Effects of Different Fertilizers on the Growth and Development of Citrus
Classified, different types of fertilizers have different effects on the growth of citrus trees:
Effects of 1, organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer on the growth and development of citrus
Organic and biological fertilizers, like our houses, provide a good living environment for the normal growth and development of citrus reticulata. As we all know, the nutrients needed for the growth of orange trees are absorbed by the roots, so it is very important to let the roots of orange trees have a better growth and development environment.
Organic fertilizer can provide more comprehensive nutrients, but also provide enough food for microorganisms in the soil, thus changing the soil aggregate structure, loosening the soil and improving the soil water and fertilizer conservation characteristics.
Applying biological bacterial fertilizer can increase the beneficial flora in the soil. According to the different kinds of bacterial fertilizers, it can not only improve the soil environment, but also inhibit soil-borne diseases and release fixed nutrients in the soil for secondary absorption by citrus.
2. Effect of chemical fertilizer on the growth and development of citrus.
Fertilizer is like the staple food we eat. If you want to eat enough, you must rely on staple food. In other words, chemical fertilizer provides a large number of elements needed for the growth and development of citrus, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which is also the biggest factor affecting the yield and quality of citrus. Just like a child, how can he grow taller if he can't eat staple food? Grow strong?
3. Effects of medium and trace element fertilizers on the growth and development of citrus.
Medium and trace elements are like fruits when we eat them, and the flavor of orange fruit has the greatest influence on oranges. If some medium and trace elements are lacking, it will not only affect the flavor quality, but also lead to a reduction in production.
Therefore, to fertilize oranges, a good fertilizer must be organic fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer and trace elements, that is, a fertilizer that can provide comprehensive nutrients is a good fertilizer.
How can orange trees be fertilized well?
When fertilizing oranges, we should not only pay attention to comprehensive nutrients, but also fertilize according to the characteristics of fertilizer demand, growth and phenology of orange trees. For example, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the early growth stage, phosphorus fertilizer is mainly used in the middle and late growth stage, and potassium fertilizer is mainly used in the fruit expansion stage. Therefore, a reasonable fertilization plan should be made according to the law of citrus fertilizer demand.
1, the law of citrus fertilizer demand
According to the law of citrus fertilizer demand, orange trees absorb more nitrogen and potassium, and the demand for phosphate fertilizer is relatively small. Mixed application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer can reduce the contact surface between phosphate fertilizer and soil and reduce the fixation of phosphate fertilizer by soil.
According to the researchers' research results, for every 1000 kg of oranges produced:
Nitrogen (n)10 ~13 kg should be absorbed; Phosphorus (P2O5)6~ 10 kg; Potassium (K2O) is 9 ~ 10 kg, and the absorption rate is 1:0.7:0.83. In addition, orange trees are sensitive to calcium, zinc, boron and iron.
2, orange tree fertilization scheme
After understanding the fertilizer demand characteristics of citrus trees, we can make fertilization plans according to local conditions. Fertilization of citrus can be divided into two categories: base fertilizer and topdressing.
(1) base fertilizer
Base fertilizer is generally carried out before and after fruit harvesting, which is also the peak period of root growth, usually from mid-August to mid-September. However, in the south of China, for the early-maturing citrus reticulata, due to the rapid temperature rise in spring, fertilization cannot be applied immediately after the fruits are ripe, otherwise, branches and autumn shoots will grow vigorously in late summer, which is not conducive to flower bud differentiation.
Application type of orange tree base fertilizer: mainly farm manure, adding appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer, paying attention to the application of medium and trace element fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer.
Application amount of base fertilizer for orange trees: 65438+60 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer for each 0-4 year old young tree; Five years later, the decomposed organic fertilizer was applied to each first fruit tree, about130kg; Adult trees with yield per mu 100 kg at full fruit stage shall be implemented according to the standard of "Jin Guo Jin fee";
Generally, half or two-thirds of nitrogen fertilizer and two-thirds of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied to adult fruit trees as base fertilizer. Generally, urea 1 kg, calcium superphosphate 1~ 1.5 kg and potassium sulfate 0.3~0.5 kg are applied to each plant. You can also use 2-3 kilograms of compound fertilizer special for fruit trees with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of15-12.
Application method of basic fertilizer for orange trees: Young orange trees generally adopt annular furrow application or semi-annular furrow application (generally, the furrow depth is 20cm and the length is 50cm), that is, the planting hole is the center, and it expands outward year by year near the crown drip line;
Adult trees generally adopt the fertilization method of short strip furrow application or whole garden spread application, and can also adopt radial furrow application. After furrow fertilization, it should be watered, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of fertilizer.
(2) Topdressing orange trees
There are two most important stages of topdressing for citrus trees, one is topdressing before flower bud differentiation, and the other is topdressing after fruit expansion.
Topdressing before flower bud differentiation: topdressing when the growth stops slightly in spring. Young trees (1~2 years old) should be applied with 0.05 ~ 0.1kg urea per plant; Apply 0. 1 ~ 0.2kg urea to 3~5 young trees. Thereby promoting the growth of new shoots; Each tree can be topdressing with urea 1 kg, calcium superphosphate 1~ 1.5 kg and potassium fertilizer 0.5~ 1 kg. Fertilization should be applied deeply, and the fertilization depth is 20 cm. Top dressing at the later stage of fruit expansion: apply 1~ 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 1 kg of potassium sulfate or 0.5~ 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to each tree. Can promote the expansion and coloring of fruits. (3) foliar fertilization
Foliar fertilizer can be sprayed on orange trees during the growth period, generally spraying 0.5% urea solution 1~2 times in the early growth period; In the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves.
In the whole growth period, in addition to applying micro-fertilizer as base fertilizer once, micro-fertilizer should be sprayed twice in the growing season according to the lack of elements in trees to prevent and correct physiological diseases caused by lack of elements.
Fertilization is the main means to ensure the yield and quality of citrus. If we want to fertilize orange trees, we should apply fertilizer in a timely, appropriate and moderate manner according to the law of fertilizer demand and the growth and development characteristics of orange trees on the premise of ensuring comprehensive nutrients.