One of the practical English articles for postgraduate entrance examination: English Memo
A memorandum is an official document recorded as a memorandum. In official correspondence, its rank is relatively low, mainly used to remind and urge the other party, or to put forward their own views or opinions on a certain issue. In business, it is generally used to supplement the lack of formal documents.
(1) Main contents of English memorandum
1, heading
2. Name, title and address of the recipient (name, title and address of the recipient).
Step 3 say hello
4. subjects
Step 5 be healthy
6. Concluding remarks (overall conclusion)
7. Signature
(B) Notes on English Memo Writing
1, the end of the book includes name, address, date of issue, and some also include telegram registration, telex number, telephone number, etc. Many organizations have their own dedicated stationery. When writing a book, its format and punctuation are the same as ordinary letters.
The address is written in the top box on the left. Dear Sir is generally used for the heads of general organs and organizations, and Sir is used for government officials.
3. The format of text, conclusion and signature is the same as that of general letters. The word "reason" was seldom used before.
Second, the second part of postgraduate English practical writing: English abstract
It is a concise summary of the main contents of the article. Americans call it "abstraction" and the British like to call it "generalization". The number of words required by international journals is usually 100 -200 words. Generally, it is placed in front of the article, covering the whole text, and the abstract is generally written in the third person.
(A) English abstract classification
There are two kinds: descriptive and informative. The narrative summary only states the theme of a book or an article, but does not introduce the content. An informative summary should not only introduce the theme, but also introduce the main points and main contents of the article. It can include three components:
(1) Point out the theme and analyze the purpose or intention of the article or book;
(2) Introduce the main contents, so that readers can quickly understand the general situation of articles or books;
③ Put forward conclusions or suggestions for readers' reference.
(B) Common sentence patterns in English abstracts
1) This paper discusses ...
2) This article focuses on the topic (that, you, etc.). ...
3) This course introduces the following knowledge ...
4) This paper discusses ...
5) This paper analyzes ...
6) This paper summarizes ...
7) This paper expounds in detail ...
8) This paper summarizes ...
9) This paper compares ... and summarizes the main findings.
10) This paper discusses the following contents. ...
1 1) This article introduces the latest information in the following aspects. ...
12) This paper introduces the role of chemicals in the following aspects. ...
13) Important topics discussed in this white paper include ...
This article involves ...
15) This article emphasizes that ...
16) This example represents ...
17) This article not only describes ... but also implies. ...
18) This paper holds that ...
19) This paper provides a method. ...
20) This paper introduces a program suitable for analysis ... (%bk%)
(C) the main points of English abstract writing
Before you start writing, you must read the original text carefully, understand the main idea of the original text and grasp the main points.
The length of the abstract is generally one quarter or one fifth of the original text, and the word limit should be observed when reviewing.
Candidates should not copy the original text when making an abstract.
It should be consistent with the original point of view and still be arranged in the logical order of the original text.
⑤ Highlight key points and delete details.
⑥ Simplify clauses and replace long sentences with short ones.
⑦ When checking and revising, candidates should focus on checking whether the main points of the original text are omitted and whether the details are included.
Third, the third part of postgraduate English practical writing: English letters
(a) English letters at the beginning and end of the common language
Dear sir, dear lady, dear president, dear sales manager, dear dean and dear professor, to the relevant personnel: dear Mr. Smith.
2. Ending: Your loyalty, your sincerity, your sincerity, best wishes, lovely yours and sincere yours.
3. The first sentence of the text
First, friends:
Hi! How are you?
Hello! I hope everything is all right.
Hi! Is everything all right?
B. if you don't know:
From June 25th to 28th, I was a guest of your hotel.
I'm a student in your school and took a computer course.
C. thank you:
Thank you for inviting me to attend the international medical conference on1October 1 1.
Thank you for your letter of1October 1 1.
D, explain the reasons for writing:
I am writing to inform you that my credit card has been lost.
I want to ask about the details of the course.
I am writing this letter to complain about the poor service in your restaurant.
4. The last paragraph
First, send a request:
I look forward to your prompt reply.
