For more than 0/000 years BC, China Shang Dynasty brass cymbals had nine out of twelve tones, and had the concept of a fifth harmonic interval.
65438 BC+0000 BC ~ 900 BC. According to Zhuangzi Xu Wugui, its vibration frequency is the same.
In the 4th century BC, Aristotle, a Greek, explained the lever principle in On Heaven, and proposed that heavy objects are lighter than things.
drop rapidly
China Mo Zhai and his disciples explained the concept of force, lever balance and classified motion.
In the 3rd century BC, Archimedes of Greece established the basic principles of statics and hydrostatics.
Around AD 100, booksellers put forward the idea of perpetual motion machine, but people didn't know, and people didn't know where the ship was.
Argument of movement
In A.D. 132, Zhang Heng made a seismograph, in which the inverted "single column" can measure the focal direction.
From 59/KLOC-0 to 599, Zhao Zhouqiao was built by Li Chun, a craftsman of Sui Dynasty, with a shallow arch structure and a span of 37.4 meters.
Around the year 1000, Avicenna calculated the driving force transmitted to objects.
Biruni thought that the orbits of planets might be elliptical rather than circular.
In A.D. 1088, Shen Kuo recorded string vibration with frequency of one to two in Mengqian Bitan.
A.D. 1092. Su Song and Han Gonglian made a water platform.
In A.D. 1 103, Li Jie pointed out in Architectural French that the optimum width-to-thickness ratio of beam section is 3:2.
Around 1500, Leonardo da Vinci discussed lever balance and free fall, and made experiments and studies on the tensile strength of iron wire.
Bird wing movement, two kinds of aircraft are designed to realize the function of air drag and resistance.
1586 S Steven's parallelogram argument rule. He and de grotte did a fall experiment,
Deny Aristotle's view that light objects and heavy objects fall at different speeds.
Galileo made a falling experiment at 1589 ~ 159 1, and later pointed out the falling height and time square of the object at 1604.
It is proportional, and the falling speed has nothing to do with the weight.
1609, Galileo used the inclined plane method to measure the acceleration of gravity.
1632, J. Kepler published the first and second laws about planetary motion in New Astronomy.
; In the same book, the Latin mole is used to express quality; He was published in Cosmic Harmony.
On the Third Law of Planetary Motion
A.D. 1636 Galileo's Dialogue between Ptolemy and Copernicus was published.
1637 M. Mei Sen measured the sound speed and vibration frequency and put forward the theory of musical instruments. He introduced Robert to a kind of
Balance condition of balance
1638 Song Ying Xing's Heavenly Creations was published.
Galileo published "On Two New Scientific and Mathematical Proves" to systematically introduce cantilever beams,
The free-falling body moves at a low speed, and the resistance of the object is proportional to the speed, and the object is thrown and vibrated.
Isomechanical problem
AD 1644 E. Torricelli found that when an object is in equilibrium, the center of gravity is at the lowest position.
A.D. 1653 B. Pascal pointed out that the liquid in the container can transmit pressure.
In 1660, R. Hook did an experiment on the relationship between spring stress and elongation. 1676, expressing power and strength in the form of crossword puzzles.
The experimental results of proportional elongation were officially announced in 1678.
In 1673, C. Huygens put forward the centripetal pendulum, centrifugal pendulum, moment of inertia pendulum and compound pendulum in pendulum theory.
Concepts such as dynamic center.
In AD 1680, Edm Edme Mariotte discovered the law of elasticity from the bending test of beams.
A.D. 1687 I Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was published, which systematically summarized the three laws of object motion.
And formally put forward the law of universal gravitation; The book also gives the viscosity law of fluid and the formula of sound velocity.
Page (abbreviation of page) Varinon gave the moment theorem.
A.D.1699 g. Amonton discovered the law of friction.
A.D. 17 17 John the First Bernoulli made a general statement on the principle of virtual displacement.
A.D. 1726 Newton derived the formula of motion resistance of an object in fluid by the method of particle dynamics.
In A.D. 1736, L. Euler published "Analysis and Interpretation of Mechanics or Sports Science", and applied integral calculus to transportation for the first time.
Animal mechanics
In A.D. 1738, Daniel I Bernoulli wrote in Fluid Mechanics that the explanation of force and motion in fluid.
Firstly, the word fluid mechanics is used to give the relationship between pressure and velocity when incompressible fluid moves.
