The agrarian revolution (1927- 1937) refers to the period of the second revolutionary civil war. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the China * * * Production Party began to create rural revolutionary base areas and led the China Revolution independently. On August 1927 and 1 day, some producers, represented by Zhou Enlai, took the lead in uprising in Nanchang. On August 7th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou. The general policy of "agrarian revolution and armed resistance against Kuomintang reactionaries" was formally established. Subsequently, China * * * producers held armed uprisings in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and other places, organized armed workers and peasants, and embarked on the road of seizing power by armed means. 1927 10, Mao Zedong led the autumn harvest uprising team on the Hunan-Jiangxi border to Jinggangshan to carry out guerrilla warfare, carry out agrarian revolution, organize workers' and peasants' governments, establish local armed forces, and create the first rural revolutionary base in China. 1April, 928, Zhu De, Chen Yi, etc. He led some troops left over from the Nanchang Uprising and the peasant army organized by the Southern Hunan Uprising to Jinggangshan, where he joined forces with the troops led by Mao Zedong to create the first Red Army of Workers and Peasants in China, further expanding the Jinggangshan revolutionary base. Since then, the China * * * Production Party has successively opened revolutionary base areas such as Xiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, but so do dungans, Hailufeng and Zuojiang, and established the first, second and fourth armies of the Workers and Peasants Red Army. In order to win farmers' support for the Red Army and expand the ranks, during this period, the China * * * Production Party carried out the agrarian revolution. In the revolutionary base areas, the party launched a revolution to fight local tyrants, divide fields, abolish feudal exploitation and debts, and meet farmers' land requirements.
193 1 year, Mao Zedong formulated a land program: relying on poor farm labourers, uniting with middle peasants, restricting rich peasants, eliminating the landlord class, and changing feudal and semi-feudal land ownership into peasant land ownership. This route mobilized all anti-feudal factors and ensured the victory of the agrarian revolution.
The agrarian revolution overthrew poor entrepreneurs politically, distributed land economically and ensured their livelihood. In order to defend the fruits of victory, they actively joined the army and worked hard to develop production. For example, in the revolutionary base areas of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, more than 30,000 peasants joined the Red Army within six months. A recruiting station in Qiliping, Huang An, the revolutionary base of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, recruited 800 farmers in one day. The development of the agrarian revolution has aroused the enthusiasm of the broad masses of peasants to participate in and defend the revolution, which is conducive to the consolidation and development of the base areas. This can be seen in some old movies of this historical period, such as Hong Haier and Red Flag of Cuigang.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period:
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in order to unite the people of the whole country to resist Japanese aggression and consolidate and expand the United front, China * * * Production Party adjusted its rural policy, and implemented the policy of farmers paying rent and reducing interest rates and landlords reducing rent and interest rates in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines. This policy not only protects the interests of farmers, but also unites landlords to resist Japan, which is of great significance to the consolidation and development of the anti-Japanese base areas, the anti-Japanese national United front and the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, in order to form an anti-Japanese national united front, China's * * * production party advocated "landlords reduce rent and interest rates, farmers pay rent and interest rates" in land work behind enemy lines, and put "confiscation of landlord class land" in a secondary position. Since the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, the principal contradiction in China has changed. The ethnic contradiction between China and Japan has become the principal contradiction, and the status of class contradiction has temporarily declined. During this period, we must unite all forces that can be United to fight the war of resistance. From this, it is put forward that "landlords reduce rents and interest rates, and farmers pay rents and interest rates". Although the landlord's income has decreased, all the properties of the land have not changed, which will help stabilize the landlord class and make it support the war of resistance. Farmers pay land rent and interest, although they can't have land to the tiller, but they can reduce the burden on farmers and effectively develop production.
During the War of Liberation:
After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the Kuomintang insisted on dictatorship and launched a counter-revolutionary civil war. In order to win the war of liberation, China * * * Production Party carried out land reform in the liberated areas, and implemented the land reform route of relying on poor farm labourers, uniting with middle peasants, gradually eliminating feudal exploitation system and developing agricultural production. Land reform greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers to support the war of liberation and became a reliable guarantee for the victory of the war of liberation. It is reflected in the hit TV series "Bright Sword".
