butterfly
Butterfly fish, about 12 cm long, is a close relative of ancient bone tongue fish. In the long process of selecting the best from the best and scouring the worst from the worst in nature, this fish family has not changed much. Butterfly fish has developed pectoral fins and is widely distributed. It looks like a butterfly from the water, with brown body and monotonous color. Butterfly fish has a strange predation action and can jump out of the water like flying fish in the ocean. Butterfly fish usually drift along the river. Once an insect flies, it can jump out of the water to prey even if it is dozens of centimeters away from the water. The male and female of butterfly fish are easy to distinguish. From the tail, the male fish has a short fin membrane, a long mustache and a dark body color, while the female fish has obvious irregular patterns.
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A mullet is a fish whose eyes are on the same side. Because of their flat bodies, they are also called "flat fish". Sometimes also known as the left butterfly family, it is named because its eyes are on the same side and face to the left. It is characterized in that each fin has no hard spines; The dorsal fin originates from above or in front of the eye; The base length of the gluteal fin on the eye side is longer than that on the blind side; Neither dorsal fin nor anal fin is connected with caudal fin; * * * at the blind end. Flounder is alien in classification, probably because the colors and shapes on both sides of their bodies are not the same. Flounder grows in the bay or offshore, lies on the bottom of the sea, or dives into the sand, only showing its head. It is a carnivore. Small fish and crustaceans, which usually feed on newly hatched sand, have symmetrical bodies and eyes on both sides of their heads like ordinary fish. But because they are lying on the bottom of the sea, the eyes that grow below are useless, so they slowly move to the upward side of their bodies, so the eyes of the flounder are on the same side of their bodies. The side with eyes is dark in color or has various patterns and spots, which will change with the color of the environment and is not easy to be found by the enemy. The side without eyes is white or light yellow.
2. Little common sense of fish farming
If you want to raise fish well, you must master some basic knowledge of changing water.
Most fish like to live in primitive water. If all the water in the fish tank is replaced and fresh tap water is added, it is very dangerous to the life of the fish. This is because tap water contains a lot of chloride, which is a chronic poison for fish. After eating these "poisons", fish are damaged and even die suddenly.
Therefore, let the water stand for a day before changing it. Only when some chemicals in the water evaporate can it be used, and the amount of water exchanged at a time cannot exceed half. This is to let the fish have an adaptation process.
When changing cylinder water, we should also pay attention to the difference of water temperature, and the difference of water temperature between them should not be too big, generally 2℃~5℃ is appropriate. But it also depends on the types of fish, such as goldfish and red sword, which can tolerate great temperature difference, but colorful immortals can't.
If there is a big difference in water temperature, the fish will look listless and take a long time to recover. In severe cases, it may even suffocate immediately.
3. What are the little knowledge of scientific animals?
Dog fish-the longest-lived fish has the highest IQ-the smallest bird-the hummingbird's most dangerous poisonous spider: the largest gecko funnel web spider in Sydney-the most biting animal of gecko-the marsupial, the Tasmanian devil king cobra-the most dangerous snake in the world, the shortest-lived vertebrate, the smallest animal goby-a protozoan with code H39, and the smallest bear in the world. The largest turtle in Guyana-the elephant turtle-the largest animal in the world-the blue whale is the longest-lived animal among mammals. It is said that it can live for 60 to 70 years. Of course, wild land is different from artificial farming, and the former has a shorter life span. According to records, the long-lived elephant in Golpagos Islands can live 180 to 200 years old. The fastest animal is the cheetah. It can run 1 10 km. Cheetah is a carnivorous cat, which preys on deer and antelope. When deer, antelopes and other animals run hard, the speed will not exceed 70 kilometers per hour, so they will be caught soon. But if the distance is not very short, the cheetah can't keep the fastest speed, so try to catch its prey as close as possible. The most powerful animal lion is called "the king of beasts", but it doesn't