Put forward a topic/paper and explain its feasibility.
First, the function of art.
The function of art is realized by imperceptible influence on human consciousness.
1, cognitive function
2. Educational function
3. Aesthetic function
Second, art refers to?
In the west, the original meaning refers to "artificial skills" as opposed to "natural creation", which generally refers to various works of art made by hand, and later refers to an important branch of art, that is, the visual art part.
foreword
Chapter 1 Ancient Art (12nd Century-5th Century A.D.)
The first section strange origin
Section 2 Egyptian art
Section 3 Ancient Greek Art
Section 4 Ancient Roman Art
Chapter II Medieval Art (5th-65438+5th Century)
Section 1 Byzantine Art
Section 2 Romanesque Art
Section 3 Gothic Art
Chapter III Renaissance Art (15-16th century)
The first section Florence art
Section 2 Three Renaissance Heroes
-Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo
Section 3 Venice School of Painting
Chapter IV One of Modern Fine Arts (17-18th century)
The first section Dutch art-Rembrandt and Vermeer
Section 2 Baroque Art
Section 3 Rococo Art
Chapter V Second Modern Art (19th Century)
The first section Rodin sculpture
Impressionism before the second festival
-MANET, MANET;
Section 3 Late Impressionism
-Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh
Chapter VI Modern Art (20th Century)
Section 1 Matisse and Fauvism
Section 2 Monk and Expressionism
Picasso and Cubism in the Third Section
The fourth quarter Henry? Moore —— A New Sculpture Language
Reference book:
History of Art Development-Art Story, translated by Ingram Brich and Fan Jingzhong, Tianjin People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2004.
Collect all the wonderful things and show all the wonderful things-a volume of western painting. Li Xiaofeng Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 2002.
Ouyang Ying's Treasure House of Western Painting Art, China Youth Publishing House, 2000.
Ouyang Ying's Treasure House of Western Sculpture Art, China Youth Publishing House, 2000.
100 lecture on western oil painting in Liu Chun, Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 2007.
100 lecture on world sculpture, Wang Jiabin, Wang He, Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 2007.
First of all, Paleolithic painting
In Europe, most of them are concentrated in southern France and northern Spain, and a few are adjacent to Italy; The subjects of paintings are mostly animals, with simple lines and vivid gestures; The color is mostly dark brown, with simple shading, showing a rough style and vivid realism.
1, Spanish altamira mural
Located at the top of the main hole. Judging from the present painting traces, the colors are mainly ochre red and black, both of which are natural mineral pigments, possibly mixed with animal fat and blood. The painting tools used may be made of some animals, plants and animal hair at that time. These murals are about 30 thousand years old.
2. French Lascaux murals
Most of the animal images in murals are painted on the roof of the cave and on both sides of the tunnel. The lines are simple, red and black, and the light and shade and volume are rendered. The majestic posture is full of strong sense of rhythm.
Ancient Egyptian art
The height of the pyramid is 6 1.2m, the east-west length is 123.3m, and the north-south length is107.4m.. There are corridors and tombs at the bottom of the pyramid, a memorial temple is built next to the pyramid, and the whole building complex is surrounded by walls.
Pyramid of khufu is the first of the seven wonders of the world.
Built during the reign of King Khufu before the Fourth Dynasty (26 13 to 2494), the architect was Khufu's brother Hamin, located in Kize, near Memphis, on the west bank of the Nile. The height of the pyramid is146.5m, and each side is about 230m long. It is said that the pyramids used about 2.3 million stones of different sizes, each weighing about 2.5 tons on average. Next to pyramid of khufu, there are two pyramids of kings, khalaf and Menkaure.
The Sphinx, built in 2500 BC, is 20 meters high and 57 meters long. It is carved from a whole stone and has a huge square pyramid with a wide bottom, which is a permanent symbol of the monarchy.
Characteristics of ancient Egyptian art
1, kingship is supreme
The most typical embodiment of the ideology of slave countries, Egyptian art, as a powerful propaganda tool to maintain the existing social structure, is more reflected in serving those in power.
Pharaoh's power is supreme.
Artistic creation conveys Pharaoh's wishes and orders and abides by God's will.
Artists can only create according to the orders and ritual requirements of the greatest priest Pharaoh, and lose the right to create freely.