In 1743, J. Le D'Alembert proposed the dynamics principle of constrained particles in dynamics.
In A.D. 1744, P-L.M. de Maboti put forward the principle of minimum action.
After 1752, D'Alembert put forward the paradox that the fluid resistance of an object is zero.
In A.D. 1755, Euler put forward an ideal hydrodynamic equation.
In A.D. 1758, Euler put forward the dynamic equation of rigid body.
In AD 1765, Euler deduced the kinematics equation of rigid body.
A.D. 1773 C.-A. De Coulomb published the research results of beam bending theory and maximum shear stress yield criterion.
1777 J.-L. Lagrange put forward the concepts of gravitational potential and velocity potential.
A.D. 178 1 Coulomb put forward and applied the law of friction.
A.D.1782 p.-S. Laplace obtained the differential equation satisfied by the gravitational potential.
A.D. 1784 Coulomb measured electromagnetic force with a torsion balance, determined the relationship between conductor torque and rotation angle, and established the relationship between electrostatic force and rotation angle.
Inverse square law of Distance
1784 G Atwood measured the acceleration of gravity by hanging objects on both sides of the pulley.
A.D. 1788 Lagrange published analytical mechanics.
1798 H. cavendish used a torsion balance to measure the gravitational constant.
1799, published by laplace's celestial mechanics.
A d 1803 L. panso put forward the concept and theory of even.
A.D.1807 T. Yang's Lectures on Natural Philosophy and Mechanical Technology was published, and the concept of elastic modulus of materials was put forward.
It is proved that shear is an elastic deformation, and the concept of energy is put forward.
In A.D. 1808, Yang deduced the formula of pulse wave propagation velocity by mechanical method.
1812 S.-D. Poisson deduced the gravitational potential equation inside the object.
A.D.1821C.-L.-M.-H. Naville obtained incompressible fluid and isotropic elasticity by using discrete molecular model.
Differential equation of solid motion
In 1823 A.-L Cauchy, the basic equations of equilibrium and motion of elastic solid with two elastic constants are established, and the following equations are given.
Precise definition of stress and strain
In A.D. 1826, Navid put forward the idea of displacement method in elasticity.
In A.D. 1828, Poisson pointed out that longitudinal waves and transverse waves can propagate in elastic media, and deduced the transverse contraction ratio (Poisson
Ratio) is 1/4 (published in 1829).
In 1829, Poisson derived the equation of motion containing the viscous constitutive relation of compressible fluid (published in 183 1).
C.f. gauss put forward the principle of minimum constraint in mechanics.
A.D. 1830 M. Xia Lai proved that the displacement of a rigid body is equal to the composition of translation and rotation.
1834 W.R Hamilton established the variational principle and canonical equation of classical mechanics.
The phenomenon of tensile creep was found in the length Vicat.
A.D. 1835 G.G Coriolis pointed out that there is a compound centrifugal force in the rotating reference system, which was proved in 1843.
In A.D. 1837, G. Green put forward the concept of elastic potential, pointing out that general matter has 2 1 elastic constant.
C.G. J Jacoby established a theorem for solving Hamiltonian canonical equations.
The basic thermoelastic equation was deduced by J.M.C Duhame in 1838 and independently obtained by F.E. Neumann in 184 1.
The same result
In A.D. 1839, G.H.L Hagen obtained the relationship between flow and pressure drop, pipe diameter, etc. In the pipe flow experiment. 1840 ~ 184 1 year
The paper published by Marie Poi also got the same experimental results.
A.J.C.B.de Saint-Venant listed the basic equations of viscous incompressible fluid motion in A.D. 1843.
In 1844, Stokes derived the basic equation of viscous fluid motion, namely Naville-Stokes equation (1845
Published in)
A.D.1846 J.C. Adams predicted the position of Neptune by using the calculation results of classical mechanics.
A.D. 1847 Stokes studied gravity nonlinear waves in deep water by perturbation method. It has been suggested that it may exist in a complete fluid.
Cross section between velocities
A.D.1850g.R. Kirchhoff gave a hypothesis about thin plates, which was revised by A. Carabus in 1862.
AD 185 1 Stokes pointed out that the fluid resistance of a slow-moving ball is directly proportional to the speed of the ball.
J.-B.-L. Foucault demonstrated the rotation of the earth with the rotation of the pendulum.