attack elephants. A few lions who attack baby elephants have never heard of being trampled to death by the mother elephant. However, some tigers that attacked elephants in India were trampled by elephants. It seems that the most powerful animal is the elephant. The cleverest animals and mammals are chimpanzees. There are apes similar to humans, gorillas belonging to the ape family in zoology, orangutans, gibbons and dark orangutans in Baltic countries. Among them, chimpanzees are the cleverest. Although its brain capacity is only 400 ml, it is not as good as 500 ml of gorilla. However, its brain function is particularly remarkable. Apart from insects, the shortest-lived animal is a mouse born in the Xiayi swamp in Hokkaido. It was born in spring and died the next day. Its life span is only eight to ten months. However, if fed indoors, it can live for two or three years. The heaviest animal is, of course. It is equivalent to five or six elephants. Elephants are divided into Indian elephants and African elephants. The former is relatively small, weighing about 4000 to 5000 kilograms, and the heaviest elephant is 8000 kilograms. African elephants weigh 6000 to 7000 kilograms, and the highest record is 12000 kilograms. The smallest sea crab, the bean crab living in Sagami Bay, Japan, is 3.8-4.2 mm, only as big as a grain of rice. The heaviest sea crab is found in bass strait. The largest lobster, weighing14kg, was caught by the deep-sea trawler "Hesper" on 1934. The weight from the tail end to the tong tip exceeds 65,438+09 kg. This big lobster is on display at the Boston Science Museum. The longest jellyfish was washed up on the beach in Massachusetts on 1965. If the tentacle is flattened, it is 74 meters long. The smallest lobster is the horned lobster in South Africa, with a total length of only about 10cm. The largest snail is the sea rabbit snail found on the coast of California, USA, with an average weight of 3.2-3.6 kg and the heaviest weight of 6.8 kg. The height of the largest snail shell is generally more than 20 cm, and the maximum is 40 cm. The most valuable shellfish experts believe that white-toothed agate shells living overseas in the Philippines are rare and precious. So far, three of them have been found. 1975 1 1 was captured on macri Island overseas and sold to the Japanese for $7,000. Among the marine animals that breathe with their lungs, the turtle holds its breath for the longest time underwater. You can stay downstream for days and nights. The most destructive insects are grasshoppers distributed in Africa and West Asia. Some weather conditions will cause swarms of grasshoppers to devour almost all plants encountered during the flight. The crops eaten by 50 million grasshoppers a day can feed 500 people a year. The fiercest birds live in the Andean vultures between the cliffs of the Andes in South America. Its body length can reach1.2m, and its wings can spread up to 3m. It has a strong and hooked "iron mouth" and sharp claws, and specializes in eating live animals, not only small and medium-sized animals such as deer, sheep and rabbits, but also large mammals such as cougars. Therefore, it is also called "the bird that eats the lion" and "the king of birds". The biggest animal among other animals: the blue whale _ _ the longest-lived animal: the turtle _ _ the tallest animal: the giraffe _ _ the animal with the most feet: the millipede _ _ the swimming champion among other animals: the dolphin _ the ship in the desert: the camel. The biggest land animal: the elephant _ _
There is little scientific knowledge about animals.
Persimmons can't be eaten with crabs. 1) Rabbits beat the ground with their legs to transmit information, mostly with their hind legs, which is a way for them to express their feelings to female rabbits. (2) The largest monkey in the world is a baboon, and the smallest monkey is a bonobo. (3) Dogs wag their tails when they are happy. When they are angry, they straighten their tails backwards. Dogs only pick up their tails. (4) The leopard grinds its claws on the tree. The stag rubbed its horns on the trunk to sharpen them. Wild boars often grind their teeth on trees. (5) Polar bears wear thick white fur coats. Seals and walruses have thick fat to keep their bodies warm. (6) "Four Elephants", whose real name is Elk, is a rare animal in China. The origin of plants was 2.5 billion years ago.
It was not until 438 million years ago (Silurian) that green algae got rid of the shackles of water environment, landed on the earth for the first time, evolved into ferns, and clothed the earth with green clothes for the first time. 360 million years ago (Carboniferous), pteridophytes were extinct, replaced by lycopodium, wedge-shaped, true ferns and seed ferns, forming a swamp forest.
