2. Praise the brave warrior's spirit of taking risks and being brave in self-sacrifice; Explain that the only way to defeat the evil forces and turn the corner is to be fearless of life and death and dare to fight. Retreat and fear of death can only wait for extinction. 3. Explain that regardless of objective laws, doing things by subjective will is bound to fail, which is independent of the will of sophists.
4. Explain that you can't be quick and quick, but only seek immediate interests. 7a686964616fe58685e5aeb93133262363565 We should make long-term plans. 5. This paper aims to explore the way to be a monarch.
Explain that to achieve the goal, we must go through the right way and method, and naturally we must do it, otherwise it will be futile or even counterproductive; So he advised you to pay attention to the people's hearts, which reflected the author's people-oriented thought. 6. Explain that the information source is rich and you are good at brainstorming, so (the monarch) can see everything clearly and will not be deceived.
7. Praise Sun Tai's valuable spirit of putting himself in others' shoes without considering his own interests, and his noble moral character of not being greedy for other people's property (you can also directly use "change without knowing it"). 8. Praise Wang Gong for his honest and frugal life.
9. Through the story of Qian Ruogeng's sentence, it shows that when things happen, we should be good at observation and analysis. As long as we use our brains more, the problem will be solved. 10, discussing several levels of learning: extensive learning, in-depth consultation, careful thinking, distinguishing right from wrong, and practical practice.
1 1. It is discussed that a gentleman keeps poverty without losing integrity. People with lofty ideals are willing to lay down their lives for justice.
[The article "Kill the body and become a human being" is composed of the following two paragraphs in The Analects of Confucius: You can't eat enough, but you can't get sick. When Lutz saw it, he said, "Is the gentleman poor?" Confucius said, "A gentleman is poor, but a villain is poor."
Confucius said, "Benevolent people don't live, but die." ]。
2. How can we do a good job in Chinese extracurricular reading? For classical Chinese, we must first master the knowledge in class. (For example, what are the common meanings of "Gu" in ancient Chinese) So that when we meet outside class, we can choose the most suitable one from these meanings and put it into the original text to make it smooth. Do more accumulation, and then we can use it easily in the exam. PS: I usually have to recite it. Be sure to learn to divide paragraphs, summarize the general idea of paragraphs, and make clear the main idea (or central argument) of the article. It is best to empathize with the author, understand the emotion of the article, summarize the methods, apply them according to a certain answering mode, and find out the answers in the article (the answers are basically in the article).
3. Junior high school extracurricular ancient poetry and theme collection Junior high school Chinese ancient poetry Xiqiao middle school Chinese lesson preparation group finishing Volume 5 (in class) Du Shaofu Ren Shubo is next to the wall around Sanqin area, separated by a mist that unites the five rivers.
We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions. After all, the world is just a small place.
Why are you wandering at the fork in the road? The child is holding a towel. Bai Xuege bid farewell to Tian Shuji, Wu went home, and the north wind rolled white grass, and eight In the snow crossed the Tatar Day.
Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in blossom. Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin.
The general used cold hands to protect his hands. The armored steel was too cold to wear. The desert freezes over/kloc-0.000 feet, with a crack, and the sky is full of darkness and melancholy.
In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag.
Luntai East Gate, welcome to the capital. Go, the mountain road is covered with snow. I haven't seen you in the winding mountain road, leaving only a row of horseshoe prints.
See your friend Li Bai off at Jingmen Ferry, and sail from Jingmen Ferry. Soon you will be with people in the south. At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces. The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles.
The majesty of Mount Tai in Wangfu! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen. The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, birds are flying around in front of my nervous eyes ... trying to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Su Shi, the head of the water tune, was drunk in the Mid-Autumn Festival. When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance.
I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade.
Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth. Turn to Zhuge and sit by the door, sleepless.
The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon has yin and yang, and there are gains and losses. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
A letter from Dongting Lake to the Prime Minister Haoran was here for the eighth month, and heaven was an air. Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age. Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
Untitled Li Shangyin's time was far before I met her, but even longer after we parted, the east wind rose and a hundred flowers blossomed. Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
In the morning, she saw her hair cloud changing in the mirror, but she bravely faced the cold of the moonlight with her evening song. There are not many roads to Pengshan, and Qingdao is full of love.
