In the whole process of graduation thesis writing, drafting the first draft is the most important and painstaking work. Although the first draft is only a blank of the article, it is the basis for further processing. Because it is the first draft, you can't make a move when writing. What problems should be paid attention to in drafting the first draft? 1, think carefully and put pen to paper carefully. Graduation thesis is a "systematic project". Before you formally start writing, you should think comprehensively about the article and check whether all the preparations are completely ready. First of all, we must clarify the theme. The theme is the commander-in-chief of the article, so you must think very clearly before writing. Liu Xizai, a Qing Dynasty man, said, "Every article can be summarized in one sentence. It's a thousand words when it's expanded, and a word when it's reserved. The so-called master is also. " The author should think about whether the theme of his article can be summarized in one sentence. If the subject is unknown, you should never start writing. Second, it is clear thinking. Train of thought is the thread and track of people's thinking progress, and it is the internal foundation of structure. Before you start writing, you should think clearly about how to ask questions, how to analyze problems, how to solve problems and what materials to use. Third, establish a model. The so-called "pattern" is the framework, outline and outline of the full text. Think well before you start writing, such as how many parts the full text is divided into, what levels it has, what to say first, what to say later, where to be detailed and where to omit it, and have a general idea from beginning to end. Fourth, prepare the required materials and find all kinds of facts, data, quotations, etc. Keep it at hand, so as not to look for it when you use it and interrupt your thinking.

How to write an outline of a thesis

The first-person narrative perspective of Lu Xun's novels directly or indirectly reflects the narrator's way of looking at life and the creator's subjective attitude, so this paper chooses the first-person narrative perspective of Lu Xun's novels to analyze some basic characteristics of Lu Xun's novels. First, the first-person narrator of irony: The first-person narrator of irony refers to the first person whose emotional judgment and value orientation are opposite or even opposite to the implied author.

By analyzing the image of "I" (the little friend) in Kong Yiji, the one-man narrator points out that the implied author in Lu Xun's novels is implicit but not revealed, and his value judgment becomes hidden and complicated, which makes it possible for readers to make their own choices. Then, the paper analyzes the preface at the beginning of A Madman's Diary and the subtitle of Regret for the Past, pointing out that Lu Xun opened the distance between the author and the story in this way, avoiding the reader's direct psychological identification with the narrator. This box structure covers a more detached framework besides the stories told, and leads readers' thinking focus to the complex social life and complex value system in the historical transition period. Similarly, there is the story of hair. When reading this kind of works, the reader's psychology has experienced a process from initially identifying with the narrator's "I" to finally surpassing the narrator's judgment and tending to hint at the author and enjoy the pleasure of text decoding. Not only that, Lu Xun's irony is also a kind of irony at the theme level, which complicates the connotation of the novel and gives it a profound historical capacity. Second, the narrator series in the narrative mode of "Returning to the Native": This paper makes an overall investigation of novels such as Hometown, In a Restaurant, Lonely Man and Blessing, and holds that the narrative mode of "Returning to the Native" is composed of the narrator's mental journey, which presents a pathfinder image from a macro perspective. In the narrative mode of The Return of the Native, the simple narrative function of the first person has been surpassed, which reflects the author's value norms and life choices to some extent. Third, the aesthetic characteristics of the first-person narrative: "distance control" The skill of choosing the first-person perspective in Lu Xun's novels embodies the aesthetic characteristics of distance control. The preface of A Madman's Diary and the subtitle of Regret for the Past opened the time distance of the story, which was transformed into psychological time distance in the reading process. Kong Yiji and Blessing show a distance in value and time. Judging from the distance between reason and emotion, the setting of the first person in these novels has caused a kind of alienation effect. In the final analysis, the distance between all this depends on the distance between morality and value. Through the distance controlled by the narrator, a two-way transcendental narrative mode about the narrator and his story is formed between the author and the reader, which makes Lu Xun's novels show the transcendental characteristics of trying to reveal the inner details and essence of life. The complexity of the first-person narrator in Lu Xun's novels is a sign of the complexity of modern novels.

How to write an outline of a thesis

Steps to write an outline:

(1) Determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text.

Abstract is the prototype of content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the whole book, so that readers can know the general contents of the book as soon as they turn over the abstracts. When writing a paper, we also need to write an abstract first. List the title, headline and subtitle of the paper before writing, and then insert the selected materials to form a summary of the content of the paper.

(2) The distribution of pages of the original paper

After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis and the number of words to be written in each part of the article according to the content of the thesis. If you plan to write an original paper of 20 pages (300 words per page), you can consider using 1 page for the preface, 17 page for the paper and 1-2 page for the conclusion. Part of this theory will be reissued. If this theory has four items, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item can be 3-4 pages, and the fourth item can be 6-7 pages. With this allocation, it is convenient to equip and organize materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to tell the problem thoroughly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of ordinary college and undergraduate students.

