Dissertation is a masterpiece of graduate students, a summary and generalization of the whole process of graduate students' comprehensive quality training, and an important link in graduate students' training. It reflects the solidity and systematicness of a graduate student's basic theory and professional knowledge, the depth and breadth of students' knowledge of this subject, and the ability of students to flexibly use basic theory to solve practical problems and basic experimental skills. This can measure students' ability to engage in scientific research and independently undertake professional and technical work, and whether they have achieved the goal of postgraduate training.

Second, the topic of the thesis

To do a good job in a paper, a good topic selection is very important, and topic selection is also one of the important responsibilities of the tutor.

A good thesis title should be advanced, forward-looking and creative, and should be realizable to some extent. Generally speaking, "scientific research" is a necessary condition for a good thesis, but it is not a sufficient condition. At present, "scientific research" has a lot of practical value but no paper value, and not all projects can produce good papers. A good thesis title should have "three characteristics", and its specific meanings are as follows:

Advanced: Thesis topic selection should be a hot topic in this discipline, and the starting point of dissertation should always be at the highest point.

Forward-looking: it has certain predictability. In layman's terms, what are the promising directions for this research topic, that is, a basic prediction of scientific research results.

Creativity: the research methods, proposed concepts and experimental results have been improved or made a major breakthrough compared with the predecessors. So in a sense, with a good topic, the work of the paper is half finished.

Third, the thesis writing

On the whole, thesis writing should be a summary and sublimation of the whole research work, an analysis process from the outside to the inside, a process of explaining physical concepts with mathematical analysis, and a process of strongly supporting theories with experimental data. To write a good dissertation, you need to master the style and language characteristics of the dissertation, and every link of a good dissertation should be carefully carved.

1, Title: The first topic of the paper is the title, and its basic function is:

1) Summarize the full text: the title should accurately summarize the full text. General requirements outline, point out the theme, make the title consistent.

2) Attract readers: Readers often "take the text from the title", and the title of the paper should be attractive to attract people to read the text. Generally speaking, readers who read the headlines are much taller than those who read the text.

3) Easy retrieval: The title is an important index for retrieving papers, and a good title is conducive to circulation and dissemination. The linguistic features of titles are as follows: first, titles are generally just "labels" and "addresses" of articles, which do not reflect specific contents and generally do not need to use complete sentences; In addition, use more nouns and phrases (especially English)

Title writing requirements are:

1) be concise. Experts suggest not to exceed 15 words. According to people's memory characteristics, it is best not to exceed 12 words, otherwise it will be difficult to remember. If it is really difficult to refine, you can add a subtitle. However, the title is too short to understand.

2) Avoid titles that are too empty, too broad and too general. We should resolutely put an end to them, such as "Research on image coding", which is too extensive and chaotic, and "Research on image coding based on Walsh-Hadamard transform" is a better title, so that people can know at a glance that this paper studies image transformation coding and the transformation used is Walsh-Hadamard transform.

3) Use less question titles. In academic papers, question titles are generally rare because they are also difficult to index.

4) Use as few irregular abbreviations as possible. If you use English titles, try to avoid mixing nouns and gerunds.

2. Keywords: Keywords refer to the most important, critical and repetitive words or phrases in the paper. The function of keywords is to let readers guess the meaning according to the name, which is helpful to understand the theme of the whole article. In order to facilitate retrieval, common keywords are often included as indexes in document retrieval systems, which is beneficial to full-text retrieval.

The language features of keywords are:

1) Use more nouns; Limited number of words; Generally 4 to 6, at most 10.

2) Clear source: generally selected from the title or abstract, which is generally the most important part.

3) Writing requirements: writing specifications, including appellation, location and writing, should conform to the specifications, and general keywords should be separated by commas or semicolons.

Abstract: Abstract is an important part of the paper and must be carefully organized.

The functions of the abstract are:

1) Abstract is the epitome of the paper, and it is a high generalization and concentration of the full text, which is convenient for readers to understand the outline of the full text.

2) Abstract is the medium to expand circulation. Some intelligence personnel compile index materials according to the abstracts of papers, and some compile them into abstract publications, so that the circulation scope will be greatly expanded.

The characteristics of the language are: short and pithy, and the abstract of the paper must be concise and focused. Thesis abstracts can be divided into two categories, one is general abstracts, and the other is informative abstracts. The general introduction summarizes the main arguments, analysis process and conclusion of the paper. Generally speaking, it is short and pithy. The general abstract is mainly used for papers with strong theory.

Generally speaking, an information summary is the condensation of the full text. It is necessary not only to summarize the content, gist and main points of the paper, but also to briefly introduce the main methods used in the paper and list the relevant data and test results. If it is an innovative method and algorithm, it should also explain key information such as basic principles, operation steps and data used. This kind of abstract is mostly used for papers with strong technology. Its length should be about 1∕30 of the full text.

Generally speaking, general abstracts are macroscopic, formal and short in length, while informative abstracts are microscopic, flexible in style and long in length.