Mountain slope sheep Tongguan nostalgic Zhang Qunfeng like gathering, waves like anger, Tongguan mountains and rivers inside and outside. Looking at Xijing, I hesitated, saddened by the Qin and Han Dynasties, all the palaces were made of mud.
Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer. The fourth volume (in class) Xuanzhou Xie Tiao Building farewell school book Shu Yun Li Bai had to leave me since yesterday; It hurts my heart even more today.
Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine. The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.
We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with a sword, sadness will come back, even though we drown them with wine.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow. Du Fu, an official in the stone trench, threw himself into the stone trench village at dusk, and an official arrested people at night.
The old man climbed over the wall and left, while the old woman went out to watch. No matter how angry officials are, why do women cry! Before listening to his wife's speech: three men are guarding Yecheng.
One man attached a book, and two men died. Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead! There is no one in the room, only a baby and a grandson.
And grandma didn't go, and there was no skirt in and out. Although the old woman is physically weak, please come back at night and be anxious to prepare for cooking in the morning.
The night is long and silent, like crying and choking. Dawn will rise into the future, leaving the old man alone.
Zuo moved to Languan to show his nephew Xiang Hanyu a letter typed in the sky, and was demoted to 8000 Chaoyang Road that night. If you want to eliminate disasters for saints, you are willing to decline and cherish the old.
Where is the hometown of Qinling Mountains? Snow blocked the blue horse. Knowing from a distance should be intentional, so as to collect my bones by the river.
Qiantang Lake spring tour Baijuyi Gushan Temple north of Jiating West, the water level was low at the beginning. Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.
Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe. I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.
Ginger went hunting in Mizhou, and Su Shi, an old man, was young and crazy, holding a yellow flag on his left and a green flag on his right. Golden hat, mink and fur, thousands of riding rolls and leveling posts.
In order to repay the people of the whole city for following my generous hunting proposal, I will shoot this tiger myself like Sun Quan. After drinking wine, my chest is still open and my temples are slightly frosted. What's the harm! When will Feng Tang be sent to the clouds? I will make my strength as full as the full moon, full as the full moon, heading northwest and shooting at the team in West Xia Jun.
(Extracurricular) Autumn Ci Liu Yuxi has been sad and lonely every autumn since ancient times. I say autumn is better than spring. There is no one in the clear sky in Wan Li, and a crane, Ling Yunfei, has aroused my meditation on the blue sky.
Li He, the satrap of Yanmen, crushed the city with dark clouds, and the light spread to the sun. The horn sounded all over the sky in autumn, and the fat on the cold was purple at night.
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy. I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
Fan Zhongyan, a proud fisherman, has a strange scenery in Qiu Lai, but Hengyang Wild Goose didn't notice it. Around, the sound of the horn sounded, thousands of miles away, and the long smoke closed.
A glass of turbid wine is Wan Li's home, but Ran Yan hasn't come home yet. The pipe strength is covered with frost.
When people are silent, the general has white hair and tears. The childless child treated Chen Tongfu with harsh words as a token of Xin Qiji's drunkenness.
Give the roast beef to the men and the band will play northern songs. This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn.
Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation.
It's in vain. Book III (Class) Guan Yu's The Book of Songs Guan Yu's pigeon is in Hezhou.
A beautiful and virtuous woman is a good spouse of a gentleman. Mix shepherd's purse and salvage it from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman wakes up to pursue her. If you can't pursue it, the black nightclub misses her during the day.
Miss Long, I can't sleep over and over again. Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. Shepherd's purse is uneven, and it is left and right.
A beautiful and virtuous woman rings the bell to please her. The thatched cottage was broken by the autumn wind. Du Fu growled in August and autumn, and my three hairs rolled up.
Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. He hung the long treetops here and floated to the Shentang depression. The children in Nancun bully me. I am too old to be a thief. I openly carried Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were so dry that I could hardly breathe. When I came back, I sighed at my staff.
In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking.
There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of luxury houses in Ande, which greatly protect the poor people in the world from the spring breeze and the wind and rain! Oh! The house suddenly appeared in front of me, and it was enough for me to freeze to death alone! Mr. Shu Huyin's wall and Wang Anshi's eaves are long and quiet without moss, and flowers and trees are planted by hand.
