1500 words on college students' positive psychology and healthy personality shaping.
Abstract: Positive psychology advocates paying attention to the positive side of human nature. As an important part of positive psychology research, positive emotions are closely related to personality and promote each other. This paper attempts to explore the meaning of college students' healthy personality and its shaping ways from the perspective of positive psychology.
Keywords: positive psychology, healthy personality of college students
Today, with the development of history, modernization has brought unprecedented social productivity, extremely rich material welfare and colorful human culture, but at the same time, it is also the common aspiration of human beings to seek healthy personality, which has attracted more and more attention and become the mainstream of personality research with extensive influence. Cultivating college students' healthy personality has also become a common concern of leaders and teachers at all levels of education.
First, the basic meaning of positive psychology and healthy personality view
Positive psychology
Positive Psychology refers to a kind of psychological trend of thought [1] which studies the positive aspects of human strength and virtue by using relatively perfect and effective experimental methods and measurement means of psychology. The research object of positive psychology is ordinary people, which requires psychologists to look at people's potential, motivation and ability with a more open and appreciative eye.
Positive psychology is a new psychological research model. Of course, it is relative to negative psychology. The so-called negative psychology mainly focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of people's psychological problems and mental diseases. For example, in the psychological research in the past hundred years, we are familiar with the vocabulary of morbid, hallucination, anxiety, mania and so on. , and rarely involves health, courage and love. It seems that the task of most psychologists is to understand and explain human negative emotions and behaviors [2]. This negative-oriented psychological model lacks research and discussion on human positive qualities, resulting in a huge psychological knowledge system. Gap? , which limits the development and application of psychology. In this context, positive psychology calls for: psychology should be transformed into a new science to study the advantages of human beings, and it is necessary to realize the transformation from negative psychology to positive psychology, study the positive qualities of human beings, and pay attention to human survival and development.
(B) a healthy outlook on personality
Determining the personality model of healthy personality is the work that psychologists are working tirelessly for. Psychologists have extensively studied the role model of mental health and put forward their own model. The main ones are allport's? Mature people? Fashion, Maslow's? A self-fulfilling person? Fashion, Rogers? A fully functional person? Pattern, Fromm's? Creative people? Fashion, Frank's? Someone who transcends himself? Patterns and Pierce's? People here and now? Mode.
Although these six views on healthy personality do not describe healthy personality with full potential exactly the same, on the whole, their healthy personality patterns are similar. The more consistent view is:
1. Mentally healthy people can consciously control their own lives, their own behaviors and their own destiny, and will not be driven by unexpected, uncontrollable and unconscious forces.
2. People with mental health know their actual situation. They are aware of their own strengths and weaknesses. Generally speaking, they will tolerate and admit these strengths and weaknesses. They don't pretend to be themselves. Although they can play social roles to meet the needs of others or situations, they will not confuse these roles with their true selves.
3. People with mental health are firmly based on the present. Mentally healthy people don't live in the past. They can quickly get rid of the shadow of failure and conflict, face the future firmly and base themselves on reality. Many theorists emphasize the importance of future-oriented goals to healthy personality, but they do not encourage us to replace the present with the future.
People with mental health emphasize the importance of increasing tension rather than reducing it. More and more tension is carried out through contact with more and more feelings and images. People with mental health are not eager for peace and stability, but for the challenges and excitement of life, new goals and new experiences.
People with mental health can give and receive love. Dedicated to work, willing to take responsibility and care for others. Their love life is mature and sound, they can tolerate setbacks and failures, and they often keep happy experiences. Their lives are full of energy and happiness.
6. Mentally healthy people need to be alone and independent. Their sense of security and satisfaction depends not on others, but on themselves. They need to be alone to think and solve problems. Their views on the natural and social environment are relatively independent, and they will not consider the wishes of others too much, so they show a relatively calm attitude towards serious blows and setbacks.
7. People with mental health have positive and stable interpersonal relationships. They have good social adaptability, admit themselves, respect others, understand their sufferings, help others in various ways, and share weal and woe with mankind.
Thirdly, shaping the healthy personality of college students.
(A) positive emotions and healthy personality
Positive emotions can penetrate into personality, and through some specific ways and means, such as college students' healthy attribution, correct stress and psychological defense system, good interpersonal relationship, getting more social support, changing the structure and function of the central nervous system, etc., college students' healthy personality can be formed, thus reducing and eliminating the negative effects of negative emotions and making them feel healthy, happy and happy [3]. In the process of cultivating college students' sound personality and all-round physical and mental development, the cultivation of positive emotions is an effective way.
It can be seen that college students with positive emotions can correctly understand and objectively and subjectively evaluate negative life events, and can actively respond to them in behavior. These good mentality and positive behavior characteristics will form positive comments from classmates and teachers around them and good interpersonal relationships, and objectively gain more psychological support. At the same time, these good mentality and positive and healthy behavior characteristics will gradually stabilize with the passage of time, forming a positive and healthy personality of college students.