The main plants of Paleozoic were almost completely extinct 248 million years ago (Triassic), while gymnosperms began to rise and evolved pollen tubes, completely getting rid of the dependence on water and forming dense forests. Angiosperms (flowering plants) began to appear 1.45 million years ago (Cretaceous), and developed rapidly in the later period, replacing gymnosperms and forming the angiosperm era that continues to this day.
Modern types of pine, cypress, and even Metasequoia, Sequoia and so on. , are produced in this period. Characteristic plants have the ability of photosynthesis-that is, they can produce food by using water, minerals and carbon dioxide with the help of light energy and chlorophyll that animals do not have.
After releasing oxygen, glucose, an energy-rich substance, remains as a component of plant cells. Plants have obvious cell walls and nuclei, and the cell walls are composed of glucose polymer-cellulose.
The ancestors of all plants are single-celled non-photosynthetic organisms. They devour photosynthetic bacteria and form a mutually beneficial relationship: photosynthetic bacteria live in plant cells (the so-called endogenous phenomenon). Finally, bacteria become chloroplasts, which are organelles that exist in all plants but cannot survive independently.
Plants are usually inactive because they don't need to look for food. Most plants belong to angiosperms, which are flowering plants, including many kinds of trees.
The longest plants on land are in the tropical forests of Africa, where there are towering trees, exotic flowers and herbs, and there are also "ghost ropes" that trip you. This is a white rattan wrapped around the tree for countless times. White rattan, also called provincial rattan, is also produced in Yunnan, China.
Rattan chair, rattan bed, rattan blue, rattan bookshelf, etc. Are made of rattan as raw materials. Rattan stems are usually very thin, as thick as a small handleless wine cup, and some are thinner.
It has a cluster of pinnate leaves at the top, and there are thorns on the leaves. The upper part of the stem is long and strong until the tip of the stem, and it is covered with large, pointed downward-bending spines.
Like a barbed whip, it swings with the wind. As soon as it touched the big tree, it clung to the trunk and soon grew a bunch of new leaves. Then it continued to climb along the trunk, while the leaves below gradually fell off.
After climbing to the top of the tree, the white rattan kept growing, but there was nothing to climb, so its longer and longer stems hung down, and the tree was regarded as a pillar and wound around it into countless strange circles. Rattan is 300 meters long from root to top, which is twice as long as the tallest eucalyptus in the world.
If the tallest tree holds the World Tree Height Competition, only Australian almond eucalyptus will be eligible to win the championship. Almond eucalyptus is generally as high as 100 m, and one tree is as high as 156 m. Its trunk soared into the sky, reaching 50 stories.
This is the tallest tree that man has ever measured. Birds are singing at the top of the tree, which sounds like the buzzing of mosquitoes under the tree.
This kind of tree is 30 meters long around the base, with straight trunk, obviously tapering upward, and dense branches and leaves at the top. The leaves are strange. Generally, the surface of a leaf is facing the sky, but its side is facing the sky, like hanging on a branch, parallel to the projection direction of sunlight.
This strange appearance is to adapt to the dry climate and strong sunshine, reduce direct sunlight and prevent excessive evaporation of water. The tallest broad-leaved trees in China-Wangtian Tree and Qingtian Tree. In the tropical dense forest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China, a huge giant tree was discovered in the 1970s. Its graceful posture and tall trunk hold its head high above all the trees, making it impossible for people to look up at its top, and even the sensitive altimeter can't help here.
Therefore, people call it a tree looking up to heaven. The local Dai people call it an umbrella tree.
Looking up at the sky, trees can generally reach 60 meters. People have measured and analyzed a tree and found that it grows quite fast. A 70-year-old tree is 50 meters high.
Individual even as high as 80 meters, DBH is generally around 130 cm, up to 300 cm. These rare giant trees in the world stand in the upper layer of the valley rainforest, which is generally more than 20 meters higher than the trees on the second floor. They really have the momentum to go straight into the sky! Wangtianshu belongs to Dipterocarpaceae, Lu 'an.