One water protects the field and surrounds the green, and two mountains send green. Xin Qiji's night in Xijiang River, the bright moon on Huangsha Road surprises magpies, and the breeze sings cicadas at midnight.
The cool evening breeze seems to have spread to cicadas in the distance. In the fragrance of rice and flowers, people talk about the harvest of a year, and frogs croak in their ears, as if in a bumper harvest year.
In the old days, Maodian was near the forest, and the road turned to the stream bridge. (Extracurricular) Notes for Friends in the North on a Rainy Night Mr. Li Shangyin asked about the untimely return date, and the rain rose in the autumn pool at night.
When * * * cut the candle at the west window, he talked about night fish in Bashan. Zhao Yi's poems and Du Li's poems, which are widely read, have not been recognized so far.
4. The original text, translation and gist of the translation method of classical Chinese 1. Basic methods: literal translation and free translation.
There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible.
The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible.
Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand.
Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word. These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation.
Second, specific methods: leave, delete, supplement, change, adjust and change. "Stay" means to keep.
All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years and units of measurement. , can remain unchanged when translating. "Delete" means delete.
Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese. For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai.
"This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated. "Supplement" means supplement.
(1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets.
"Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words.
For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You". "Adjustment" means adjustment.
Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns. When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits.
"Change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, translate related words on the spot.
If "the waves are calm", it can be translated as "(the lake) is calm". Ancient Chinese translation formula ancient Chinese translation has its own order, first browse the whole article and grasp the main idea; Understand the theme first, collect information, understand all paragraphs to sentences, clauses to words, and deal with difficult sentences coherently, so you need to be careful, take care of the previous paragraphs, contact the following sentences, think carefully, try to figure out the tone, and strive to be reasonably close between words.
If omitted, fill in the original intention and put brackets to indicate the gain. Names and place names need not be translated. Names, according to the convention, are mine, and Er and Ru are yours.
Omitting inversion is regular. Content words and function words, with the interpretation of the text, sensitize the sense of language, and vary from sentence to sentence.
After the translation, you must carefully compare the sentences, understand the tone, make the sentences fluent, and then stop writing.
5. Poetry analysis of Chinese and how to do poetry analysis of extracurricular classical Chinese? Our teacher said: accumulating a poem every day, watching and appreciating it, is conducive to forming a good way of thinking, and the thinking will be clearer when starting to do the problem.
I suggest that you find some questions you have done before and look at the types of questions (there seems to be pictures to describe, understand the author's emotions, analyze the expression function of words, and analyze the expression methods, etc. ), accumulate methods to do the problem. Ways to appreciate poetry. Starting with the title of the poem, the title is the eye of the article.
Some titles summarize the important content of the work, some titles reveal the clues of the work, and some titles lay the emotional tone of the author. Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night (Du Fu) knows the rainy season, which happens in spring.
Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. The wild path is dark, and the river is bright.
Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy. The "Xi language" in the title is the clue of the whole poem and the key to understanding the connotation of the whole poem.
The first couplet praised the rain with a word "good" and said it "knows the season"; Second, the three couplets further highlight the beauty of the breeze and drizzle with "timely" and "moist and silent"; Tail connection is a scene where everything flourishes and grows after imagining "good rain" Although "hi" did not appear, the meaning of "hi" was repeated, expressing the poet's full joy.
Secondly, judging from the description of the "cold" and "warm" colors of the scenery in poetry, the ancients often expressed their feelings through the scenery when writing poems and lyrics. Therefore, when appreciating the scenery, we can first find out the words describing the scenery, appreciate and distinguish the "cold" and "warm" of the scenery, and accurately grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
Two poems on water threshold (1) Du Fu went to Guo Xuankai, and there was no village to see the credit. Clear water, almost drowning both sides; Green trees and flowers in full bloom in the evening.
It was drizzling, and the fish jumped out of the water happily; The breeze is blowing gently, and the swallows slant across the sky. The city is crowded with thousands of people; There are only two Three Lamps District here, and it's free.
