Li Suizhi (1885- 1975), a famous doctor, was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the first generation of western medicine in China, a pioneer of western medicine education in China, a famous physician, medical educator, patriotic democrat and social activist in modern times, the main founder of Zhejiang Medical University, and the founder and first president of Hangzhou Red Cross Society. I used to see Empress Dowager Cixi. He is the author of monographs such as Industrial Hygiene. He once participated in the establishment of Zhejiang Tide and other periodicals, and was the founder of the first academic magazine of western medicine in Zhejiang, Medical View. Because of his great achievements in modern medicine in China, he was listed as a representative figure in the medical field by Zhejiang Dictionary of Ancient and Modern People.
Li Suizhi is a descendant of Li Jian, a writer in Qing Dynasty, a great-uncle of a famous contemporary diplomat and a close friend of Lu Xun, a famous modern writer.
Chinese names: Li Jiafu and Li Suizhi.
Mbth: Li Jiafu, Li Suizhi.
Alias: Father of Zhejiang Medicine
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of birth: Hangzhou, Zhejiang
Date of birth: 1885
Date of death: 1975
Occupation: doctor, medical educator, social activist.
Graduate institutions: Zhejiang University, Kanazawa Medical University, Imperial University of Kyoto, Japan.
Main achievements: the first generation of western medicine in China
Pioneer of Western Medicine Education in China
The main founder of Zhejiang Medical University
Representative works: industrial hygiene, etc.
Father: Li Liangyu.
Daughter: Li Hua
Brothers: Li Erkang, Li.
Nephew: harsh voice teaching
The life of the character
Generations of people have been reading books.
Li Suizhi, blessed by a famous family, is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang.
In the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1885), he was born in a scholarly family in Qiantang, Qing Dynasty. He has been a learned man for five generations and began to teach. Gao Zu Li E (word Taihong,No.) and his grandfather were both juren in Qing Dynasty, and his father Li Liangyu (word Lushan, descendant of Fan Xie) was a famous engraver in late Qing Dynasty and one of the founders of Xiling Printing Society. He also started teaching. Li Suizhi, who grew up under the influence of books, already had considerable knowledge of Chinese studies at a young age.
Schooling career
In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), 14-year-old Li Suizhi was admitted to Qiushi College (the predecessor of Zhejiang University).
In the 27th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (190 1), on June 20th, Cai Yuanpei specially recorded the teacher-student interaction with Li Suizhi's ExiQiushi Academy in his diary.
In the 28th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1902), Li Suizhi passed the national election examination, obtained official fees and went to Japan to study. He graduated from Hongwen College in Tokyo, Kanazawa Medical College in Japan (predecessor of Kanazawa Medical University) and Faculty of Medicine of Imperial University in Kyoto, Japan.
In the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903), Li Suizhi, as an important member of Zhejiang Students' Federation in Japan, and Jiang Baili and others founded a large-scale comprehensive and knowledgeable magazine "Zhejiang Tide" in Tokyo. The magazine was an important publication to promote patriotism at that time, and it was also an influential publication for students studying in Japan at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Li Sui's friendship with Lu Xun and Qian Junfu was awkward. The three of them 1902 went to study in Japan. At first, they studied Japanese together at Hongwen College in Tokyo, sharing the same class and dormitory. 1904 After learning Japanese, Li Suizhi accepted Lu Xun's suggestion and studied medicine together.
Li Sui-zhi returned to China after completing his studies. He passed the "Medical Examination" in Xuantongyuan year (1909) of Qing Dynasty, and took the "Second Examination of Baohe Hall" of the last Qing Emperor in10/0, and was awarded the title of "the first class in palace examination".
Practice medicine to save the world
In the third year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Li Suizhi witnessed that Guangji Hospital and Guangji Medical College, which were sponsored by the British church at that time, cheated patients and made huge profits, so he decided to open a hospital for China people. In order to compete with foreign hospitals and safeguard China's medical rights, Li Sui and several medical students studying in jointly established the first western hospital, Zhejiang Hospital, in Shi Yang Street, Hangzhou, to treat China people. In order to run the hospital well, doctors only receive the minimum living expenses without formal salary, and Li Suizhi also donated his other income to the hospital. For poor patients, the hospital provides free treatment. Therefore, the hospital won the praise of the society soon after its opening.