Liu An belongs to this family, 1 1 members, and most of them live in Southeast Asia. Wangtianshu only grows in Yunnan, China, and is a rare and special tree species unique to China.
The tree is tall and straight, with alternate leaves, pinnate veins and yellow flowers arranged in panicles, emitting a fragrance. Its fruit is hard.
Cephalotaxus chinensis generally grows in 700- 1000 meters of valley rain forest and mountain rain forest, forming an independent community type and displaying a unique natural landscape. Therefore, the academic community regards it as a symbolic tree species of tropical rain forest.
Wangtianshu has excellent material, fast growth and high productivity. The trunk volume of a tree can reach 10.5 cubic meter, and the average annual growth of a single tree is 0.085 cubic meter, which is 2-3 times that of other tree species in the same forest. Therefore, it is an excellent tree species worth popularizing.
At the same time, its wood is rich in gum, its flowers contain perfume oil and many other unknown components, which need further analysis and utilization. Because the tree of looking up to heaven has such characteristics.
5. Have little knowledge of fish farming
First of all, we should give the fish a good environment. In fact, the environment means that the size of the bathtub depends on the number and size of fish. Also, if the temperature of tropical fish is moderate now, there should be oxygen supply pipes to feed the fish regularly. In addition, when changing water every day, you should leave half a can of old water and inject half a can of new water. If you want to completely change the fish water, the fish will die easily. If you really want to completely change the water, you should change it one day in advance. If the temperature in the water is below 20 degrees Celsius (tropical fish) in winter, use a heating pipe to heat it.
In fact, these are the general methods of raising fish, but the methods of raising fish are different according to their types and habits.
6. Ask for 50 little scientific knowledge
1. The reason why sorbet bubbles is because there is a lot of invisible water vapor in the outside air. When it meets a very cold sorbet, it will liquefy into droplets and surround it when it is cold. It seems that the sorbet is bubbling.
2. Why do cicadas shed their skin?
Cicada's shell (exoskeleton) is hard and can't expand with the growth of cicada. When the cicada grows to a certain stage, the cicada's exoskeleton restricts its growth, and the cicada loses its original exoskeleton, which is cicada slough.
3.
How do bees make honey?
First, the bees spit the sweet juice of the flowers they picked into an empty hive. At night, they suck sweet juice into their honey stomachs to make it, and then spit it out and swallow it. It takes 100~240 times to make sweet honey.
Can fish drown, too?
Fish has gills and can breathe in the water, while fish has swim bladder and can rise and fall freely in the water. However, some people say that fish living in water will also drown. Is it true?/You don't say.
It sounds ridiculous, but it's true. The swim bladder is the "lifebuoy" for fish swimming, and it can adjust the specific gravity of fish by inflating and deflating. In this way, when swimming, the fish can maintain a stable state without sinking or floating in the water, and the muscle activity is minimal. However, when the fish sinks to a certain depth (that is, the "critical depth"), the huge external pressure will make the volume of the swim bladder irreparable. At this point, its buoyancy is less than its own gravity, so it will involuntarily sink to the bottom of the water, can not float up again, and will eventually drown because it can not breathe. Although fish can still float upward by swinging their fins and tails, it won't help if they sink too deep.
On the other hand, fish living in the deep sea can live freely in the deep water because their bones can bear great pressure. If we quickly let the fish living in the deep sea reach the "critical depth", it will continue to "swell" until it comes to the surface because the pressure inside its body cannot be balanced with the smaller pressure outside. Sometimes, it even spits out its internal organs and "explodes" to die.
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Greedy children become stupid
Overeating will reduce blood flow to the brain.
If you eat too much at a time, or eat all the time, a lot of blood in the human body, including blood in the brain, will be mobilized to the gastrointestinal tract. Adequate blood supply is the premise of development, and if it is often in ischemic state, its development will inevitably be affected.