(B) positive self-awareness and healthy personality
Positive self-cognition is a positive attitude based on a comprehensive and objective understanding of the true self. Due to the limitation of the development level of cognitive ability, college students' evaluation of their knowledge is often one-sided and easy to go to extremes. If you underestimate yourself, can't see your own advantages, exaggerate your own shortcomings and doubt your ability, you will easily feel inferior; If you take yourself too seriously, college students are prone to arrogance and arrogance. Pride and inferiority are both bad self-cognition, which is extremely harmful to the formation of college students' healthy personality. Therefore, we should guide college students to form positive self-cognition and build healthy personality.
(3) Positive behavior and healthy personality
Psychological research shows that the positive behavior of actively adapting to and transforming the real environment is one of the standards of sound personality. When facing difficulties, a college student with healthy personality will take positive actions to eliminate unfavorable factors and make things change to a positive side on the basis of accepting the facts [4]. In particular, it is very important to cultivate college students' adaptability, arbitrariness and tolerance for setbacks when there are contradictions or problems to be solved, and to form a healthy personality.
Positive social support and healthy personality
Social support refers to the social relationship system on which individual development depends. Studies have shown that positive social support provided by intimate interpersonal relationships can help individuals to relieve stress in various forms, including adjusting bad emotions, sharing responsibilities, providing suggestions, imparting skills and providing material help [5]. For college students, friends can not only support their sense of self-worth, provide them with opportunities to love, care, reveal their inner world and vent, but also enable young people to gain emotional security and support, and provide a foundation for improving their social skills. In the process of forming college students' healthy personality, it is an important link to cultivate college students' ability to consciously experience and tap social support resources from existing life. For example, the teaching of college students should include training subjects such as how to experience social support, how to support others and how to get support from others. Through training, college students can learn to establish their own social support system, enhance their self-confidence and better shape their healthy personality.
References:
[1] Miao Yuanjiang, Yu Jiayuan. Positive Psychology: Idea and Action [J]. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science Edition), 2003, (2).
[2] Zhang Qian, Yongzheng. Introduction to American Positive Psychology [J]. Psychological Exploration, 2003, (3): 6- 10.
Li Jinzhen, Wang Wenzhong, Shi Jiannong. Positive Psychology: A New Research Direction [J]. advances in psychological science, 2003, (3): 32 1-327.
[4]Sheldon M, King L. Why positive psychology is necessary. American psychologist, 200 1, 56(3):2 16-2 17.
[5] Ren Jun, YeHaoSheng. The new direction of personality psychology research. Journal of Huazhong Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2005,44 (4):120-126.
1500 words psychological analysis of preventing college students from cheating in exams.
In today's society, examination is the main means of competition and elimination. Examination life? It is no exaggeration to say that the most important factors leading to cheating in exams are the vague understanding of cheating and the expansion of vanity. Strengthening college students' ideological and honest education, giving full play to the educational role of schools and families and improving their psychological endurance are the main countermeasures to prevent cheating in exams.
Keyword exam; Cheating; intelligence
The reasons for college students' violation of discipline and cheating in exams are extremely complicated. It is the result of a variety of factors, both historical and cultural reasons, but also social, family, school and students' own psychological factors.
1 the expansion of vanity
Who is a class of students working for? Fight for honor? Some of them care about their grades and want to get better grades, some want to get scholarships and be awarded honorary titles, some want to consolidate their advantages in learning, and hope to be favored by teachers and respected by classmates. These all show the psychology of satisfying vanity to a certain extent.
Quite a few students regard cheating in the exam as a shortcut to get good grades, and they are lucky enough to cheat in the exam. There is an obvious moral imbalance between the views on the success of cheating in exams and the punishment for cheating, so there are often deviations in behavior choice.
2 Group effect phenomenon
Due to the negative effects of market economy and the social atmosphere of quick success and instant benefit, college students' cheating in exams tends to expand and spread, and sometimes even tends to cheat in groups, which leads some students to think that cheating is not a big deal, and occasionally cheating is nothing. Can you get good grades by cheating? Winner? How do you feel when you see others cheating successfully? You didn't cheat? . All these weaken students' sense of shame about cheating, and it is easy to induce cheating. Some students have average grades, but in order to get higher scores, they can get scholarships and cheat by luck; Some students with good grades see that students who don't study at ordinary times get higher grades than themselves by cheating, and even get scholarships, so they are psychologically unbalanced and take a chance.
To completely eradicate cheating in exams and find countermeasures to prevent cheating in exams, we should not only strengthen honesty education, build a honesty system, promote the process of administering exams according to law, reform the current exam system, but also effectively adjust the psychological factors of college students.
