1 On how to create a relaxed Chinese classroom atmosphere

Good classroom atmosphere refers to teacher-student relationship, tl, theory compatibility, emotional harmony and equal cooperation. Tk, the neo-Confucianists believe that accumulated emotions (that is, happiness) can increase students' interest in learning, make them quick-witted and good at thinking, and thus accept knowledge more easily. Generated wisdom, generate shows the vitality of Chinese classroom, so as to develop intelligence, cultivate sentiment and optimize teaching effect. Therefore, the new curriculum standard emphasizes that students should study happily.

Creating a democratic, relaxed, harmonious and rich classroom atmosphere is the premise of stimulating learning interest and activating the classroom. The new curriculum standard emphasizes that teachers should change from instructors to promoters and from managers to guides. Teachers should abandon the old concept of "dignity as a teacher", create a relaxed and good learning atmosphere for students, establish an accepting and tolerant classroom atmosphere, and form a "learning * * * unity" of mutual teaching and learning, respect students' learning experience, let students boldly question, express their opinions and debate with teachers freely. Only in this relaxed teaching environment can students delve into problems with a happy mood, start thinking and gallop their imagination.

The new curriculum standard requires teachers to create a rich teaching environment, stimulate students' learning motivation and cultivate students' interest in learning.

A relaxed, harmonious and interesting method

Chinese classroom should embody humanistic characteristics. Creating a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere of democracy and equality is an important task of curriculum reform. Teachers and students should be equal partners, and should respect, trust and cooperate with each other. Only in this classroom atmosphere can teachers and students form a dialogue platform for interactive communication, and students can exert their imagination easily, enthusiastically and interestingly, enter Chinese learning in the best state, and glow the unique vitality of Chinese classroom.

A relaxed and harmonious classroom atmosphere is conducive to establishing a good teacher-student relationship and will play an important role in teacher-student communication. When teaching the article "lev tolstoy", students could not understand Tolstoy's eyes. The article wrote, "This is magic and magnetism for jewelry. It can suck in the substances in the world and then radiate accurate frequency waves to our times." The author quoted The Journey to the West, who the students were watching, to arouse their interest: "Can Tolstoy's eyes suck in the material in the world like the old man's gourd and Jinjiao, the king of Jinjiao and the king of Yin angle?" After being rejected in unison, the author asked, "Can my eyes suck Chinese books in?" The student answered "no" and the author solemnly said, "I said I can! I can remember the contents of this book in my mind through my eyes. " Looking at the author's gestures of "grabbing" and "blocking", the students will laugh. Then the author pointed to his eyes with one hand and pointed to the class representative with the other: "Can my eyes suck Lu Wanmin in?" The students happily replied: "Yes!" "Yes, I know through my eyes that she is a studious, intelligent and responsible girl." Then use the evaluation of two students to make students understand what "releasing accurate frequency waves" means. Finally, in a relaxed and happy atmosphere, the students naturally summed up their understanding of this sentence until the bell rang. Educator Tao Xingzhi once pointed out clearly: "Democracy is the best condition for creation." Only in a democratic, equal, relaxed and harmonious atmosphere can creativity be developed and students actively participate in teaching. The answer of Chinese is colorful, the charm of Chinese is here, and the vitality of Chinese classroom is here. The answer to the same question may be varied and colorful because of the differences in students' life experience, knowledge literacy and psychological state. This is the expression of creativity, and it is exactly what we should care for and cultivate. Teachers should put down the dignity of obedience, respect students' personality and individuality, establish a new relationship between teachers and students in democratic exchange teaching, give students more time and space to expand their imagination, and give students more opportunities and freedom to express their opinions; Attach importance to the methods of creating the atmosphere of Chinese classroom teaching

Students have different ideas, especially teachers' different opinions; Encourage students to be indomitable to teachers, not superstitious about authority, not blindly following textbooks, and dare to say "I think". Students' free participation in free expression in unfettered free space can often produce relaxed, novel and pleasant psychological experience, and their interest in learning is high, thus inducing potential creative intelligence, stimulating the generation of creativity and showing the infinite vitality of Chinese classroom.

