First, the thinking ability of examining questions

Examination refers to the activity of carefully trying to figure out and examine the topic of an article in order to grasp the meaning of the topic.

Examining the topic is to analyze and study the topic, so as to correctly understand the meaning, scope and requirements of the topic, and determine the genre, theme, center and even writing method of the article. Examination of questions is a systematic procedure, which runs through the whole process of reading and writing.

The main process of thinking about examining questions is the process of understanding problems. This understanding includes both the understanding of abstract thinking and the understanding of image thinking.

The understanding of abstract thinking is to understand the meaning of the topic through rational analysis. For the written materials provided by the material composition, it is also necessary to understand the content and grasp its essence through analysis, comparison, synthesis and induction.

The understanding of thinking in images is to understand the meaning of the topic through the association and imagination of the content of the topic. In the submission composition, the picture materials provided should not only be literary language materials, but also be understood through association and imagination.

Judging from the situation in recent years, the materials for the application for the exam have not given the topic, so I will not introduce the topic here. But as a general composition for materials, we also need to understand and master some basic methods.

The topic of application generally consists of two parts, one is the given information, and the other is the application demand based on the given information. This requires that the given "data" and "application requirements" should be taken into account when reviewing the problem. Therefore, we should carefully study the "materials" and "application requirements".

Learning materials should be accurate and complete, blind people touch the elephant, and raw materials are inseparable. For more complicated information, you should think carefully. We should be able to grasp the main idea, not far-fetched, and study the "application requirements" in an all-round way, and we should not miss any item. Finding the right angle, that is, the "starting point", is to focus on a certain point of the material, which is the idea existing in the material that the examiner pays attention to. .

Second, the thinking ability of the proposed topic

Putting forward a title is to establish a title for the article. A good title will never be forgotten, even for life.

The topic can be drawn up before writing or after writing: generally, the topic is drawn up first, but there are also materials, opinions, and articles linking materials and opinions. The topic is redrafted according to the specific situation of the article, so that the topic will be set after the article is completed. Sometimes there will be several topics at the same time, which need to be considered and compared.

There is also the ability to think in the process of drafting questions. The requirement of thinking ability for the proposed topic is mainly the ability to summarize, but also the flexibility and divergence of thinking. Here, we focus on generosity and intuitive ability.

In the aspect of generalization ability, we should first make clear the central idea of the article, because only by making clear the central idea can the proposed title correctly reflect the central idea or help express it. Secondly, we should start from the central idea and choose a reasonable and novel summary angle.

In terms of intuitive ability, it is important to pay attention to the experience accumulation of the proposed method and realize the transfer of knowledge. This requires mastering more knowledge of the proposed topic in peacetime and strengthening training in this area.

Third, the ability to think purposefully.

Intention is the starting point of article writing. "Yi" here refers to a special term in China's ancient writing theory, which combines the author's understanding and emotion of the writing object. Because the article has not been generated at the time of writing, China's traditional argument is to establish the theme of future articles.

When establishing the central idea, we should cultivate dialectical thinking and creative ability. The central idea of an article should be profound and innovative, and we must pay attention to dialectical thinking in the process of thinking. A specific problem we want to solve, or a specific object we want to think about, is a contradictory unity of opposites, so when we think about this problem or object, we should also look at the problem from a contradictory, relevant and developmental point of view. In this cognitive process from abstract thinking to concrete thinking, dialectical thinking should become the main thinking form to form the central idea.

Fourth, the thinking ability of selecting materials.

Material selection is to select and process many original materials, so that those real and typical materials can be used to express or elaborate ideas in the article. According to the basic requirements of material selection, we should exercise our thinking ability from the following three aspects:

1. Select materials around the central idea.

Mainly depends on whether the material meets the needs of the central idea of performance. In an article, materials have their unique functions. Because the relationship between material and central idea is very close, the criterion for identifying material can only be the relationship between material and central idea. The central idea cannot be produced out of thin air, but can only be extracted in the process of analyzing, researching and digesting related materials. Therefore, for article writing. Materials are always primary and the basis of the article, while the central idea is secondary, which is an opinion, idea or feeling based on materials; On the other hand, we should also see that materials are the basis for expressing and deepening the central idea.

Therefore, the identification and selection of materials should be restricted by the central idea. When the central idea is not formed or is being formed, the material plays a decisive role in the central idea; After the formation of the central idea, it in turn becomes the most important basis for identifying and rejecting materials. This is the dialectical relationship of the contradictory unity movement.