Overeating can lead to "fat brain"
Eating too much, especially eating too much nutritious food, will greatly exceed the calorie intake, so that heat energy will be converted into fat and accumulated in the body. If there is too much fat in brain tissue, it will cause "brain obesity". Studies have confirmed that human intelligence is related to the number of wrinkles in the sulcus gyrus of the brain. The more obvious the sulcus gyrus, the more wrinkles, and the higher the intelligence level. The obese brain makes the sulcus close, wrinkles disappear, the cerebral cortex is smooth, the neural network is poorly developed, and the intelligence level will be reduced.
Overeating can inhibit the physiological function of the intelligent area of the brain.
The way of human brain activity is that excitation and inhibition induce each other, that is, when some parts of the brain are excited, some areas of its adjacent parts are in a state of inhibition. The more excited, the deeper the inhibition on the surrounding parts, and vice versa. Therefore, if the autonomic nerve center responsible for gastrointestinal digestion is excited for a long time because of overeating, it will inevitably lead to the suppression of adjacent brain intelligent areas such as language, thinking, memory and imagination. If these areas are often suppressed, their intelligence will get worse and worse.
Overeating can damage the brain because of constipation.
Children's snacks are mostly high-nutrient fine foods, which are easy to constipation. When constipation occurs, the metabolites accumulate in the digestive tract for a long time, and after the action of intestinal bacteria, a large number of harmful substances are produced, which are easily absorbed by the intestine and enter the blood circulation, causing chronic poisoning of brain nerve cells and affecting the normal development of the brain.
Overeating can also promote premature aging of the brain.
Scientists found in a study that a substance that can promote premature aging of the brain-fibroblast growth factor, will increase tens of thousands of times after meals because of overeating, which is a substance that can promote arteriosclerosis, so in the long run, overeating will make the brain premature aging.
Fifty is too much. I'm too lazy to remit money to you.
7. What is the common sense of fish farming?
Some necessary conditions for breeding tropical fish. Water 1, water quality All water in nature contains different chemical components more or less, and some chemical substances will directly affect the growth and survival of fish. Tropical fish have higher requirements for water.
Tap water, river water, well water and lake water can be used to directly raise goldfish, but they can't be used to directly raise tropical fish, otherwise the fish will get sick or even die. The so-called water quality mainly refers to the hardness and pH of water.
The hardness of water depends on the content of calcium, magnesium and iron salts in water. It is divided into hard water, soft water and neutral well water, and spring water is mostly hard water; Tap water and river water are mostly neutral water; Rain belongs to soft water.
Neutral water should be used to cultivate tropical fish. However, although the pH value of urban tap water basically meets the requirements of tropical fish life, water plants often need to add some chemical disinfectants and purifying agents when treating water. Because this kind of water often contains trace chlorine and alkali, it must be treated to raise fish. The easiest way is to dry the water frequently, that is, dry it in the hot sun for 2~3 days, or dry it in a cool and dark place for a week before using it. 2. Fish that change water should constantly metabolize and excrete feces in the process of survival, and the bait fed to the fish is also constantly oxidizing and rotting, which will affect the water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to change the water in the fish tank frequently and timely to keep the water quality fresh.
Water exchange is divided into partial water exchange and total water exchange. A part of the changed water is also exchanged with water.
Replenishing water means that you should replenish the water in the fish tank as much as possible. There is no need to take fish and aquatic plants out of the water tank. Generally, the amount of water replenished at a time should not exceed a quarter of the total water in the fish tank. Pay attention to the water temperature of the newly added water when adding water, and keep it consistent with the water temperature of the original fish tank as much as possible.
The frequency of adding water is once or twice a week in autumn and winter, and twice or three times a week in spring and summer. The specific number of times depends on the turbidity of the water in the fish tank. If the water quality is clear and the filtration conditions are good, the frequency can be reduced appropriately, and if the filtration conditions are poor, the frequency can be increased appropriately, but not too frequently, otherwise the fish will get sick. Second, temperature is the most important condition for the survival of tropical fish. Fish can't live without proper water temperature. Tropical fish have strict requirements on water temperature, and tropical fish are also extremely sensitive to water temperature.