The scenery of this poem mainly focuses on the couplets in February and March. The poet first painted an open and beautiful thatched cottage environment with the words "Chengjiang is less flat, secluded trees spend more in the evening", and then painted a vibrant spring scene with the words "Fish in the drizzle, Yan in the breeze". You see, fish are swaying in the drizzle, and swallows are flying lightly in the breeze. How cheerful and carefree! It is through this "warm" scenery that the poet expresses his leisure, joy and love for nature in spring after his long exile.
Third, starting with the images selected in the poems, images are the symbols that the author transforms emotions into perceptual images and the objective counterparts of emotions. It is the foundation and soul of a beautiful poem.
Many images in ancient poetry have specific meanings, and poets often express their unique feelings by choosing specific images. When we appreciate poetry, we should pay attention to images, mobilize accumulation and try to figure out the meaning of images, so as to understand the content of the works.
How to set questions and how to solve them? What kind of artistic conception does the problem setting method of 1 create? 2. What kind of picture is depicted? 3. What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? Problem-solving skills ① Describe the picture displayed in the poem; (2) Summarize the atmosphere created by the scenery (such as loneliness, quietness, beauty, grandeur and desolation). ); ③ Grasp the author's thoughts and feelings (such as sadness, anger, resentment, sorrow, joy, joy, yearning, leaving sorrow, chasing the past and hurting the present, melancholy and dreary, joy, cheerfulness, excitement, grief, sadness, admiration, farewell, attachment, heroism, leisure and tranquility, etc.). ) sail from Jingmen ferry, and soon you will be with southerners.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. What kind of picture does "the mountains are flat and the rivers meander in the wilderness" depict for us? (1) The rolling mountains gradually disappeared with the ship, and an endless low-altitude Yuan Ye appeared in front of you; The mighty river is running endlessly, rolling eastward on the endless Yuan Ye.
Magnificent and magnificent. ③ Expressed the poet's praise for the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and his sincere feelings of infinite love for his hometown.
Question-setting method and answering skills Question-setting method 1, what are the language features? 2. Analyze language style or talk about the characteristics of language art? The answering skills ① point out the language features (such as: fresh and natural, unpretentious, colorful, clear and fluent, multi-lingual, euphemistic and implicit, uninhibited, graceful and restrained in style, concise and vivid, strong in rhythm, musical and artistic, etc.). ); (2) Analyze with specific poems; ③ Point out the feelings expressed in the poem. Spring resentment (Jin Changxu) drove the orioles away, and the trees were full of their music.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp. Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
The language of this poem is fresh, natural and unpretentious. (2) "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to meet him at the camp in western Liaoning." In common language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband.
(3) shows the woman's longing for her husband. The way to set the question is 1. What kind of expression is used? 2. What expressive skills/artistic techniques/techniques are used? Answer skills ① point out the techniques used (such as lyricism: express your feelings directly, express your feelings by raising things, blend feelings into the scene, and express your feelings by taking advantage of the scene; Description: foil, association and imagination, painting; Rhetoric: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, pun, allusion, rhetorical question, irony, etc. ); 2 explain the reasons; (3) convey the poet's feelings.
Going to the fortress (Wang Wei) to ask for a bicycle has belonged to the country for too long. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
What strategy did you use to "drive the tent out of Sai Han"? How to understand this poem? ① Use figurative rhetoric. The poet wrote that he came to the northern frontier like a flying grass returning to the wild goose.
③ Expressed the poet's inner depression and anger through metaphor twists and turns. How to set the topic: why is a word the key to the whole poem? The role of answering skills in highlighting the main idea; ② Structure and function.
One spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the flute (Li Bai). The sound of the flute fluttered in the dark, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles. Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade? The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What is the moral of "breaking willow"? Do you agree with "key"? Why? Agreed.
"Folding willow" means "Farewell to the distant future", and the theme of this poem is homesickness. (2) This homesickness is caused by hearing the flute sound of "folding willow" music.
Therefore, "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. Question setting method: 1. Why is one sentence the most vivid? 2. What's good about one sentence? Problem solving skills 1 interpretation; (2) Reproduce the scene according to word association; (3) Contrast artistic conception and express emotion.
Xin Qiji's "breaking the array, giving Zhuang Yan Chen Tongfu to send it" was drunk and watched the sword.