1 Overcome cognitive imbalance and correct value orientation.
Cheating in exams, no matter what kind of mentality, reflects students' dishonesty, and cheating in exams violates the minimum principles of being a man. Therefore, in the usual education, we should give positive guidance according to the actual situation, point out students' dishonest behavior in time, educate them to establish good qualities of honesty and trustworthiness, overcome their psychological problems of vanity, luck and weak self-control, and educate students to achieve good results through their own efforts, which can not only enhance their self-confidence and pride, but also cultivate their will to strive for self-improvement and open mind. Schools should not only strengthen the education of ideals, morality and outlook on life, but also strengthen the education of college students' learning purpose and motivation, professional thought education and honesty education, and establish a good class spirit and study style. Correct students' learning attitude through ideological education, moral education, discipline education and study style education, and give guidance on learning methods and skills when necessary, such as offering learning methods courses.
Any examinee should consciously examine and restrain himself with socialist moral standards, consciously abide by relevant codes of conduct and management regulations, cherish hard-won learning opportunities, treat exams with a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts, and make clear exam scores, which not only plays an important role in supervising and evaluating himself, teachers and schools. False scores will hurt students' learning enthusiasm, hinder the smooth progress of school teaching research and teaching reform, and ultimately hurt students themselves the most. Therefore, both schools and counselors have the obligation to educate students about the dangers of cheating in exams before exams, so that each student can establish a correct view of exams. The key to solving the credit crisis of a few college students depends on the rule of law and the rule of virtue? Both? . By improving the education legal system and examination laws and regulations, the cost and price of dishonesty are greatly increased, which makes those college students who want to cheat daunting and dare not cross the line. Through extensive, in-depth and lasting moral publicity and education, we will enhance the moral concept of all the public, including college students, and rebuild the social credit system so that they don't want to do anything that betrays their integrity.
Give full play to the affinity of parents and form a joint force of education.
Heavy family pressure has become one of the main factors that cause serious psychological obstacles for students. The view of quick success and instant benefit, saving face and the change of family factors all put great pressure on students' psychology. Teachers should strengthen contact with parents in time, do a good job of parents, ask parents to treat students' academic achievements realistically, and objectively choose whether to continue their studies or get employment for students, so as to free students from family pressure. Moral education is the most important thing in family education. In may 2004, the Ministry of education, the all-China women's Federation and the central Committee of the communist youth league jointly organized activities to promote quality education in schools, families and social education? Update the concept of family education reporting group? Tour the country to preach. Helping and guiding parents to accept new family education concepts, mastering scientific family education methods and paying attention to children's all-round physical and mental development reflect the important role of family education in children's growth, and also reflect the need for family education and school education to communicate and cooperate with each other in the process of children's growth. Scientific family education is an important guarantee for children's healthy growth. At present, in society, parents lack scientific experience in educating their children, stick to outdated, backward and wrong educational concepts, and value teaching over teaching. It is urgent to solve the problems and contradictions in family education practice. To improve the quality of family education, we must be guided by renewing the concept of family education, emphasizing the need to establish new concepts such as talent concept, parent-child concept, evaluation concept and teaching concept in family education, and give full play to the role of family education.
3. Improve students' quality and cultivate good study habits.
Cultivating good study habits is an important way to prevent college students from cheating in exams. Good study habits are fixed learning behaviors formed through practice and repetition in the learning process. With good habits, such as careful preview, attentive listening to lectures, timely review and independent completion of homework on time, and serious thinking when encountering problems, people will certainly be able to complete their learning tasks without spending a lot of energy, regard learning as a pleasure, despise cheating in exams, have confidence in exams, and of course, they will not have to spend too much time cheating.
4. Reduce students' academic burden and reduce the pressure of score competition among students.
In the case of heavy learning burden and lack of scientific and effective learning methods and skills, students have a strong motivation to avoid failing exams and cheating, which is prone to cheating. Therefore, in order to control students' cheating, we should try our best to reduce their schoolwork burden. Publishing test scores, ranking according to test scores and grading will increase the pressure of score competition among students and lead to more cheating. Therefore, it is necessary to control college students' cheating by reducing the pressure of score competition among students. We can learn from foreign practices and successful experiences, make grades a personal matter for students, only let students know their scores, and change the practice of ranking according to test scores, so that students can learn to evaluate their learning status according to their test scores instead of comparing with their classmates' results, and encourage students to make continuous progress on their own basis.
5. Treat exams correctly and reduce students' psychological pressure.
College students who lack necessary learning skills, are not diligent, muddle along and have high test anxiety are more likely to cheat. These students often do poorly in exams and think cheating is more advantageous. Therefore, we should be good at finding such students early, and ask them to hurry up and study hard through measures such as learning skills training, learning consultation and learning guidance to reduce exam anxiety. Early detection of students at risk of cheating and intervention will have a better effect on reducing cheating.
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