In middle school, Qian Sanqiang read the Three People's Principles and the general plan for the founding of the country. The blueprint of China's future depicted in the book inspired his interest in science and engineering: "To save the motherland from humiliation, get rid of poverty and become rich and strong, we must build a strong industry." He is determined to be an engineer. Because his Comte Middle School teaches French, he asked Peking University to take the exam in French instead of English, and was approved. 1In the autumn of 930, 17-year-old Qian Sanqiang was admitted as a preparatory student by Peking University Science College with excellent results. After entering school, he spent all his spare time studying and passed the English exam in only half a year. Even his father, Qian, can't help but sigh: "Children who are cows are really awesome."
In Peking University, there are various academic reports every week. Qian Sanqiang listened with relish, once listening to a lecture on modern physics by Tsinghua and Wu. Wu's distinctive lectures and vivid classroom experiments taught students difficult concepts easily and happily, which made Qian Sanqiang gradually develop a love for physics, and finally sprouted the idea of applying for the Physics Department of Tsinghua. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/932, after graduating from Peking University, Qian Sanqiang transferred to the Physics Department of Tsinghua University, where he studied under professors Ye, Wu and others. His father, Qian Xinran, wrote four characters "From Cow to Love" for him. This became a turning point in Qian Sanqiang's life.
He is the best.
The physics department of Tsinghua gathered many famous people in Chinese physics field at that time, and Qian Sanqiang benefited a lot from the teaching methods that inspired thinking and attached importance to practice. 1936, after graduating with a graduation thesis of 90 points, he served as the assistant of Yan Jici, director of the Institute of Physics of Beijing Research Institute. On the recommendation of Yan Jici, she passed the exam for studying abroad at public expense the following year and entered the Curie Laboratory of the University of Paris for postgraduate study. The tutors are Madame Curie's daughter, Nobel Prize winner Elena Curie and her husband Aurio Curie, who opened the door for Qian Sanqiang to explore the micro-world.
The Curie couple were very strict in their academic attitude. Their Curie laboratory was the pearl of French science and culture and the research center of nuclear physics at that time. Engaged in nuclear physics research is a very boring job. Some people call nuclear physicists "atomic mummies". Qian Sanqiang gets up early every day and goes to the laboratory by subway. After a day's work, he went back to the dormitory to sort out the data and write an experimental report. Life is boring, but he enjoys it. His cleverness and diligence won the appreciation of the curies. Iorio chose him as his assistant to improve the cloud laboratory for observing the trajectory of nuclear particles. He started from consulting the literature, kept studying and put forward the improvement plan. A few months later, the new cloud laboratory was built, and the sensitive time reached the standard. Then, he creatively made an automatic camera to cooperate with the cloud lab. Iorio praised: "French college students only have exam results, while college students from China also have practical work ability."
1948 In the spring, Qian Sanqiang (first from right) took a group photo with Mr. and Mrs. Iorio in Paris on the eve of his return to China.
1946, Qian Sanqiang married Tsinghua, an old classmate and a talented woman. The couple made a breakthrough in the study of uranium nuclear fission, broke the conclusion about "binary fission" of uranium nuclear, and discovered and proved the phenomena of "three divisions" and "four divisions" of uranium nuclear. Aurio recommended "the first important work of his laboratory after World War II" to the world scientific community. Many western newspapers praised: "The Curies in China discovered a new method of nuclear fission." At the end of 1946, Qian Sanqiang won the Henri Bader Microphysics Prize of French Academy of Sciences. After a hard climb of 1 1 year, he obtained the highest academic level among French people studying in China. But at this time, he chose to return to China.
1948, Qian Sanqiang found Liu Ningyi, the head of China * * * in Europe, and put forward his wish to return to China. Liu Ningyi encouraged him: "Returning to China can do a lot." When he told Iorio about his plan to return to China, party member Frenchman Iorio said, "I will make such a decision." Before he left, the Curies also wrote a comment for him: "Mr. Qian ... is Minhui in spirit and full of enthusiasm and initiative for science. It is no exaggeration to say that he is one of the best contemporary scientists who come to our laboratory for internship and work under our guidance ... "
Serve the country.
On the eve of liberation, Mr. and Mrs. Qian Sanqiang finally returned to their motherland after years of separation. Nanjing government invited him to be the director of the Institute of Physics of Academia Sinica many times, but he refused. He was invited back to his alma mater, Tsinghua University. He had actively advocated the development of atomic energy in China, but for various reasons, there was no result.
1949 in March, just two months after the liberation of Beiping, Qian Sanqiang was informed to attend the Paris World Peace Conference as the first delegation of New China. Under the care of Zhou Enlai, he got a special fund of 50,000 dollars to buy instruments and equipment for nuclear research. He was so excited that his long-cherished wish for many years finally came true.
From then on, Qian Sanqiang devoted himself to the development of atomic energy. From 65438 to 0955, after the central government decided to develop China's nuclear power, he became a planner and gathered a large number of nuclear scientists such as Deng Jiaxian, Peng Huanwu and Wang. 1959 When the Soviet Union withdrew all the experts, Qian Sanqiang became the chief designer. In this tough battle, relying on his extraordinary leadership, he coordinated this extremely complicated system engineering, successfully developed the atomic bomb in four years, and successfully tested the hydrogen bomb two years and eight months later, creating a world miracle and setting up an immortal monument for the Republic of China.
Qian Sanqiang has been down-to-earth and climbed hard all his life, becoming the founder of "two bombs and one satellite" in China, and fulfilling his father's entrustment before his death: "Apply what you have learned and serve the motherland."