In order to cultivate medical talents, Li Sui and others, with the support of Shen Junru, founded Zhejiang Medical College (the predecessor of Zhejiang Medical University) in June 19 12, with Li Sui as the first president. This school is the earliest specialized medical school founded by China people. The courses offered are basically the same as those of the pharmacy major of Western Medicine University at that time, and most of them use German and Japanese textbooks.
From 19 12 to 1927, Li Suizhi served as the dean of Zhejiang Army Hospital, and concurrently served as the dean of Zhejiang Medical College.
In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), Li Suizhi founded the magazine "medical view" (monthly) and served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine. According to the Zhejiang Provincial Committee for Democratic Progressive Party, this magazine is the earliest academic journal of western medicine in Zhejiang, and it is issued by Hangzhou Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Company.
In the fourth year of the Republic of China (19 15), Li Suizhi and Tang, a classmate studying in Japan, initiated the establishment of the Medical Association of the Republic of China, and founded the Journal of the Medical Association of the Republic of China and New Medicine. By publishing periodicals, books, holding annual meetings, reviewing medical terms and conducting health surveys, the association is actively committed to spreading medical knowledge and improving the medical and health system.
In the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17), Li Suizhi and others jointly proposed to the military government to set up an epidemic prevention organization. However, due to the lack of knowledge of preventing infectious diseases in society at that time, coupled with political instability and war, the proposal was not implemented. During the period from 19 19 to 1922, a serious epidemic situation occurred in Hangzhou, with heavy casualties. The military government had to appoint Li Suizhi and others to set up temporary epidemic prevention hospitals in urban areas several times to control the epidemic situation with modern epidemic prevention technologies and facilities. In view of the losses caused by the epidemic and the epidemic prevention effect, it is not a long-term solution to establish a temporary epidemic prevention hospital. Li Sui and others once again proposed to Xia Chao, then director of the Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department, to set up an infectious disease hospital in 1923, which was immediately supported by Xia Chao and approved by the provincial meeting, and was named as Zhejiang Infectious Disease Hospital. 10 June10, Zhejiang infectious disease hospital held its opening ceremony and announced its formal establishment.
In 9 years of the Republic of China (1920), a presidential decree was issued on September 5, and Li Suizhi was awarded the first-class military doctor of the Army.
In the 13th year of the Republic of China (1924), Li Suizhi, as the director of Hangzhou Physicians and Pharmacists Association, established Hangzhou Red Cross Society to rescue the wounded in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War and became the first president.
In the Republic of China 16 (1927), due to the Northern Expedition, the allied forces and the revolutionary army in Xixing officially opened fire, and the Hangzhou Red Cross Society set up a temporary general hospital, with Li Suizhi as the dean, to organize medical treatment and battlefield rescue for the wounded.
In 1930s, as the head of the Japanese medical delegation, he participated in the Japan-China Medical Association held in Japan and published many papers that caused great influence in the industry.
In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), Li Suizhi was appointed by the Hangzhou municipal government to take charge of the municipal health administration.
1931may 7, Hangzhou health and health commission held a meeting to reorganize, and elected Chen Guihuai, mayor of Hangzhou, as its chairman and Li Suizhi as its standing committee. As soon as the Health Committee was reorganized, it immediately convened a meeting of various organs, organizations and schools to discuss ways to organize a health campaign, and specifically planned and led the sixth summer health campaign in Hangzhou on May 15.
1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in order to help a large number of injured patriotic soldiers sent to Hangzhou, Li Suizhi established three wounded hospitals in Hangzhou, which alleviated the problem of treating the wounded who were sent to Hangzhou continuously during the Anti-Japanese War to some extent.