2. The combination of keen observation of nature and conceptual realism.
According to the actual purpose and use, so I don't pay much attention to the aesthetic feeling of the picture, but pay more attention to the comprehensiveness of the picture, and record the events as clearly as possible by means of painting and sculpture.
Follow strict rules to ensure that everything that must be shown in the painting is completely clear and prominent. Similar to drawing map markers.
Stylistic modeling
3. Stability and remembrance
Pharaoh had supreme authority, and ancient Egypt formed a closed society with ultra-stable structure.
Statutory law
The procedure of sculpture: the posture must be correct, the arms should be close to the trunk and the front should face the audience; Determine the proportion according to the character's inferiority; The characters focus on the head, and other parts are very brief; The facial contour is realistic, idealized and solemn, with almost no expression; Sculptures are colored, with black eyes, some of which are inlaid with crystals and timely materials to achieve realistic effects.
Section 3 Romanesque Art
Romanesque art:
"Romanesque" (Romanesque), by the French historian DE? Gervais first proposed. From the end of 10 to the end of 12, the artistic styles and forms throughout Europe in the Middle Ages mainly refer to architectural styles and forms. It is not the revival or reappearance of Roman art, but the combination of various artistic styles such as Near East art, ancient Roman art and Byzantine art. Generally speaking, it is considered as the predecessor of Gothic art. ..
Romanesque architectural style is more common in monasteries and churches.
Formally, it mainly draws on and absorbs some factors of Roman architecture.
Features: The wall is thick and solid, square or round, short and pithy, with a cross-shaped plane, and a huge tower stands at the center of the cross.
The heavy and steady style shows the supreme authority of feudal religion;
The representative works of Romanesque architecture began in Milan, Italy in the 1 1 century.
1, Pilgrimage Cathedral-Saint-Sese South Church is located in Toulouse, southern France, and was built at the end of1/kloc-0 to the beginning of12nd century.
The Roman church has two characteristics: one is the cross dome, and the other is the surrounding passages. The plane structure of the church is a huge cross "+"shape, which is also the most common cross, called the Roman cross.
The longest vertical arm below, which is the central hall of the church, is rectangular and is the main hall; The shorter vertical arm is called "room", which means pillow in French, the back hall of the church.
The two arms of the cross are the crossing passages of the church, which are mainly used for traffic.
2. Pisa Cathedral, located in the capital of Tuscany province in central Italy, was built to commemorate Italy's defeat of Arabs and its capture of Palermo in 1062. The complex includes the main church, the bell tower (the famous leaning tower of Pisa), the Baptist church and the cemetery.
The whole Pisa complex in Rome is covered with white marble, and green marble is used as parallel lines and decorative patterns.
Bell Tower (Leaning Tower of Pisa)
1 174~ 1350, with a height of 55 meters and a diameter of 16 meters. It is divided into eight floors, and the top floor is the bell tower. The bottom of the tower wall is about 4 meters thick and the top is more than 2 meters thick. It is a unique round tower in Italy. All made of white marble, the appearance is tall and magnificent.
The inclination to the south reaches 5.3 degrees.
Judas kiss in the Renaissance
( 1305- 1306)
In the face of danger, Jesus was fearless and calm, in stark contrast to Judas, the traitor. The depiction of crowd scenes and personality psychology is an important feature of this work.
Venus Descending
Our rock girl is probably 1483.
1, hand; Realism, realism and aestheticism.
2. Smile at the corners of your mouth; Unique and mysterious
3. Triangular composition; Solemn, compact and beautiful
The last supper (1495- 1499) is 9 meters long and 4.5 meters high.
Psychological state and expression; The environment is very spatial; Composition and meaning;
It symbolizes the contest between justice and evil in human society.
The Mona Lisa (1503- 1505) depicts La Jokangda, also known as Mrs. Jokangda's elegant, quiet and mysterious smile.
Leonardo da Vinci's artistic thoughts;
1, learn from nature. By observing nature, you can get it from your heart.
2. Art is creation. "Never imitate the style of other painters."
3. Pay attention to the depiction of characters' hearts. "A good painting should do two things, that is, describe people and their inner activities."
4, against the description of naturalism. "Be good at taking the essence from many beautiful faces."
Chapter IV One of Modern Art
● Dutch art
● Baroque art
● Rococo art
Appreciate:
Painting is dialogue.