A.D. 1852. Magnus confirmed the lateral force effect of the rotating projectile-Magnus effect.
In 1853, W. J.M Rankin proposed a relatively complete energy conservation theorem.
In A.D. 1855, Saint Venan put forward the principle that the equilibrium force system in elasticity only causes local stress effect. Use semi-inverse
Solution of torsion problem
In A.D. 1856, H.-P.-G. Darcy published the law of seepage.
Saint-Venant used semi-inverse method to solve bending problems.
A.D. 1857 Rankin put forward the stress analysis of particle limit equilibrium.
A.D.1858 W., translated by Li, published Re-learning.
H von Helmholtz put forward the law of conservation of vortex strength.
A.D.1862 g.r. Airy used stress function method to solve elastic mechanics problems.
A.D.1864 J.C. Maxwell put forward the displacement reciprocity theorem and the unit load method.
A.D. 1864 ~ 1872 H. tresca made a solid plastic flow experiment, and put forward the maximum shear stress yield condition and.
The two most
Ordinary yield limit
In 1869, Rankin gave the relationship between the state equations before and after the shock wave (published in1870); 1887 hours Xugong
Niuyegei
For the same reason
A.D. 1870 Saint-Venant put forward the theory of plastic increment and gave the rigid-plastic stress-strain relationship.
The first wind tunnel was designed and built in Wynam in 187 1 year.
A.D. 1872 E Betty established the reciprocal theorem of work.
Cremona pointed out the relationship between the truss shape diagram and the internal force diagram.
W. Froude pointed out the mechanism of fluid momentum transfer by friction; Establish a ship model test base in Tuoji
A.D. 1873 Rayleigh gave a method to approximate the natural frequency of elastic vibration-Rayleigh principle.
1874, H. Aron extended the Kirchhoff hypothesis in thin plate foundation theory to shells, which was developed by A. E. in 1888.
H. love has modified it.
A.D.1876 E.J. Laosi simplified Lagrange equation with cyclic coordinates.
A d1877 j v busenesk put forward the hypothesis that the stress of two-dimensional turbulence is proportional to the average velocity gradient.
Lao Si put forward the mathematical theory of motion stability.
In 1877 ~ 1878, Rayleigh systematically summarizes the research on acoustic and elastic vibration in acoustic theory.
fruit
In 1878, H. Lamb summarized the achievements of classical fluid mechanics in the mathematical theory of fluid motion.
F. Crotti proposed a theorem for calculating the displacement of elastic bodies, which was later independently proposed by F. Nguese.
It's called Crotti-Engeser theorem.
In 65438+early 1980s, Berthelot and Vier discovered the phenomenon of detonation.
The formula of elastic contact problem is derived from 188 1 year H. R. Hertz.
1882 O. Moore put forward the stress circle-Mohr circle.
1883 O. Reynolds discovered the law of dynamic similarity in flow and put forward the dimensionless ratio-Reynolds number.
E. Mach's History of General Criticism of Mechanics was published.
C.G.P.de Laval uses a pipe -pull which can generate supersonic airflow in a steam turbine.
Valve tube
Since A.D. 1887, E. Mach has done experiments of projectiles flying at supersonic speed in the air.
A.D. 1888 св. Kovalevskaya obtained a new integrable case about the rotation of a rigid body around a fixed point.
1889, Efou began to measure the difference between inertial mass and gravitational mass, which lasted nearly 33 years.
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A.D.1894 J. Finger put forward the finite deformation theory of elastic body.
South Dunkerley gave an approximate calculation method of fundamental frequency of elastic vibration.
A.D. 1895 Reynolds gave the basic equation of turbulence.
1896 C. A Parsons built a water tunnel in England.
1897 ив Michelsky gave the differential equation of motion of a variable mass particle.
South Arrhenius brought quantitative results of electrohydrodynamic phenomena.
к. tsiolkovsky deduced the formula of rocket speed and pointed out that the way to realize space flight is
Using multi-stage rockets
A.D.1898 g Kirsch discovered the phenomenon of stress concentration near a circular hole.
A.D. 1899 D.L. Chapman and A.D. 1905 E. Rugai respectively explained the detonation phenomenon.
At the end of 65438+90' s, Weiye studied the explosion problem in the mine with the equipment now called shock tube.