The water temperature of tropical fish is generally 20~30℃. However, different kinds of tropical fish have different requirements for water temperature.
For example, guppies, swordfish, black Mary and other fish species can tolerate the water temperature around 18℃ without dying, while swallowtail and tiger fish will die when the water temperature is lower than 18℃. Most tropical fish are very sensitive to water temperature. If the water temperature changes by 2℃, they will catch a cold. If the water temperature fluctuates for a long time, fish will suffer from various diseases. So try to keep the water temperature constant.
The water temperature should not be too high, and the fungi in the water will multiply too fast, which will affect the water quality. The normal temperature of most fish is 20~24℃, and the water temperature of culture is 25~28℃.
There are two ways to control water temperature, natural control and manual control. Natural control is to put the fish tank in a sunny room and let the fish tank receive sunlight to raise the water temperature.
Some water temperature changes in the volume of fish tank are relatively small. On the contrary, if there is little water in the fish tank, the water temperature changes greatly. If room conditions permit, it is best to make the fish tank as big as possible. Manual control of water temperature mainly adopts heating measures such as stove, kang and heater. In recent years, there are more and more electric heating appliances on the market, which is a better heating method. Most products have automatic temperature control function, so this kind of products should be the first choice.
Third, oxygen Any living thing needs oxygen to survive. There is no life without oxygen, and tropical fish can't live without oxygen. The oxygen needed for fish survival is obtained through the microvascular absorption of dissolved oxygen in water by fish gills, and then brought to the extraction part through the blood circulation system, and the discharged carbon dioxide is also carried out through the microvascular of fish gills.
The amount of dissolved oxygen in water directly affects the growth of fish, so make sure there is enough dissolved oxygen in the water. Dissolved oxygen in water can be obtained not only by adding water to replace water, but also by oxygen produced by photosynthesis of aquatic plants in water.
There is a special oxygenator-air pump in the market. It is convenient and simple to add oxygen to the air pump, and the appropriate air pump can be selected according to the size of the fish tank. The price is cheaper.
Fourthly, although there are many kinds of fish-eating tropical fish and their habits are quite different, their feeding habits can be roughly divided into three categories: carnivorous fish, accounting for the vast majority of tropical fish; Omnivorous fish, accounting for a small part of tropical fish; Vegetarian fish accounts for a small part of tropical fish. Here are some common fish foods for carnivorous fish: 1, Daphnia (also known as Tetranychus urticae), which is bright red and moderate in size, swims in groups in the water and is rich in protein, fat and calcium.
It is widely distributed everywhere, but the life span of this fish worm is very short, and it can only live for one or two days when it is recovered. Before feeding the fish, the worms should be washed before feeding.
2. Cyclops (also known as cyclops) is a small fish worm with low nutritional value and easy death. They jump around in the water and can't stop. Tropical fish, especially young fish, often can't catch up and are poor bait. 3. Red Nematode (also known as water earthworm and nematode) This kind of fish worm has a slender body and a deep red color. It lives in dirty blisters and shallow water beside ditches. The worm's body is half in the mud and half in the water.
Red nematodes are nutritious, contain more protein and fat, and are ideal food for adult fish. Light is very important for the survival of tropical fish, and tropical fish can't survive without light.
Light has three main effects on raising tropical fish. Light is the most important factor in photosynthesis of all plants.
Without aquatic plants, photosynthesis cannot be carried out, carbon dioxide cannot be absorbed, oxygen cannot be produced, and plants cannot maintain their own survival. However, plants also have certain restrictions on light. If the light is too strong or the light time is too long, the aquatic plants will grow green moss, which will affect the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. But if the light is too weak or the illumination time is too short, the branches and leaves of aquatic plants will turn yellow or even die because of too little photosynthesis.
Reasonable lighting should be: sunny rooms should not accept direct sunlight, and should not be placed on windowsills and windows. Just use the sunshine in the morning and evening 1~2 hours. Of course, the scattering time of the window can be extended appropriately. No sunshine or ...