1945- 1949 during the liberation war, Li Suizhi gave up the dean and his administrative position in the government and started his own clinic, from "official doctor" to "civilian doctor". Li Suizhi, who was liberated from administrative affairs, spent more time on patients in order to better serve the public.
old age
1949 After the founding of New China, Li Suizhi, as a well-known democratic figure, was invited as a librarian of Zhejiang Literature and History Museum. During this period, I left some memories of Lu Xun, and wrote the article "Mr. Lu Xun, my schoolmate fifty years ago". These words have become valuable first-hand materials for future generations to study Lu Xun, and they have been included in books, documents and textbooks such as Up the Mountain: A Celebrity's Record of Lu Xun, Living Lu Xun, Lu Xun on Earth, Lu Xun's Memoirs of Ba Jin, Lu Xun's Memoirs: Essays, Lu Xun's Historical Collection, and Lu Xun in Japan.
1966, when the Cultural Revolution broke out, Li Sui fell into a decade of catastrophe.
1975, Li Suizhi died in Shanghai at the age of 90.
Li Sui's achievements in modern medicine in China, as a representative of the medical field, are included in dictionaries such as Dictionary of Ancient and Modern People in Zhejiang, Dictionary of People in the Republic of China in Zhejiang, Records of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty, Records of Famous Doctors in the Republic of China, etc.
Main contribution
Establish the first medical school in China.
19 12, 1 In June, Li Sui founded Zhejiang Medical College (the predecessor of Zhejiang Medical University), the first medical college funded by China people in China, which opened the precedent of self-run higher medical education in China, and left a colorful stroke in the history of modern medicine and education. Zhejiang University honored him as "the father of Zhejiang medicine".
Actively carry out battlefield rescue work
Li Sui experienced three periods: Northern Expedition, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and Liberation War. As a respected doctor, he braved the bullets and actively carried out battlefield rescue work, opened a number of wounded hospitals and treated a large number of patriotic soldiers. During his stay in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he eased the problem of treating the wounded who were sent to Hangzhou continuously, and made a positive contribution to the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Promote the popularization and development of western medicine in China.
Li Suizhi is the first generation of western medicine in China. After returning from Japan, in order to compete with foreign hospitals and safeguard China's medical rights and interests, he founded the first Chinese-run West Hospital in Hangzhou on191and devoted himself to serving China people. He also founded Fengtian Advanced Medical College. He devoted his life to the clinical medicine and medical education of western medicine, and made great contributions to the popularization of western medicine in China and the development of modern medicine in China. His superb medical skills have cured many difficult and serious diseases. At that time, he enjoyed a high reputation, and even Empress Dowager Cixi asked Li Sui to see him. He also saved the life of Qian Xuesen, the founding father, with two bombs and one satellite, and trained a large number of outstanding medical talents for the country.
Promote the development of public health in Hangzhou.
Li Suizhi not only has profound medical professional knowledge, but also has rich experience in health administration. During Li Suizhi's tenure as the main person in charge of the health administrative organ in Hangzhou, the public health situation in Hangzhou has been greatly improved, and the efficiency of health administration has also been improved. He planned and led the 6th Summer Health Campaign in Hangzhou, conducted in-depth research on the health management system, and established a relatively complete public health management system. In addition, he has done a lot of fruitful work in the formulation and implementation of epidemic prevention measures. The efforts of Li Suizhi and others have promoted the development of public health in Hangzhou to some extent.
Initiate the research and dissemination of western medicine in China.
Li Suizhi has published medical research articles since the beginning of the 20th century, covering many fields, such as intractable diseases research, military medical care, medical and health system, medical and health policies, medical education, medical exchanges between China and foreign countries, and research on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. Most of them were important issues that were not involved in the medical field in China at that time, which was of pioneering significance in the modern medical history of China. He also founded the first academic journal of western medicine in Zhejiang, The View of Medicine (monthly), and initiated the establishment of the Medical Association of the Republic of China with his classmate Tang, and founded the Journal of the Medical Association of the Republic of China, New Medicine and other periodicals to actively spread and popularize medical knowledge. He has published a large number of influential articles in medical journals of the Republic of China, such as Medical Journal of the Republic of China, Medical Journal, Medicine and Pharmacy, Military Journal, Tongren Medicine, New Tongde, Scientific Medical Journal, Social Medical Journal, Shanghai Medical Monthly and Southeast Medical Journal. And initiated the research and dissemination of western medicine in China.