In a.d. 1900, H. Beenaert discovered the flow field of cell structure in the thermal convection experiment.
Moore's modified maximum tensile stress intensity theory
In A.D. 190 1 and 1905, J. H. Michel published the solutions of bending and torsion problems with variable cross-section in elasticity.
A.D. 1902 found cavitation on the propeller of a ship.
M.W. Kutta put forward the circulation theory of wing lift; 1906 не. Proposed by zhukovsky.
The same theory
Zhukovsky built a wind tunnel at Moscow University.
1904, Whitaker summarized the achievements of classical mechanics in analytical dynamics.
Length prandtl put forward the theory of fluid boundary layer.
M (short for meter) Hubert put forward the fourth theory of strength.
A.D.1905 V. Volterrati's General Theory of Dislocation.
In A.D. 1906, Pelant built a supersonic wind tunnel in G? ttingen with Mach number of 1.5.
A.D.1907 ~1908F.W. Lanchester gave two-dimensional and three-dimensional wing circulation theories.
A.D.1908 W. Ritz proposed an approximate method for solving elastic problems, which was later called Rayleigh-Ritz method.
law
A.D.1909 g.k.w. Hamel axiomatized the basic principles of mechanics.
гв. Kolosov applied the method of complex variable function in elasticity.
A.D. 19 10 G.I Taylor pointed out the internal structure of the shock wave.
Kolosov solved the problem of stress concentration near the elliptical hole.
1911~1912t. Von Kamen proved the stability of vortex street in cylindrical wake.
In the yield condition theory of maximum deformation specific energy and plastic increment given by Mises in 19 13,
Three-dimensional constitutive relation
A.D. 19 13 and 19 15 иг. Bunov and I'm sorry. Galerkin raised questions about elastic displacement and stress.
An approximate calculation method-BuBonov-Galerkin method is proposed.
A.D.1913 ~1918 seeder put forward the theory of thread lifting and the theory of minimum induced resistance.
A.D. 19 14 A. bendiksen proposed the slope-deflection method in structural mechanics.
E.Herlinger put forward the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in elasticity.
A.D.1915s.ptimoshenko solved the elastic stability problem of stiffened plates by energy method.
Griffith analyzed the crack problem from the point of view of energy.
In 1923, Taylor proposed and solved the problem of flow stability between two coaxial cylinders (1938).
Category equation
A.D.1924 H. Hench put forward the theory of total plastic.
A.D. 1925 J. Akelet established the supersonic lift and drag theory of two-dimensional linearized wing.
Plante put forward the theory of turbulent mixing length
A.D. 1927 аа. Andlau Noff pointed out that there is a gap between the self-excited vibration of Vanderbilt and the limit cycle of H. Poincare.
Relationship between
In 1930s, Muskhelishvili developed the complex function method of elasticity.
The development of shell theory. Vlasov (1932), L.H. Downer (1933).
K. Magri (1938), Mouche Tully
Theory of turbulence's statistical theory has been developed. Taylor, Carmen, Zhou Peiyuan, J.M.Bo.
Gus and others put forward various theoretical models.
H. Cross put forward the moment distribution method of rigid frame structure analysis in 1930 (published in 1932).
Donna found plastic waves.
Plante and Grau gave the theory of two-dimensional linear correction for supersonic wings.
A d1932 h brecht put forward the elastic-plastic stability theory of simple truss.
K Hornemzel and praeger developed the constitutive relation of plastic dynamics.
The vibration theory of A.D. 1937 was put forward by Andlau Novo, krylov and H.H. Bogoliubov.
"Nonlinear Mechanics" was published, and the two books summarized the qualitative and quantitative research results of nonlinear vibration problems.
A.V Hill put forward a mechanical model of muscle contraction in 1938.
C.V Lucec proposed a deformation distribution method for analyzing rigid frame structures.
A.D. 1939 Carmen and Qian Xuesen founded the nonlinear stability theory of shells.
In the 1940s, Taylor put forward the incompressible fluid model in the armor-piercing theory.
1940, J. L Singh and Qian Weichang put forward the eigen theory of elastic plates and shells.
A.D.1940 ~1943 яб. Zeldovich, J.von Neumann and W. Turin developed the detonation theory.
A turbulence model with local uniformity is proposed in1941a.h. kolmogorov.