(3) Write an outline

Thesis outline can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking. Take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example, you can write a simple outline as follows:

I. Introduction

Second, this theory

(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market

(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market

(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market

Three. conclusion

A detailed outline is a detailed list of the main arguments and expanding parts of the paper. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you can write more fluently. Let's take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example to introduce the writing method of the detailed outline:

I. Introduction

1. Put forward the central topic;

2. Explain the writing intention.

Second, this theory

(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market

1. The establishment of the market economic system has created a macro environment for the emergence of the construction labor market;

2. The formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market;

3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market;

4. The establishment of the construction labor market is the inherent requirement of the employment particularity of the construction industry.

(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market

1. A buyer's market where supply exceeds demand;

2. An invisible market with a market and no market;

3. It is easy to enter the deformed market that is difficult to exit;

4. Spontaneous market of disorderly trading.

(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market

1. unify thinking and understanding, and change spontaneous trading into conscious supervision;

2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change disorderly transactions into standardized transactions;

3. Improve the market network and change intangible transactions into tangible transactions;

4. Adjust the management structure and change personal flow into team flow;

5. Deepen employment reform and change one-way flow into two-way flow.

Three. conclusion

1, outlining the current market situation of construction services and our tasks;

2. Echo the preface at the beginning.

The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you are thoughtful and meticulous, it is not a big problem to use a simple outline; However, if the investigation is not well thought out, a detailed outline must be used, otherwise it will be difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it will be much more convenient to write an outline before writing a graduation thesis.

Third, the drafting of graduation thesis outline

How to draw up the outline of graduation thesis? First of all, we should grasp the principle of writing the outline of graduation thesis, and therefore we should master the following four aspects:

(A) to have a global concept, starting from the whole to check the status and role of each part in the paper. See whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of each part is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the dialectical unity of deepening reform and stability in enterprises. Taking an enterprise in XX City, Zhejiang Province as an example, the author said that as long as cadres set an example in the reform and share joys and sorrows with employees, they can gain the understanding of most employees. From the overall concept, we can find that we only talk about how to reform the enterprise to be stable, but we have not discussed how to deepen the reform, change the operating mechanism of the enterprise, improve the economic benefits of the enterprise, increase the income of employees, and finally achieve social stability.

(2) From the central point of view, decide the choice of materials, and abandon materials that have nothing to do with the theme or have little to do with it without regret, even if these materials are collected by yourself. If you lose something, you can gain something. A piece of wool is so precious that it can't be cut off, so it can't be sewn to fit clothes. For ready-made clothes, unnecessary parts must be cut off. Therefore, we must always bear in mind that materials are only used to form the arguments of our own papers. Without this, even the best materials should be abandoned.

(c) Consider the logical relationship between the parts. Beginners often make mistakes in writing papers, that is, arguments and arguments are not necessarily related, and some are limited to repeatedly expounding arguments without practical and powerful arguments; Some materials are many and the arguments are not clear; Some parts do not form an organic logical relationship, so this graduation thesis can not meet the requirements, and this graduation thesis is not convincing. To be convincing, there must be virtual reality, arguments and examples, the combination of theory and practice, and the process of argumentation has strict logic. We should pay special attention to this point and check it when drafting the outline.

Here is a brief description of the writing method of graduation thesis outline:

1. Draft the title first;

2. Write a general argument;

3. Consider the overall arrangement of the whole paper: from several aspects, in what order to discuss the general argument, which is the skeleton of the paper structure;

4. After the big projects are arranged properly, consider the lower arguments of each project one by one until the paragraph level, and write the argument sentences of paragraphs (paragraphs);

5. Consider the arrangement of each paragraph in turn and code the materials to be used for writing;

6. Make a comprehensive investigation and make necessary additions and deletions.

When writing the outline of graduation thesis, we should also pay attention to:

1. There are two ways to write the outline of graduation thesis: one is title writing. That is, write a title in short words to summarize the content of this part. This writing is concise and clear, but only the author can understand it. Generally speaking, the graduation thesis outline can't be written like this. The second is sentence writing. That is to say, this part of the content is summarized in the form of a sentence that can express the complete meaning. This kind of writing is specific and clear, and others can understand it after reading it, but it takes time and effort. The outline writing of graduation thesis should be handed over to the instructor for reading, so this writing method is needed.

Second, after the outline is written, there is still a very important work that cannot be ignored, that is, the scrutiny and revision of the outline. In this review and revision, we should grasp the following points. First, whether the topic is appropriate; The second is to scrutinize the structure of the outline. First, around the central argument to be expounded or the main topic to be explained, check whether the divided parts, levels and paragraphs can fully explain the problem and make sense; Whether the links between all levels and paragraphs are close and whether the transition is natural. Then look at the objective overall layout, and then "fine-tune" the discussion order of each layer.

Third, graduation thesis writing generally requires the outline to be drawn up to the following levels.

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General parameter {{{ 1. (called paragraph)

(1) (called disadvantage argument) 2.

First, (called superiority theory) ......

(2)

......

Second,

......