Personality assessment
Giving up the generous treatment of the dean and running his own clinic embodies Li Sui's medical ideal of "being a good doctor rather than being an official". (Health News Review)
Li Sui was praised as "the father of Zhejiang medicine" by Zhejiang University. (Zhejiang University Review)
Lizui left a deep impression on Japanese educator Jiro Tortoise Matsumoto. Recalling Li Sui's remarks during his study in Japan, he said that although Li Sui was still under 20 years old at that time, his Chinese roots were deep. (Japanese educator Jiro Tortoise Matsumoto comments)
There is a kind of starlight called Mr. Li's home. There is a talented man named Mr. Li. (Zhejiang University Medical College Review)
Many dignitaries invited Mr. Li to see her, and even Cixi invited him to see her. It can be seen that Mr. Li had superb medical skills and was very famous at that time. (Zhejiang University Medical College Review)
Li Suizhi despises fame and fortune. Although he was the first dean of Zhejiang Medical College, he only filled in the "teacher" of Zhejiang Medical College when filling in his resume. Li Sui's failure is a very good doctor. "Good doctor" means not only good medical skills, but also kindness. (Hangzhou Daily Review)
Anecdotes of characters
Li Suizhi and Lu Xun
Li Suizhi and Lu Xun are awkward friends. They once went to Beijing in the same boat to catch the exam, and together they obtained the international students who went to Japan at public expense; Go to Japan together, study Japanese at Hongwen College in Tokyo, and share the same class and dormitory. Li Sui later accepted Lu Xun's suggestion and studied medicine together. Lu Xun's medical graduation thesis "Genetics" was written with the help of Li Sui. Their names were also listed in the Who's Who of zhina at that time.
Li Suizhi1961On September 25th, Wen Wei Po published the article "Mr. Lu Xun, a schoolmate fifty years ago", and later articles about Li Suizhi and Lu Xun in Hangzhou Daily and other media are precious historical materials for studying the early life and thoughts of Li Suizhi and Lu Xun.
1902, a group of Zhejiang students, including Li Suizhi, Lu Xun, Qian Junfu and Xu Shoushang, went to Beijing in the same boat to participate in the re-examination of studying abroad at the expense of the Qing government. According to Li Sui's memory, these Zhejiang candidates all boarded the boat at the Cai's Bridge in Hangzhou. After more than a month's journey, they finally arrived at the Forbidden City. In those days on the ship, everyone talked more about where to stay in the ocean-saying that they could choose for themselves, but no one had experience and could not figure out how to volunteer. When he was young, Lu Xun was talkative, unlike when he was old, he was silent. Lu Xun said to everyone at that time: "Let's go to Japan-foreign devils have a bad temper and want to kill people indiscriminately. America is too far, and Japan is near. In case of danger, it is convenient to escape back. " As a result, most of these foreign students from Zhejiang went to Japan after filling in their volunteers.
When studying Japanese at Hongwen College in Japan, Lu Xun and Li Sui were classmates. They go to the streets together and are often abused by Japanese teenagers. They are all very angry. According to Li Sui's recollection, Lu Xun said to him, "We didn't come to Japan to learn hypocritical rituals. This kind of embarrassment can be compiled in our national anthem and spur us to be angry and strong. "
When he first arrived in Japan, Lu Xun was very gregarious, but in the end his behavior was maverick-for example, for the convenience of life, everyone changed into a suit, but he still wore a long and thick cotton robe, which was very eye-catching. Unfortunately, this robe is very troublesome to wash, so he seldom washes it. Sometimes Li Sui can't stand it, so he washes it.
1904, after studying Japanese at Hong Wen College, Li Suizhi accepted Lu Xun's suggestion and studied medicine together. Lu Xun told Li Suizhi that being a doctor is not to make money, but to contribute to the treatment of working compatriots. The Qing government gave us cream for studying abroad, and we want to repay the working people.
But in the end, Lu Xun went to Sendai Medical College in Japan, and Li Sui went to Kanazawa Medical College in Japan. But Lu Xun's enthusiasm for medicine is getting weaker and weaker-he wanted to write a book on genetics as his graduation thesis, but he lost interest at the beginning and was thinking about more important things. Later, Lu Xun's paper was written with the help of Li Sui. But that's all. Lu Xun finally gave up medicine and devoted himself to literature.