2. Praise, appreciate and stimulate interest.

The most ardent need of human nature is to be appreciated. Old teachers should pay attention to every progress of students' growth, help students find themselves and affirm themselves. "Good children are boastful." Yan Yuan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, also said: "It is better to win an award once." This is the incentive function of praise and appreciation. Appreciation is cheap and priceless. Applause from classmates, praise from teachers and small prizes are the source of strength for students to succeed. In class, the author uses many ways of praise: or in a favorable tone-"You speak very well!" " "Your idea is great!" "You think image power is really rich!" ; Or use a friendly gesture-pat on the shoulder, gently nod and smile? 6? 8? 6? In each class, the author appreciates students as much as possible, not just one or two, but a group of students, even the whole class; This is not a hypocritical response, but a real response. With the appreciation of this "addition", students can often feel the joy of success and learning, and the classroom atmosphere is active and the learning effect is good. It can be said that creativity, interest in learning, motivated students and distinctive students are all appreciated. Through appreciation, the relationship between teachers and students is harmonious, the classroom atmosphere is active, and creative enthusiasm is stimulated, which plays a very obvious role in promoting students' learning quality and ability development. In the teaching process, teachers should not only appreciate students' mastery of knowledge and improvement of ability, but also appreciate students' excellent performance in learning process and methods, and also appreciate students' positive performance in emotional attitude and values. Suhomlinski reminded us educators: "Please remember that the happiness of success is a great spiritual strength, which can promote children's desire to study hard."

3. Listen carefully to exciting methods

In traditional classroom teaching, the teacher holds the "discourse hegemony", and students can only be treated as containers, waiting for the teacher to pour things into them. As a result, the gardener's hard work often stifles the students' nature, and the "engineer of human soul" makes our students become the standard parts of unified mode casting. The new curriculum standard puts forward that teachers should listen to students' speeches more. The author believes that students "talk" and teachers "listen". There are three advantages: first, teachers can better understand students through "listening". Through "listening", the author is often impressed by students' imagination, unique and profound insights and humorous and wise language. Second, through "listening", teachers can really understand the true meaning of "learning from teaching". Third, students can be trained by "speaking" and "listening" by teachers. The more students talk, the more they will talk, the more they want to talk and the more confident they are. The class became a stage for them to play, which stimulated their interest in learning and enlivened the classroom. For example, when teaching Mr. Lu Xun's Snow, the author asked the students to find out their favorite sentences, first in the study group and then in the whole class. A student said, "I like' children are red with cold, and seven or eight of them together shape the thunder of the ocean', which shows the innocent and lively scene of children, especially the word' ah', which is very vivid. There is also' small hands like purple bud ginger', which is very fun. " When the author asked what "ha" was, most students folded their hands and gasped, making them laugh for a while in class and let them live in generate. Another example is "Two A's and JL's Debate on Japan". Almost all the students are trying to clarify the meaning of the text and have a debate. The new curriculum requires teachers to establish the educational concept of "autonomous learning and collaborative learning", which extends from imparting knowledge to students' lifelong development. UNESCO pointed out that the illiterate people in the future are not illiterate people, but people who can't learn. This teaching mode, in which students talk more and teachers innovate more, is an effective way to "teach them to fish" and "practice them to fish". In the whole learning process, students are always the protagonists, which greatly mobilizes students' learning enthusiasm and inquiry interest, keeps students' learning state active and enthusiastic, and makes the Chinese classroom show endless vitality and charm.

4. Equal evaluation of learning to stimulate interest method

In the traditional teaching mode, teachers have the highest dominance over students' academic performance, but they ignore students' self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, and actually ignore a manifestation of students' subjective initiative, especially the method of creating a Chinese classroom teaching atmosphere.