2. Choose authentic materials.

The authenticity of materials refers to "real life" in a strict sense, that is, the factual materials in the article should strictly conform to the original appearance or actual situation of Keshan B, and the second refers to "artistic truth" that essentially reflects the truth of life. This means that the factual materials in the article should essentially reflect the real face of life. In order to achieve this goal, we can allow some combination and transformation of events, details, environment and character characteristics as living materials, that is, artistic processing or artistic fiction:

The authenticity of materials generally means that the materials used in the article should be accurate, verifiable and appropriate. There should be no mistake in quoting others. Exactly the same as the original. When quoting others' words in your own words, you can't take them out of context. When using individual or general factual materials, we should respect their true colors, and we should not exaggerate or narrow the facts, or even quote a number accurately.

Step 3 Choose typical materials

A typical material is the most representative example or material in something. It is not only concrete and individual, but also full of distinctive and unique personality, and at the same time it can reflect the essential characteristics and universal significance of similar things. It is the unity of individuality and * * *, particularity and universality, and it can be "clear at a glance" and "vivid at a glance". Typical materials are not easily available and need to be selected from many available materials.

4. Choose novel and vivid materials

Novel materials first of all, of course, refer to materials that others have never used or commonly used. This little-known material can naturally give people a sense of freshness. Vivid material refers to the expression of the material itself and the author, which is vivid and infectious, thus increasing readers' reading interest and readability of the work. This kind of material refers to concrete and vivid materials. Specific materials have perceptual characteristics, and it is easy to cause readers to fall asleep through association. Because the appearance is vivid, the language without direct image is also vivid; Second, it refers to materials with plots and suspense, which are not only tortuous and vivid, but also can arouse readers' expectation psychology, have strong attraction, and can also bring readers psychological reactions such as surprise, conviction and doubt; Third, it refers to materials that can make readers feel cordial.

Fifth, the thinking ability of layout

Once the central idea is determined, you will know what materials to choose. A new problem in writing is how to arrange these materials to express the theme. Is how to combine and organize the materials. This is the layout. Layout is reflected in form, first of all, the relationship between levels and paragraphs. Since the beginning and end of an article are both levels and paragraphs with special status, transition and care are needed between levels and paragraphs, so the layout should consider not only levels and paragraphs, but also the beginning and end, transition and care.

Abstract logical thinking is mainly used to determine the layout of articles. It generally goes through the following thinking process:

1. complete

Structural integrity is an inevitable requirement of content integrity. The article has a theme and necessary material support, so it must have a complete structural form.

Regarding the wholeness of structure, Aristotle, an ancient Greek thinker, explained this in his Poetics: "By wholeness, I mean that a thing has a head, a middle and an end. You don't need anything to cover your head in front, but something must take over at the back. The middle section should be covered with something in front and something in the back. " There is something in front of the tail beard, and there is no need to take it at the back. He pointed out that as a complete organism, an article must have a head, a tail and a middle section, and each part is in an inevitable position.

In addition, the levels and paragraphs of the article also have their own relative integrity. When conceiving and writing, we must consider it comprehensively and truly achieve structural integrity.

Step 2 be rigorous

The structure of the article is complete and incomplete, which can be said to be the basic requirement. On this basis, the structure of the article is also required to be rigorous, that is, all levels and paragraphs of the article are required to be integrated, and there are inherent and inevitable connections between them, and there can be no contradictions or irrelevant places.

In writing, according to the principle of expressing the theme, materials can be arranged and arranged in one way or another, but the structure should reflect the relationship between materials.

All levels and paragraphs of the article should cooperate with each other but not contradict each other, which is also a sign of rigorous structure.

Step 3 be consistent

The integrity and rigor of the article structure can ensure the integrity and rigor of the content, while the requirement of structural coherence can further strengthen the integrity of the article and make it an organic system.

Consistency is first and foremost a matter of content. There are so-called "turntables" and "ups and downs". These statements have their reasonable side, but later they broke away from the content and became simple requirements, which became shackles that imprisoned thoughts and bound hands and feet. Today should be from the content. J understand the relationship between the theory of "connecting the preceding with the following" and the coherence of the article from the perspective of formal unity. In fact, the so-called "beginning" is the beginning, and a good beginning should bring the following; "bearing" means bearing, which is related to the beginning; "Turn" means transformation, starting from the text, or expanding, or expounding, or comparing, or layout, and so on; "closing" means closing the beam, which boils down to the above, making the whole article round.

The above three points are the thinking ability embodied in the layout. Only when the layout is reasonable can the whole article be compact and impeccable.

If in doubt, please consult the public education enterprises in China.