After finishing their studies, Lu Xun and Li Suizhi returned to China one after another. As long as Lu Xun passes through Hangzhou, he will go to Li Suizhi. Once Li Sui's wife asked Lu Xun at dinner: "Why is Mr. Cai Yu called Lu Xun?" Lu Xun, who shaved his head, said: "Because my mother's surname is Lu and she called me' A Xun' when I was a child, I took the pseudonym' Lu Xun'." This statement is not consistent with the later official history.
Li Suizhi and Qian Xuesen
Li Suizhi and Qian Xuesen's father Qian Junfu are awkward friends. Someone in the Qian family is ill. Please have a look, including Qian Xuesen. Qian Xuesen was weak when he was a child. He suffered from two serious diseases and almost died-one was meningitis and the other was typhoid fever. Later, they all turned to safety under the care of Li Suizhi. 1946, Qian Xuesen went home to visit relatives. Li Suizhi was the first person I saw after worshipping Gao Church. He knelt down and said, "Uncle, without your original care, there would be no Qian Xuesen today." The combination of Qian Xuesen and Jiang Ying, the daughter of Jiang Baili, a famous modern military theorist, was also the hard ice made by Li Sui.
See a doctor for Empress Dowager Cixi.
After returning from abroad, Li Sui was once famous. Because doctors with his qualifications are rare in China, many dignitaries invited him to treat diseases, including Empress Dowager Cixi. According to Hangzhou Daily, Li Suizhi once saw a doctor for Empress Dowager Cixi. In the past, he went to the palace to see his wife, and all of them were "matchmakers", but Li Suizhi said that you have to touch your skin to identify your pulse, and you have to take off your clothes and use the receiver of western medicine, otherwise you can't make a diagnosis. Surprisingly, Empress Dowager Cixi made an exception and agreed one by one.
Raising Chen's orphans
According to Hangzhou Daily, Li Suizhi once raised a child named Chen. The relationship between Chen and Li Sui is very deep. When Chen lived in Hangzhou, he had to go to the broken branches for any illness. Later, when he became the governor of Shanghai, he had to come to Hangzhou and go to Li See for medical treatment. One day, Chen came to Li Sui's house again, saying that he didn't come to see a doctor, but had private affairs. It turned out that Chen became the governor of Shanghai and became a movie star. Two years later, it was inconvenient to give birth to a child in Shanghai, so he took the child to Hangzhou. Li Sui kindly promised to help Chen raise the children. Chen was assassinated the year after his children came to Hangzhou. At this time, he didn't even have a name. Li Sui's theory is called "Chen Ying's Legacy", which means that he is an orphan of Chen. By the time Chen Yingzhen was a teenager, Chiang Kai-shek had gained a firm foothold, and Chen and Chen Lifu had become hot figures. Chen Ying's legacy is their cousin, and Li Sui thinks it is better to send the children back. By the time Chen Jia arrives, the children's future will be better. However, after the rumors of the parties, Chen and Chen Lifu didn't believe it and didn't come to Joseph. At that time, Chen Yingyi was sensible enough to know that his marriage had been rejected. He later told Li Suizhi that he didn't want to take refuge in others, and he only recognized this family. Li Suizhi said, OK, you will be my son. A year later, Li Suizhi sent Chen Yingyi to Zhejiang Police School to study. After graduation, Li Suizhi's wife plans to find a girl from Hangzhou for Chen Yingyi and let him get married. But Chen Yingyi didn't agree. In front of the bronze statue of Chen on Pinghai Road, he told Li Sui's wife that he was a man of unknown origin in the troubled times of the country. He refused his mother, not because he was unfilial, but because he was afraid of delaying other people's girls and being dragged down in his later life struggle. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai. Chen Yingyi fought the Japanese army near Hongqiao China military airport and was killed with hundreds of soldiers.