When students' self-awareness is highly strengthened and their inner enterprising enthusiasm is stimulated, teachers can give students the right to self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, stimulate their positive subjective consciousness and feel the free atmosphere of equality, harmony and trust in the class. In the usual teaching process, the author often gives students objective assignments such as copying, dictation and reciting, so that students can check and evaluate themselves and make up for their shortcomings. Students can not only feel the trust of teachers, but also feel the joy of being a teacher once, and review their knowledge, killing two birds with one stone. Composition evaluation is a heavy burden for Chinese teachers, but often the teacher has worked hard to finish the approval, and it is really costly and inefficient for students to take a look. The author often "indulges" in the revision of his composition. The specific methods are as follows: first, write the evaluation criteria of this composition on the blackboard. First of all, students need sketches, comments, scores and signatures to evaluate and revise a composition independently. Then the group exchanges and supplements, the purpose is to know more about other people's composition writing methods and evaluation methods. Finally, each group recommends one or two excellent compositions or comments. With the help of the physical projector, teachers and students re-evaluate and choose the best composition or comment. When warm and sincere applause echoed in the classroom with laughter, all the students were intoxicated in this serious and vivid atmosphere of equality and trust, and their eyes were shining with pride in taking the initiative to participate in the evaluation. This not only frees the author from the complicated composition evaluation, but also stimulates the students' interest in writing, which makes the previous lifeless composition evaluation full of vitality. Every Saturday's composition evaluation has also become a weekend gift for students-happy event, which has gained a lot. A teacher once lamented that the exam was "not for students, but for teachers". Indeed, it takes a few days for a Chinese teacher to correct an exam, and at that time, students have forgotten the content of the exam for nine days, as easy as blowing off dust. In this regard, the author tries to reform. Last semester, in addition to the mid-term and final exams, the author "liberalized" the unit tests: the first day of the exam, the second day of self-correction, and the teacher praised and guided when commenting. Students can ask the teacher if they are not sure. At the beginning, the author was really worried about the students' random grading, but it can be seen from the collected test papers that the students are still honest and credible. This evaluation method can change students' focus from "form" (that is, score) to "quality" (knowing the gains and losses of each question), which is conducive to the next stage of learning and the next stage of testing.

5. Teachers' Charm Stimulation Method

An important prerequisite for implementing quality education is to cultivate a high-quality teacher team, that is, a charming teacher team. Natural, generous, friendly and easy-going teaching attitude, with appropriate fashionable and dignified dress, calligraphy combining rigidity with softness, clear pronunciation and intonation of Putonghua, impassioned recitation and euphemistic singing will exert invisible control on students' attention and exert a subtle guiding effect on students' aesthetic taste, thus stimulating students' interest in learning and invigorating the classroom. If Chinese teachers want to bring students to a wonderful literary hall, the most important thing is to infect students with Chinese insights and edify them-teachers are knowledgeable and talented, and they will gush and quip in teaching, which will greatly stimulate students' interest in learning. Practically speaking, teachers' teaching language should be vivid, vivid, concise, harmonious and melodious, rigorous and accurate. Teachers can use this language to describe scenery, describe personnel, explain characteristics, taste poetry and analyze things, which will certainly infect students with beauty and arouse their enthusiasm for learning. Chinese teachers should not only be familiar with textbooks and memorize classics, but also form their own real kung fu in studying textbooks. They can always teach new things, edify students' art and enjoy beauty, and truly become students' mentors and friends in seeking knowledge and being a man. Chinese teachers' artistic aesthetic ability and artistic innovation ability are helpful to enliven the classroom atmosphere and make the classroom full of vitality, because students can find all kinds of static beauty, dynamic beauty, morphological beauty, color beauty and rhythm beauty between the lines of the textbook under the guidance and guidance of teachers, and can feel the interest of the textbook with their hearts. Not only that, teachers' ingenious blackboard writing design can also give students the enjoyment and edification of beauty, thus stimulating their interest in learning Chinese and making the Chinese classroom full of vitality.

In short, teachers should establish the concept of democracy and equality in teaching, respect, trust and appreciate students, create a relaxed and rich classroom atmosphere, and let students fully participate in learning activities. In the classroom, don't dampen students' self-esteem and enthusiasm, turn the Chinese classroom into a condescending place where teachers give students knowledge, and abandon the paternalistic and overbearing teaching style. Instead, we should sincerely care for and care for students with a democratic and equal attitude. "Kiss your teacher and trust his way." Students can like Chinese and learn Chinese well.

Third, hands-on operation to mobilize the classroom atmosphere

Suhomlinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, once said: "The wisdom of children is at your fingertips." The meaning of this sentence is that children's hands-on operation will promote the development of intelligence. From the structure of the brain, among the various sensory and motor parts of the human cerebral cortex, the part that controls the hand occupies a large area, so the movement of the hand can train a large area of the brain. The process of hands-on operation mobilizes students' sensory participation and combines hands and brains. Students' thinking is inseparable from action. Hands-on operation is the source of intelligence and the starting point of development, which stimulates students' interest in operation activities.