Color and outline
Attitude and psychology
mankind
worldview
Aesthetics and ideological trend
Society: reflecting different regions and humanistic worlds.
1. What is baroque art?
Baroque is an artistic style popular in Europe in the17th century, especially in countries where Catholicism prevails. Reflected in architecture, sculpture and painting.
Baroque refers to a pearl with a large and asymmetrical shape. Baroque art is a gorgeous, brilliant and decorative artistic style. It presents an amazing luxury and warm and exciting aesthetic effect.
The overall characteristics are dynamic.
Eight artistic features of Baroque:
1) gorgeous. Luxurious, do not hesitate to use precious materials, such as marble, precious stones, bronze, gold and so on.
2) Romance. Emphasis on irrational infinite fantasies and hallucinations, trying to break harmony and calm.
3) passion. With strong emotional color, the content reflects the author's inner emotional world.
4) exercise. Movement and change are the soul; Curves, ellipses, contrast between light and shade, etc.
5) spatiality. Modeling with light and pursuing a sense of depth. Emphasize the level and depth, and try to break the plane.
6) comprehensive. The integration of architecture, sculpture and painting; The integration of various parts of the building itself; Organic integration with the surrounding environment.
7) Strong religious color. Catholicism. Theme, martyrdom, illusion, mysterious story, paradise scene, etc.
8) There is a certain tendency to deviate from real life. It is a common phenomenon in baroque art to belittle and portray people's inner activities.
Chapter V Modern Art
● MANET
● Monet
Renoir
Their works are very famous. Find it yourself.
Cezanne Gauguin Van Gogh
Post-impressionist characteristics
Art is not only a more emotional and scientific expression of objective natural things, but also an expression of the painter's subjective world and personal views.
Starting with impressionism—
Cezanne: He closely combined the concept of geometry with the color of impressionism, established a world with geometric characteristics, and emphasized structure and order through color.
Gauguin: He is keen on the mystery of art and the expression of plane decoration, and pays attention to the symbolic meaning of colors and lines.
Van Gogh: Using natural images, rich colors and twisted brushstrokes to express the stirring vitality, painting has embarked on the road of subjective expression.
It is believed that for the picture, light and shadow certainly open the viewer's visual beauty, but the unconnected emotion has become the soft rib of the work.
Emphasizing the expression of inner spiritual world has become the origin of modern western art.
I have to say, Van Gogh, sunflower
"No matter how tall you are, you will never forget where you come from." This is the sunflower spirit. Life is full of fantasies and extremes,
Loved one three times;
Pay attention to the reproduction of true feelings, he wants to show his feelings about things, not the visual image he sees.
"A series of yellow" variants, * * *11.
Color and composition are full of outrageous tendencies, showing the way flowers fly and the rich and heavy texture of sunflower seeds matured in autumn. It not only exudes the maturity of autumn, but also shows the painter's eager desire and tenacious pursuit of life more wildly. With a full and pure yellow tone, it shows the painter's fiery passion and is also the totem of his life.
These three painters jointly opened the door to modern art, and under the influence of their creative ideas and artistic concepts, animism, cubism, expressionism, abstraction and so on came into being. They completely changed the face of western painting, from objective expression to subjective expression, and modernized it. They are known as "the father of modern art".
Modernist art in the 20th century
● Fauvism
● Expressionism
● Cubism
● Modernist sculpture
1905, Fauvism headed by Matisse was born in Paris. Inspired by Cezanne's works and deeply influenced by Gauguin and Van Gogh in artistic form, Cezanne expresses his subjective feelings about the objective world with strong colors, bold lines and distorted and exaggerated characters. It is one of the earliest artistic movements formed after the twentieth century.
"Color for color's sake"
From 65438 to 0905, German expressionism came into being. They deny the objectivity of the real world and blindly pursue the artist's own subjective feelings, but they do not pay attention to pure form exploration, but regard painting language as a means to resist social reality and vent their dissatisfaction.
Therefore, artists often use powerful and discordant formal factors such as deformation, exaggeration, primitivism and fantasy to achieve the performance effect. It should be said that expressionism is a mainstream of western art from the late19th century to the 20th century.
Cubism Picasso cubism advocates the composition of subjective structure, that is, all objects are destroyed and dismembered first, and the natural form is decomposed into various geometric sections, and then subjective combination is carried out. It is a rational painting school that controls emotions.