Please reply to us as soon as possible.
B. apologize:
Again, I apologize for the inconvenience caused.
Please accept my apology again.
C. filing a complaint:
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Please deal with this matter at once. (%bk%)
(B) Introduction to the writing of nine commonly used English letters
1, letter of complaint
A beginning: introduce yourself, explain the contents of the complaint, and indicate the purpose and requirements of this letter.
B. text: explain the situation, clarify the interests and analyze the advantages and disadvantages. Tell the other person about your injury or inconvenience, and put forward suggestions to solve the problem, indicating how you want to deal with it.
C. conclusion: express a strong desire to solve the problem quickly and properly. I hope to get a satisfactory answer as soon as possible.
D. common sentence patterns:
I'm writing to you to complain …
I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with ...
I request your attention to the fact that ...
I want to mention to you an incident that happened in …, and some remedial measures need to be taken.
I regret to inform you that …
Find … I am completely/completely disappointed/depressed.
I find ... terrible/quite distressing.
My experience in ... (date) shocked me. I can hardly stand it.
... there are some problems that I want to draw your attention to. On the one hand, there is …, on the other hand, … ..
I can hardly stand it any longer.
In order to improve the situation/solve the above problems, I suggest you take the following measures: …
I look forward to the day when we can really enjoy more efficient service.
I hope the above situation can be improved as soon as possible.
If it can't be solved properly, I will ask you to give me my money back, otherwise I will complain to the consumer association.
I ask you to solve this problem as soon as possible.
2. Consultation letter, request letter and explanation letter
A, the beginning: briefly inform the identity, explain the writing reasons or requirements.
B text: specify the specific contents of the inquiry and request, and the information to be obtained. The explanatory letter should state the reasons, facts and what you want the other party to do. Emphasize the importance of the required information/help (as needed).
C. Conclusion: Thank you and hope to get the reply, help or cooperation from the other party.
D. common sentence patterns:
I want to ask some information about ...
I am writing in the hope that you can …
I'm writing because I want to …
Needless to say, your approval of my request is not only beneficial to myself, but also to the company.
Can you tell me what I should do to …
Sincerely ask you ...
My first question is ...
Please let me know if I need to send more materials.
Please let me know as soon as possible if you need more information. Should I send you a copy of my qualification certificate in advance?
I would appreciate it if you could let me know the procedures I have to go through.
I would appreciate it if you could pay attention to my inquiry in time.
Please give me some valuable advice that will help me make a final decision.
I look forward to getting a satisfactory answer at your earliest convenience.
3. Letter of apology
A, the beginning: briefly explain the content of the apology.
B. Text: Explain the causes of the incident and eliminate misunderstandings or contradictions.
C conclusion: express regret again and make suggestions or arrangements.
D. common sentence patterns:
I must apologize to you for …
I'm so sorry ..
I regret to inform you that I can't …
I'm afraid what I have done has caused you a lot of inconvenience.
I sincerely hope you can understand that I didn't mean to offend you
I believe you can understand that I didn't mean to hurt you.
I owe you an apology.
This is my fault.
I am to blame for this unpleasant thing.
Please forgive me.
I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.
I will try my best not to make such stupid mistakes again.
I believe that the settlement of this matter will meet your wishes.
I hope you can forgive my negligence.
I'm sorry to have caused you so much trouble. (%bk%)
4. Thank you letter
A. at the beginning: express your gratitude and mention the help you got.
B text: recall help, speak highly of/praise each other, and express feelings at that time.
C. Conclusion: Thank you again and hope to return.
D. common sentence patterns:
I appreciate you ...
I really appreciate your help.
I will always thank you for your help.
I am writing this letter to thank you for your help during my stay in hospital.
It's thoughtful and generous of you to send me such a beautiful and unique gift.
judgmatic
It is very kind of you to help us.
I hope you can know how much I appreciate your warm hospitality and your many help.
But for your help, I wouldn't have. ..
Without your timely help, I'm afraid ..
Sincerely thank ...
Each of us expresses our thanks and best wishes to you.
