1, people-oriented

"The people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light" means that the people are the first, the country is the second, and the monarch is the last. Mencius believed that monarchs should take care of the people first and politicians should protect their rights.

Step 2 be kind

Mencius' thought of benevolent governance is mainly manifested in two aspects: nurturing and educating people, and reasonably solving basic problems such as land, food, clothing and education land, among which land is the most important.

Mencius believed that when collecting labor, the rulers took "not violating the farming season" as the premise, and at the same time opposed the indiscriminate harvesting and logging. "If they don't violate the farming season, the grain can't win food." Countless fish and turtles can't win food; Ponds, fish and turtles can't beat food.

3. Wang Dao?

"King" is the highest ideal of national politics put forward by Mencius. Does Mencius think that people-oriented benevolent government can be realized? It is related to whether the goal of "Wang" can be achieved. ? Mencius called it "the king", that is, "the king of governing the country by virtue". He took Shang Tang and Zhou Wenwang as examples of kingliness: "If you bully the king with benevolence and righteousness, there will be a big country;" The king of Deren, the king is not big, the soup is 70 miles, and the king of Wen is 100 miles.

4, the theory of good nature

People on earth are good at living. Sexual similarity, familiarity? It's far. In Mencius' thought, the theory of good nature is the basis of his ethical and political thought. I lift my noble soul. Mencius believes that the difference between human nature and animal nature lies in that people have morality, that is, people are born with moral qualities such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom.

People have an innate ability to do good, that is, "conscience", "good ability" and "those who can do what they don't learn will have good ability; People who know what they don't care about have a conscience. ?

Mencius said: "Richness and wealth can't be lewd, poverty and lowliness can't be moved, and powerful people can't be bent." This is called a gentleman. " Mencius said: "As for a gentleman, he should live in the widest house in the world, stand in the most correct position in the world and walk on the brightest road in the world.

When you succeed, you will advance with the people. When you are unsuccessful, you will stick to your principles alone. Wealth can't make me arrogant and extravagant, poverty can't make me change my moral integrity, and power can't make me succumb to my will. This is called a gentleman! "

Extended data:

A Brief Introduction to Mencius and His Life

Mencius: Mingke was a famous thinker and educator in the Warring States Period. He is a representative of the Confucian school after Confucius, and he is also called "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius, also known as "sage". Mencius lived in the mid-Warring States period, when the annexation war was fierce. Social unrest, people's lives are very painful.

He advocated "benevolent government" to unify the world. He first put forward the idea of "the people are wise to the monarch" and advocated "benevolent government" and "kingly way". I lobbied Liang, Qi and other vassal States, but it was useless. After he retired, he wrote books with his disciples Zhang Wan and Gong Sunchou.

Introduction to Mencius

Mencius is one of the classic works of Confucianism, which records the words and deeds, political opinions, philosophical opinions, personal cultivation, ethics and other ideological views and political activities of Mencius and his disciples. * * * Seven articles, co-authored by Mencius and his disciple Zhang Wan.

It is also called four books with The Analects of Confucius and The Doctrine of the Mean. Mencius' articles are eloquent, magnificent, good at argumentation and making good use of metaphors and fables. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu He called Mencius, The Analects of Confucius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean four books. From this to the late Qing Dynasty, "Four Books" has been a compulsory subject in the imperial examination.

Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius