China is a big agricultural country, and the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers (hereinafter referred to as agriculture, countryside and farmers) have always been the fundamental problems of China's revolution and construction. Especially with the deepening of economic globalization and the end of the transition period of China's accession to the WTO, the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers have become an important theoretical and practical issue in China's economic development. In the coming period, China will "realize the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, with the most arduous and arduous task in the countryside". "Without the well-off of farmers, there will be no well-off of the whole people, and without the modernization of rural areas, there will be no modernization of the country." Land system is an important part of solving rural problems. Therefore, starting from the reality of the primary stage of socialism in China and aiming at the problems existing in the rural land system, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to further deepen the rural land system reform, explore the target model of the rural land system reform in China that meets the requirements of the development of socialist market economy, and build a rural land system with China characteristics on this basis. Adhering to the principle of the unity of history and logic, and using the methods of scientific abstraction, qualitative and quantitative analysis, vertical comparative analysis and horizontal comparative analysis, this paper puts forward the goal of rural land system reform in China, and on this basis, systematically constructs an innovative model of rural land system that conforms to the operation law of market economy, and discusses the current rural land system reform in China from four aspects. The first part of the paper expounds the scientific meaning and characteristics of the land system through the analysis of various meanings of the land system, and on this basis discusses the great significance of the rural land system reform to social and economic development. The second part of the paper expounds the historical process of China's rural land system reform in the new period, and on the basis of analyzing the present situation of China's rural land system, puts forward the problems existing in China's rural land system. The third part of the paper is international comparison. This paper analyzes the development process of agricultural land system in two different market economy countries, the United States and Japan, and draws lessons from them on the basis of summing up experience, with a view to obtaining enlightenment for the reform of rural land system in China, so as to realize the innovation of existing land system reform in China. The fourth part of the paper is the countermeasure research, which discusses that in the new stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, China's rural reform and development is facing a series of new situations and problems. In this case, we systematically explore and look for a rural land system that conforms to the level of productivity and has China characteristics.