I would like to express my warm thanks to you again.
If there is an opportunity, I will be glad to repay your help.
5. Invitation letter
A, the beginning: come straight to the point and explain the purpose.
B text: the content of the invitation (nature, location, time and date of the event), relevant requirements and hopes.
C. conclusion: reiterate the importance of the other party's participation and hope to reply as soon as possible.
D. common sentence patterns:
I will be very happy if you can come to our party on Friday 15 at 6 pm.
I am pleased to invite you to attend the … in … to …. ..
I feel very honored if you can. ..
I am very happy/honored to invite you to …
We would be honored if you could come …
I am writing to invite you …
I am particularly eager for you to join us.
I haven't had the pleasure of meeting you for a long time. I really hope you can come.
We hope you can come and look forward to seeing you.
I will pay all related expenses.
6. Cover letter
A, the beginning: explain the source of information and the purpose of writing.
B. text: provide personal information and ask relevant questions.
C. conclusion: express your wishes, provide contact information and express your gratitude.
D. common sentence patterns:
I saw your advertisement in ………………………………………………………………………….
I'd like to apply for the position you advertised in yesterday's newspaper.
I want to apply for a position in your company.
I like this job very much, and I think my personality is very suitable for being a …
Honest, trustworthy, reliable, enthusiastic, diligent, intelligent, careful, patient, responsible, efficient, versatile, open-minded and optimistic.
I believe that my experience and ability will show you that I can meet the special requirements of your position.
I was born in ... and graduated from ... University, majoring in ... I have been working in ... since graduation, so I have gained considerable knowledge and experience in this field.
After graduation, my first job was … The next job was … Now I am working for …
In order to get more challenging opportunities, I intend to give up my current position.
With my accumulated experience, I hope my salary is not less than 4000 pounds.
I would appreciate it if you could give me an interview.
I look forward to receiving your letter about my application as soon as possible with great interest.
7. Letter of recommendation
A, the beginning: cut to the chase and show the relationship.
B. body: praise the recommended person and objectively introduce their relevant abilities.
C. conclusion: make a promise, express hope and express gratitude.
D. common sentence patterns:
I am pleased to recommend Mr./Ms., one of my former students, to you as a candidate for …
I am writing to recommend …
I am pleased to provide a letter of recommendation for Mr./Ms. …
Regarding the position you advertised, I am glad to say that he is just the person you are looking for.
Facts have proved that he is diligent, responsible and skilled in carrying out his tasks.
Apart from being completely honest and reliable, he also showed unusual agility and ability in ...
I hope the above information can help you understand …
Please don't hesitate to contact me if you need any further information about his qualifications.
Please don't hesitate to let me know/contact me if you need further information about him/her.
In view of his/her previous achievements in …, I firmly believe that … will become a successful graduate student/employee.
I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestion and give him a job.
8. Letters of commendation
First, the beginning: identity profile, refers to grateful people.
B, text: describe the process, introduce in detail what is worthy of praise, and express feelings.
C. conclusion: offer wishes and hopes.
D. common sentence patterns:
I am writing to tell you how highly I think of ...
I am writing because I am very grateful to Mr./Ms. of your company for everything.
What impressed me deeply was that …
What he did showed that ...
What he has done deserves praise.
I am deeply inspired by ...
It is your good service and delicious food that have helped you build a world reputation.
For this reason, I am writing to express my heartfelt thanks and hope that your company will have a brighter future.
9. congratulatory letter
A, the beginning: come straight to the point and explain the source of the news.
B. body: review the past, express feelings, look forward to the future and make suggestions.
C. conclusion: express your wishes.
D. common sentence patterns:
What exciting/exciting news!
This is good news/sensational news.
I am glad/excited to hear/receive the news of ...
This is the happiest news I have heard for a long time.
I congratulate you on your success.
Congratulations and best wishes.
Please accept my heartiest congratulations on …
Allow me to congratulate you ...
We want you to know how happy we are when …
Learning gives me great happiness …
May you have all the happiness in the world.
I hope you have nothing in your life/career but happiness.
Good luck!
Good luck!