Hands-on operation to establish students' thinking in images is students' intuitive learning, which makes the contents of books vivid and Chinese learning more vivid. Classroom learning atmosphere is no longer a form of speaking and listening. For example, students cut newspaper clippings after class, cut down the knowledge and sentences used, increase their memory, and turn learning into an interesting activity class.

Fourth, create suspense, triggering the classroom atmosphere

Due to the long-term influence of exam-oriented education, some teachers are unwilling to enliven the classroom atmosphere and do not know how to enliven the classroom atmosphere, for fear of once and for all, forming indoctrination education. The students listened to the teacher. After the whole class, the teacher said more and the students said less. In the classroom, the teacher is singing a monologue, the students below are as still as a pool of stagnant water, passively accepting knowledge, lacking interaction between teachers and students, and the classroom atmosphere is dull, which leads to the disconnection between teaching and learning, and the teaching effect can be imagined. Therefore, teachers must change this traditional educational concept, establish an active classroom atmosphere, and let students become the masters of learning. Teachers can set some interesting, challenging and suspenseful situations to arouse students' enthusiasm for participation and make the classroom atmosphere active. Students have cognitive contradictions under suspense, have the desire to explore problems, and consciously think, analyze and solve problems. Teachers let students speak boldly, organize discussion and study, and the classroom atmosphere is active, which stimulates students' thinking and sparks generate's inspiration.

In a word, a good classroom atmosphere can promote the effective interaction between teachers and students, and make teachers' teaching and students' learning achieve the maximum effect. Primary school students are lively and active, and their attention is not lasting. It is particularly important to create a good classroom atmosphere. If the classroom atmosphere is inappropriate and presents a negative and boring situation, students' thinking will feel depressed, stifle the spark of wisdom and lack the enthusiasm for learning. On the contrary, students' learning mood is high, and their intellectual activities are in the best state, which can fully mobilize their learning enthusiasm. There are many ways to create a good classroom atmosphere, which need us to discover and summarize constantly in teaching. I believe that this kind of teaching can lead children into the free learning world and make them happily invite them to swim in the ocean of knowledge.

4 How to create and maintain a good Chinese classroom atmosphere

A good Chinese classroom atmosphere can create an infectious educational situation, create positive conditions for teachers to carry out Chinese teaching smoothly, effectively stimulate students' interest in learning, and urge them to actively explore knowledge, gain continuous gains in knowledge, ability, emotion and thinking, and achieve good learning results. How to create a good classroom atmosphere? Opinions vary, and many colleagues have made useful explorations in theory and practice, and put forward many valuable views and opinions. The following is the author's superficial understanding of creating a good classroom atmosphere.

First, build a new teacher-student relationship and create a democratic and harmonious Chinese classroom atmosphere.

In middle school Chinese teaching, whether the relationship between teachers and students is harmonious determines whether the classroom atmosphere of Chinese teaching is harmonious. Harmonious teacher-student relationship is not "hammered" by iron discipline and waving pointer, but depends on the change of educational ideas and concepts, the change of teachers' role and the establishment of democratic and equal teacher-student relationship. Therefore, in junior high school Chinese teaching, teachers should get rid of the "dignity of teachers", change the one-way requirement of emphasizing students' respect for teachers into a two-way overall plan of mutual respect between teachers and students, and establish a democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students. Change the autocracy or authority in traditional teaching and become cooperation or partnership. In Chinese teaching, we should respect students' personality and rights, strive to create a democratic atmosphere, realize democratic dialogue and exchange, and present a good teacher-student relationship atmosphere of consultation and cool breeze in Xu Lai. In Chinese teaching, teachers should establish students' view, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, inspire students with noble personality charm, inspire students with profound knowledge, infect students with full passion, attract students with exquisite teaching art, and reshape teachers' lofty image in students' hearts in a harmonious atmosphere. Only by improving the disharmonious relationship between teachers and students in Chinese teaching can we open the valve of students' emotions, form a good psychological atmosphere, mobilize students' enthusiasm in learning activities, create a student-centered classroom teaching atmosphere, and realize the goal of Chinese teaching reform.

Second, pay attention to teaching methods and teaching organization forms, stimulate students' interest, and create a positive and active Chinese classroom atmosphere.

Interest is the best teacher and the direct driving force to promote students' autonomous learning. In Chinese teaching, without the guarantee of "interest", it is impossible to realize the change of students' learning style and fully mobilize students' learning interest. Only by fully stimulating students' interest in learning and creating an active classroom atmosphere can students realize the transformation of independent inquiry and participation in cooperation.

