Luoyang and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng City and Shangqiu City, Henan Province). In 745 AD (the fourth year of Tianbao), they went to Zhao Qi together, and they went hunting together, wrote poems and papers, and became brothers. This autumn, Du Fu and Li Bai broke up in Luxian County (now Yanzhou, Shandong Province), and Du Fu wrote this poem as a gift. In the poem, they lamented that they were wandering and learned nothing. The phrase "binge drinking" is not only an exhortation to good friends, but also a warning to the police. This is serious and sincere, which shows the sincerity of their friendship. This is the earliest quatrain in Du Fu's existing poems. Du Shi Jing Quan quoted Jiang Wei in six words: "It's a portrait of Bai Yisheng. The public gives the most white poems, and this poem is the simplest and enough. "
Du Fu and Li Bai respect each other and have a deep friendship. This poem "To Li Bai" is a portrait of Li Bai painted by Du Fu with the brush strokes of his mind. It only takes 28 words to form a vivid artistic image. Li Bai's elegance, tolerance and personality are vividly on the paper. This poem was written in the autumn of 745 AD. At this time, Li Bai was rejected by traitors, and he traveled to Qilu in Kyoto and met Du Fu. This autumn, Li Bai also wrote the poem "Send Du Lujun to the East Shimen". The poem says, "The flying canopy is thousands of miles away, and the cup is in your hand." The poet's deep feelings of parting were revealed from the stream. This can draw lessons from Du Fu's poem "Qiu Lai cares about him and is still floating". Returning the money to Li Bai, I was glad to meet Du Fu in Shandong, and I had the same bumpy experience, so I felt the same.
On the surface, this poem seems as if Du Fu is trying to persuade Li Bai to concentrate on alchemy and seek immortality like Taoist Ge Hong, not to waste time by drinking crazy songs, and why he should be bossy and dominate others. In fact, this poem by Du Fu has a moral: Li Bai despises powerful people, leaves in a hurry and is reduced to exile. Although he drinks crazy songs every day, he is not appreciated by the rulers; Although the heart is full of men, but why dominate? Although there are talents who help the world, how to display them? Du Fu's admiration is full of emotion and sadness. So he complained about his resentment, and even put forward a seemingly complaining inquiry in a rhetorical tone, but it was unfair. His feelings are not only for Li Bai, but also for himself.
This poem shows a crazy word and a proud word. Proud and rough, this is Du Fu's portrayal of Li Bai. In A Gift for Li Bai, the arrogant style, strength and tolerance are highlighted, and Li Bai's spirit and oh, how can I solemnly bow and scrape to the high official Hou Lu? This is the poetic eye and essence of this poem. It is not only in line with Du Fu's other poems praising Li Bai, but also vividly reveals Li Bai's character and temperament.
This seven-line poem is gloomy, cadence and ups and downs. The last sentence uses a rhetorical tone to push the whole poem to a climax. When commenting on this poem in the early Qing Dynasty, Qian only paid attention to the sentence of "bossiness", and the rest were generalized, which was eye-catching and showed its important value in the whole poem: "Charming, good at vertical and horizontal skills. Without Ren Xia, there are several people with hands and blades, so the talents are domineering. Clouds fly all their lives. Old notes are ridiculous. " (Volume 9 of Zhu Qian Du Fu's Poems) is intended to praise Li Bai's chivalrous spirit from a new angle and side, and highlight the flying nature of "bossiness". Autumn notes the cloud: "Fly, float. Domineering, strong beam. On Shuo Wen: Hu and Wei Ye. Hey, the jumping of the Judas fish is also its tail. " (Detailed Explanation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume 1) Although this is a sentence annotation, it is used to symbolize Li Bai's bold spirit in To Li Bai.
This poem is concise and full of charm. In order to strengthen the rhythm and momentum of the whole poem cycle, we should be "crazy" against "crazy song" and "flying" against "domineering"; And "Drunk Crazy Song" and "Flying Around", "Living Empty" and "For Who" are opposites. This formed a flying atmosphere, further highlighting Li Bai's lofty sentiments and wildness.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Gongyi, Henan Province). Du Fu's great-grandfather (Du Fu's father) moved from Xiangyang (now Hubei) to Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poetry is also called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are both called "Du Li". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". For more articles on appreciation of ancient poems, please pay attention to the column of Du Fu's complete works in Xigutang Guoxue. com. ()
Du Fu's poems are called "the history of poetry" because many of his poems are depressed and worried about the country and the people. Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems involve social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflected the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time. His poems recorded the historical changes of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and expressed the lofty Confucian spirit of benevolence and strong sense of hardship, so they were called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems handed down from generation to generation are the most extensive in the Tang Dynasty, and he is one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Du Fu's works are called human scars and sages in poetry. The people are in poverty, and the bottom of the pen is turbulent.
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis, refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. His works include Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River, Wang Chun, Jueju and Wang Yue.