The style of Chinese poetry is relatively fixed, and it is generally a "three-stage" structure, that is, the beginning, the expansion and the end. The extension part further expounds the content, research methods, analysis process and demonstration points of the paper; The last paragraph is to draw a conclusion and point out the significance of the conclusion.

The content must be complete, mainly reflected in four aspects: the purpose of the study; Research methods; The results of the research; The main conclusions of the study. Generally, you can write an abstract of a paper independently. The coordination of the abstract should avoid being too short, the sentence structure too rigid, the use of nonstandard abbreviations, and generally there should be no questions and sighs.

4. Text

The general structure of dissertation is relatively fixed. Scientific papers are rational articles, whose main function is to discuss objective things and their laws. Therefore, the scientific style is more realistic. In the process of writing, we should pay attention to semantic accuracy, non-visualization, be careful not to be emotional, and try to keep the objectivity of narration. This document shall include the following parts:

Chapter 1: Overview.

The first chapter of the thesis is "Overview". In recent years, many papers have written "introduction". Personally, I think we should write "summary". Because "summary" is a summary paragraph of previous work aimed at the theme of this article, and the English of the introduction is (introduction). Usually, the introduction is often used when writing a book.

Requirements: Briefly describe the research background materials, views on main documents, past research history, the relationship between future research and past research, current main research methods, main research achievements and existing problems, and then draw out your own research objectives and explain the significance of the research.

Features: 1) The summary should focus on the main line of research; 2) Generally representative methods, the algorithm should have the time, author, brief description of main achievements, the contribution of main achievement indicators to the development of this research direction, and the main problems. 3) Finally, it leads to the method to continue my thesis (generally there are few other ways); 4) Generally, a good summary should be 10~20 pages.

Chapter 2: Introduction of principle.

The main function is to pave the way, which should be the harmony and unity of systematization and refinement, and all the necessary knowledge is talked about.

Chapter III: The main part of the paper.

The main body of the paper mainly introduces my own research, which should account for more than 60% of the whole paper.

The main body of the paper should be written as follows: 1) The argument is clear and the innovation is outstanding; 2) Solid basic theory and strict logical reasoning; 3) Use scientific language or mathematical language to avoid direct narration and colloquialism.

Generally speaking, our research program-> is: physical phenomena->; Abstract as a mathematical model->; Mathematics->; Buckle->; Conclusion-> physical concept. If you can't find a deterministic model or a statistical model, you can also use "deduction" and "induction". All conclusions should be illustrated by charts and data. The "optimal" conclusion cannot be mentioned casually, but must be proved.

In short, the main body of the paper should be correct in argument, rigorous in reasoning, outstanding in innovation, complete in discussion and reliable in conclusion.

Chapter four: Experimental description.

Basic functions: make people believe that the experimental results are reliable and convincing; Repetitive and unrepeatable experiments are of little significance; Benefiting the people can inspire future generations to think further.

Features: pay attention to narrative, explain the cause and effect, and think step by step; Pay attention to explanation, explain the soft and hard conditions of the experiment, and make clear the shape, nature, characteristics, kinship and function of things.

Writing requirements: accurately explain the experimental requirements, such as materials and environment. Clearly introduce the experimental equipment, such as performance, indicators, specifications, etc. Detailed description of methods, steps, processes, processes, etc. ; Calculate data accurately, list the derivation of calculation formula, etc. This paper introduces the methods of judgment and reasoning. This part is very important for graduate students. Generally speaking, to fully understand the works of predecessors, you must practice them yourself.

Chapter 5: Results and discussion.

Basic functions: concentrate and observe the facts; Inductive experimental findings; Analyze the research results; Point out controversial issues; Clarify the author's point of view; Draw a final conclusion.

Features: the sentence pattern is as simple as possible and clear at a glance; Commonly used charts to analyze; The length can be long or short.

Requirements: 1) The results and discussion are the focus of the paper and the finishing touch. Judging from success or failure, all results are based on this, which should not be underestimated; 2) Discuss by topic at ordinary times, pay attention to the analysis results, and don't repeat the experiment process; 3) The successful part is the core, and there should be comments; 4) The failed part can also be analyzed, which will arouse the consideration of peers. In a word, the result is the author's final opinion through experiments and reasoning, which is the destination of the whole paper. It should not only reflect the internal relations of things, but also be clear and accurate.

Finally, acknowledge: express gratitude and acknowledge the work of others.

Function: show respect for the work of predecessors; Explain the scientific basis of this research; It is convenient for readers to verify relevant information.

Requirements: It must be in a certain format, with accurate content and consistent format. Special attention should be paid to clearly mark the source (such as the name of a magazine or book), publication date, author, publishing unit, document page number, etc. for future reference.

5. Conclusion

The quality of the paper depends on the depth and breadth of the topic and scientific research, but it is also extremely important to summarize and improve it according to a large number of experiments and obtained data. Solid theoretical foundation, rich practical experience, keen observation ability, extensive knowledge accumulation and profound literary foundation are the basic skills for writing a good dissertation. Let's study hard and practice diligently, and gradually improve the quality of our dissertations and postgraduate training.