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC):
Before liberation, semi-colonial and semi-feudal old China still maintained the feudal land system, with landlords and rich peasants accounting for less than 10% of the rural population occupying 70% to 80% of the land. They exploit and oppress farmers cruelly by virtue of the land they own, while the poor peasants, farm labourers and middle peasants, who account for 90% of the rural population, only occupy 20% to 30% of the land. They work hard all year round, are exploited and have no food and clothing. This feudal land system seriously hindered the development of rural economy and China society. After the founding of New China, the newly liberated areas with a population of more than 300 million have not carried out land reform, and farmers urgently demand land reform and land acquisition.
1950 On June 30th, the Central People's Government promulgated the Land Reform Law of the People's Republic of China according to the new situation after the liberation of the whole country, which stipulated that the land ownership exploited by the landlord class should be abolished and farmers' land ownership should be implemented. In the winter of the same year, the landlord's land was confiscated and distributed to farmers who cultivated with little or no land. At the same time, the landlords were given their due share, and they were allowed to farm their own fields and stand on their own feet, thus liberating rural productive forces and developing agricultural production, which opened the way for the industrialization of new China. The principles and methods of land confiscation, requisition and distribution are stipulated. The land reform law changed the past policy of collecting surplus land and property of rich peasants into the policy of preserving rich peasants' economy, so as to better isolate landlords, protect middle peasants and small land lessors, stabilize the national bourgeoisie and facilitate the early recovery and development of production. After the promulgation of the land reform law, the land reform movement was carried out in a planned, led and orderly manner in the newly liberated areas with a population of 3 1 10,000. Nearly 300 million landless farmers have received 700 million mu of land and a large number of farm tools, livestock and houses. It also exempted the landlord from the annual grain rent of about 35 billion Jin. In the land reform movement, the party's leading cadres at all levels basically carried out and implemented the party's land reform line and policies correctly.
1in the spring of 953, except for Xinjiang, Tibet and other minority areas and Taiwan Province Province, the task of land reform was basically completed. The peasants were truly liberated. The feudal land ownership system that existed in China for more than two thousand years (founded in the Warring States Period in 475 BC) was completely destroyed, and the landlord class was wiped out.
At the beginning of the new China:
Facing the arduous task of restoring the economy and consolidating the political power, the China Production Party continued to implement land reform in the newly liberated areas. The land reform ended the feudal land system that lasted for more than two thousand years, which was conducive to the recovery and development of agricultural production.
Three major transition periods:
From 65438 to 0953, after realizing the task of restoring economy and consolidating political power, New China began to carry out socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, and realized the public ownership economy with collective ownership as the main body in rural areas, which greatly promoted the development of agricultural production and was conducive to the realization of socialist industrialization.
Ten years of exploration:
After the beginning of the period of building socialism in an all-round way, China's * * * production party wrongly launched the "people's commune" movement, which seriously dampened farmers' enthusiasm for production and hindered the development of agricultural production.
In the new period of socialism:
After the Cultural Revolution, the * * * Production Party of China held the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, set things right, corrected the "Left" errors, implemented the economic system reform, and implemented the household contract responsibility system in rural areas, which mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers and promoted the development of agricultural production.
1in April, 948, Mao Zedong put forward the general line and policy of China's * * * production party in land reform during the new-democratic revolution: relying on poor peasants, uniting with middle peasants, gradually eliminating the feudal exploitation system and developing agricultural production. The formulation of the land reform line and policy has greatly improved the revolutionary enthusiasm and production enthusiasm of the broad masses of peasants, and strongly supported the victorious development of the national liberation war in terms of manpower and material resources.
The general line of land reform is to rely on poor peasants and farm labourers, unite with middle peasants and be neutral with rich peasants, gradually eliminate the feudal exploitation system and develop agricultural production. This general line is formulated according to the basic tasks and objectives of land reform.
The general policy of land reform: rural areas surround cities.