(A vivid teaching language, lit the fire of students' enthusiasm for learning.

The ancients said, "Words without words are not far away." Teachers' language perception, teachers' language is vivid and rich in literary talent, like a shining pearl in a rich mine, dazzling and pleasing to the eye. In teaching, telling stories, telling allusions, telling anecdotes and reading beautiful articles have been around Wan Li for thousands of years, attracting students with rich and novel contents, impressing students with flexible and diverse forms and introducing students into the vast world of Chinese. If every class is carefully designed, the language and expression are gorgeous, colorful, witty and sincere, giving people beautiful enjoyment. For example, the lead of "Spring" said: "When it comes to spring, we will think of new life, infinite strength, inner joy, budding old people, children, men and women; Some people walk, fly kites, farm and transplant rice seedlings ... What a breath of Spring Festival ... "The students can't help but be excited when they hear this.

Teachers' teaching language should not only be vivid, inspiring and infectious, but also ignite the emotional fire in students' hearts. We should also pay attention to the rhythm of priorities, with rich and colorful content, cadence and cadence, full of aesthetic feeling, "paying attention to the meaning and moving people with emotion", appropriate body language, passionate, full of energy, bright eyes, a combination of audio language and silent language, with audio language as the main one. Touching students' heartstrings will arouse their feelings, make them communicate with the author, stimulate their enthusiasm for exploration, make them "perceive" and "seek knowledge", make them devote themselves to Chinese learning, and make them forget the scenes expressed in the article. On the contrary, teachers always sum up "one, two, three" methods. Students listen too much, and the stones thrown will not produce much ripples. In fact, on second thought, when we study by ourselves, aren't we also annoyed by the way the teacher lectures?

(B) with rich imagination to activate the cultivation of students' innovative thinking.

The meaning of the work is discovered by readers through reading activities. Before reading the work, it only provides readers with a multi-level structural framework, in which there are many "blanks" worth thinking about, which need readers to find, fill and analyze. These "blanks" fill the indispensable and activated thinking elements in the reading activities of formal readers, thus building a bridge to communicate the feelings of the author and readers, enabling readers to reach a unique understanding of the meaning of the works and gradually deepen it, and then taste the pleasure of success and internalize it into conscious behavior. At this time, the activated thinking fills the "blank". For example:

In Lu Hua Dang, what did the old man say when he finally sent two girls away? Will Laozi's character change because of this mistake (girl injured)?

How does the father feel after "Back" sent his son away? Can you think of the first thing he will do next?

"Steps", dad didn't adapt after building steps. Did he regret it? What would he do?

What are Su Shi and Zhang Huaimin talking about when they are walking in the court in Night Tour in Chengtian Temple?

The old woman in Candle never said a word, and her rich inner activities were expressed through her actions. Please imagine her psychological activity when she took out the second candle and stuck it in that old place.

Through the heated discussion on the above issues, students have a deeper understanding of the background of the text; Understanding of the theme of the text; An accurate grasp of the character's personality and so on. More importantly, it stimulates students' creativity and broadens the space for students' imagination and thinking.

(3) Create scenarios by using multimedia to stimulate students' interest in learning.

Multimedia gives students an intuitive and vivid audio-visual experience through images, sounds, animations, games and other forms, which is very attractive to curious students. In Chinese teaching in primary schools, it will greatly stimulate students' interest in learning to create scenarios in combination with the teaching content. The way to create scenes is not limited to multimedia, there are many successful ways. In a word, creating scenes can attract students' attention, open the valve of students' interest, induce students' interest in learning and promote the creation of a good classroom atmosphere. For example, in the teaching of Luhuadang:

1. The teacher played the ending song of Private Zhang Ga. Narrator: Students, which TV series did you just listen to? (Student answers) Where are the main activities of the protagonist in the story? (Student answers)

With narrator: Baiyangdian has vast waters, boundless reed fields and 2,000 or 3,000 waterways, which is extremely spectacular and is a major attraction for tourists. But just 60 years ago, it was the stage of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which performed countless heroic legends. Today, we will follow Sun Li's "Lu Hua Dang" to know a legendary hero who is old and strong and scares the enemy.

2. Present the topic: Luhuadang.

3. Play music and pictures to read texts, etc. , to give students an intuitive and vivid audio-visual experience.