Li Suizhi's Medical Diplomacy
65438-0922, the 8th World Medical Congress was held in Tokyo, Japan. At that time, China was represented by his classmate and friend Li Suizhi, and then chief education officer Tang. In ranking, the Presidium of the Congress ranked the Puppet Manchukuo and zhina respectively, and the Puppet Manchukuo was still ahead of zhina. This arrangement was carefully arranged by the Japanese. When Li Suizhi and Tang learned about it, they protested strongly and threatened to withdraw from the meeting. However, the weak countries have no diplomacy and the Japanese ignore it. Finally, they compromised and put "zhina" in front of the puppet Manchukuo. China was indeed a weak country at that time. Needless to say, military affairs and politics, culture, education and health were not mentioned. According to the regulations, all participating countries are required to send papers, but China does not. What kind of international conference, a big country with a blank chessboard, doesn't make people laugh? Li Sui thought of a way and copied several paragraphs of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Treatise on Febrile Diseases is a medical work of ancient people in China. At that time, few foreigners knew about it. Some western experts were amazed when they read the typhoid fever theory in the book. They all said they wanted to meet Mr. Zhang Zhongjing, the author of Treatise on Febrile Diseases. Taking this opportunity, Li Suizhi let westerners know a little about the profoundness of Chinese medicine.
In the early 1930s, Li Suizhi often visited Zhou Xiangxian, then the mayor of Hangzhou, because of his treatment. One day, Zhou Xiangxian told Li Suizhi with a sad face that he had encountered a tricky thing: the Japanese needed many places to advertise "Sun Beer", from one park to six parks. This advertisement is made of tin. How tall are they? They really stand up. Why don't you wrap up the West Lake? Tourists have come, and even the West Lake can't be seen. What is it like? Zhou Xiangxian didn't want to promise and didn't dare to offend the Japanese. He can't sleep well these two days. Li Suizhi said that he wanted to do something-at that time, the Japanese Consul General in Hangzhou was called Matsumura Xiongzang, who knew Li Suizhi very well and respected him very much (Li Suizhi's name was listed in the Who's Who of Japan with Lu Xun at that time). Li Suizhi and Matsumura said that if the West Lake is not built, people in Hangzhou will lose face and people in China will have no feelings. Is it disappointing that Japanese tourists come to Hangzhou and can't see the West Lake? Later, Li Suizhi suggested setting up some bells on the roadside to put advertisements on them, so as to make it convenient for passers-by to see the time, or to "advertise" Sun Beer. Isn't it the best of both worlds? Everyone in old Hangzhou knows that this is how beer advertisements on roadside chimes came about earlier. What made the mayor of Hangzhou miserable was solved in a few words through "medical diplomacy"
family member
Ancestor Jiang Ziya: the founding father of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the founder of Qi culture, an outstanding strategist, strategist and politician.
Gaozu Li E: a famous poet and scholar in Qing Dynasty, the backbone of Ci school in western Zhejiang, and the author of Chronicle of Song Poetry.
Father Li Liangyu: an official of the Qing Dynasty, a famous seal engraver, one of the founders of Xiling Printing Society and a representative of the New Zhejiang School.
Brother Li Erkang: Senior general of the Republic of China, Chairman of the Military Senate of the National Government, Lieutenant General of the Army of the National Revolutionary Army.
Brother Li: a famous educator and diplomat, a pioneer of educational exchange between China and Europe, and a representative of anti-Japanese in cultural circles.
Daughter Li Hua: a famous pediatrician, a pioneer of pediatric medicine in China, and a representative of the third and fifth National People's Congress.
Son-in-law Chen: founder and main leader of Zhejiang Democratic Progressive Party, member of the Standing Committee of the Democratic Progressive Party Central Committee, and former vice mayor of Hangzhou.
Yan Jiao, nephew: a famous diplomat and master of international law, drafted the United Nations Convention, which was affirmed by Zhou Enlai.
(The above information sources)
Personal work
Li Suizhi has published medical research articles since the beginning of the 20th century, covering many fields, such as intractable diseases research, military medical care, medical and health system, medical and health policies, medical education, medical exchanges between China and foreign countries, and research on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. Most of them were important issues that were not involved in the medical field in China at that time, which was of pioneering significance in the modern medical history of China. Li Suizhi also wrote many medical monographs such as Industrial Hygiene, which initiated the research of western medicine in China.