In A.D. 1942, S. E Buckley and M.C. Leverett obtained the solution of one-dimensional seepage problem of two-phase liquid.
Alvin discovered electromagnetic hydrodynamic waves.
1944, Carmen, Taylor and X.A. Rakhmatulin independently established the propagation theory of plastic waves.
лд Landau proposed a model of the transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow.
Lin Jiaqiao solved some mathematical problems of fluid motion stability.
Vlasov put forward the approximate theory of shallow shells.
A d 1945 M Lena put forward the theory of nonlinear viscous fluid.
In A.D. 1946, Qian Xuesen and Guo Yonghuai proposed the similarity law in hypersonic flow.
R.t· Jones put forward the theory of wing with small aspect ratio.
In A.D. 1947, praeger and Singh proposed the hypercircle method.
K weissenberg discovered the phenomenon that the rotating viscoelastic fluid climbs towards the central axis.
Wiener created cybernetics.
1948, A. L copley put forward the term "biorheology".
R. for any form of energy storage function in nonlinear elasticity, S rivlin has obtained certain accuracy.
solve
Noun (abbreviation of Noun) F. Mott's concept of crack growth limit speed.
C. M. Feinberg gave the upper and lower bounds in limit design.
Around 1950, вв sokolovski and L.E. malvin developed the viscoplastic theory.
In 1950s, the mechanical forming of composite materials.
The finite element method has been applied in solid mechanics.
In 1950, H. Resner proposed the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in elasticity.
J.G Oldroyd put forward the principle that the constitutive relation of matter should be independent of coordinates.
Morrison gave the wave force formula of ocean structures.
Chandraseka applied theory of turbulence to study magnetohydrodynamics.
A.D.1952 M.J. Lighthill proposed an aerodynamic sound field model.
вг. Levich founded physical and chemical fluid dynamics.
Wu Zhonghua put forward the three-dimensional flow theory of turbomachinery.
In A.D. 1952, the major of mechanics was established in Peking University, and the major of mechanics was established in universities in China.
Around AD 1953, Guo Yonghuai developed the Poincare-Lighthill method in the theory of high-speed boundary layer (later
Singular perturbation method)
A.D. 1954 China built a towing tank in Shanghai.
In 1955, Jin Jiu Kuichiro proposed three kinds of variational principles in elasticity.
Put forward the same principle
From the 1950s to the early 1960s, China Academy of Sciences established a special mechanical research institution: Engineering.
Institute of Mechanics (1953), China Institute of Shipbuilding Industry Mechanics (1956).
Institute of Science (1956), Lanzhou Laboratory of Seepage Mechanics
(1960) and Wuhan institute of rock and soil mechanics (1962)
Electrofluid mechanics, rock mechanics and fracture mechanics began to take shape.
A.D. 1956 W. T. Coit proved the maneuver stability theorem in plastic mechanics.
R Tu Ping established the static theory of elastic dielectric with finite deformation.
China theoretical and applied mechanics Institution was founded on 1957.
G. R owen put forward the concept of stress intensity factor.
A.D. 1957 ~ 1960 B.D. Culemann and Noel put forward the theory of continuum thermodynamics and the theory of memory decaying materials.
theory
A.D.1958 W. Noel published the mathematical theory of mechanical behavior of continuum, that is, the axiomatic system of simple materials.
Prototype of
In the late 1950s, Qian Xuesen founded physical mechanics.
With the development of fracture mechanics in 1960s, Owen put forward the elastic-plastic fracture theory, A.A. Wells et al.
Put forward the mode of cash on delivery (1963),
Rice proposed □ integral (1968)
Feng Yuanzhen and others laid the foundation for the formation of biomechanics.
A. D.1961J. F. Davidson put forward a bubble model of fluidized bed.
Praeger put forward two-dimensional and three-dimensional plastic limit analysis theory.
A. D. 1962 M. Stein put forward the nonlinear buckling theory of shells.
In A.D. 1963, E.N Lorenz found an irregular solution (i.e. chaotic solution) in deterministic dynamic system. analyse
Establishment of cam theorem in mechanic
1965, an experimental pond with a length of 474 meters was built in Wuxi.
Bifurcation, chaos and strange attractors with inherent randomness in nonlinear dynamical systems in 1970s.
Theory such as rapid development.
A. D. 1974 G. Brown and A. Roshko found the coherent structure in the turbulence experiment.