First, more respect for market rules. At present, China's market economy pattern has been initially established, and the prices of general goods and services are basically determined by the market, but the prices of key factors are not determined by market supply and demand. This year marks the 20th anniversary of China's clear direction of market-oriented reform. It is of great significance to let the market play a fundamental role in resource allocation 20 years ago. At present, the reform and progress in core resources, elements and industries are limited and the threshold is very high. The government has too many resources and excessively participates in microeconomic activities. However, the key to development caused by excessive administrative power is not to compete for the market, but to strive for resources controlled by the government.
Reflect on what is market economy, or what is the essential feature of market economy? Generally speaking, market economy is a concept corresponding to planned economy. It requires the market as the main way to allocate resources, the rule of law as the basic guarantee to maintain the market economic order, emphasizing that all market participants are equal, advocating honesty and credit, encouraging free competition, and opposing excessive government intervention in economic operation. Therefore, the market economy is both a free economy and a legal economy.
Since the market economy is a free economy, to solve the crisis, we must first break the monopoly of state-owned capital in various fields, give private capital an equal market position, and let private capital smoothly enter the fields of finance, energy, communication, railway transportation, medical care, education and so on, and participate in market competition fairly. At the same time, state-owned capital should also completely withdraw from competitive industries or at least be limited to the non-holding level. Because only in this way can we effectively avoid unfair competition between state-owned capital and private capital in competitive industries or fields with the help of state power, create a fully open, fair and reasonable market environment for free competition, enable private capital to make rational investment according to market demand, and promote the healthy, stable and orderly development of China's market economy.
Because the market economy is an economy ruled by law, it is necessary to clarify the role and power boundary of the government through legislation, turn the omnipotent government into a limited government through political system reform, supervise the government's administration according to law, return what should be regulated by the market to the market, and return what should be regulated by the law to the law. Only in this way can the government completely abandon its traditional thinking and customary practice of setting economic growth targets, ignoring the objective laws of market economy, taking control measures at will and forcibly intervening in economic development, so that all parties can have a clear and stable expectation of China's market economic environment.
Second, give full play to the role of the government. This requires the government to better play its due role and solve the phenomenon of "dislocation", "offside" and "absence" of government functions in the past.
We should weaken the micro-management function of the government, further delegate power to the market and build a service-oriented government. Jiang Sixian, deputy to the 18th CPC National Congress and secretary of Sanya Municipal Party Committee, said: "The main function of the government is to provide public services and public products, and create an environment for the development of market economy, rather than regulation." Gao Shangquan said that whatever market players have the ability to do well should be left to market players, and the main responsibility of the government is to create a level playing field for market players. Comprehensively promote administration according to law. The government should stop taking care of things that should not be managed, can't be managed and can't be managed well, but mainly perform the functions of economic regulation, market supervision, social management and public services. To this end, we should continue to promote the separation of government and enterprise, political capital, political affairs, government and market intermediary organizations, put an end to direct intervention in the production and operation of enterprises, and truly shift our focus to serving market players and creating a good development environment; Establish a correct outlook on political achievements, establish a comprehensive evaluation system of economic and social development that reflects the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development and building a harmonious society, and standardize and institutionalize the correct outlook on political achievements and employment orientation. We should continue to promote administration according to law in accordance with the requirements of administration according to law, reasonable administration, due process, high efficiency and convenience, honesty and trustworthiness, and unity of powers and responsibilities; Establish a government accountability system in an all-round way, and earnestly ensure that the right must be responsible, the right to use is supervised, the infringement must be compensated, and those who violate the law must be prosecuted.
Improve the efficiency of government macro-management, and actively play the role of government in guiding and regulating the market. It is necessary to innovate government management methods, further narrow the scope of administrative examination and approval, simplify and standardize administrative examination and approval procedures, and make full use of economic and legal means to implement administrative management. At the same time, improve the scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism, improve the system of collective decision-making, expert consultation, public hearing, and accountability for decision-making mistakes; Open government affairs, improve the government press release system and improve the transparency of government work. Improve the organizational structure of the government and explore the establishment of an administrative operation structure and mechanism that is prudent in decision-making, fast in implementation, efficient and responsible. In addition, we should make full use of the advantages of developed modern transportation and communication and convenient information transmission, streamline the management level and expand the management radius.
Third, better handle the relationship between the government and the market. Attention should also be paid to strengthening the organic coordination and cooperation between the two. We should not only prevent the tendency of denying the direction of market-oriented reform, but also prevent the tendency of only stressing marketization and ignoring the role of the government. Economic development is not a fixed collocation and plan, but also depends on the "invisible hand" of the market. The market should play a fundamental role, but at the same time it should cultivate the role of the government, because the market cannot solve all problems, which requires the government to provide rules and environment for the market, provide necessary protection for the vulnerable groups in the market, and provide effective guidance and promotion for the healthy economic development in the transition period. Therefore, we should solve three main problems: first, market demand, second, capital supply, and third, enterprise vitality. Therefore, in the relationship between the government and the market, we should focus on promoting three major reforms: income distribution reform, financial reform and creating an environment of equal competition for all kinds of enterprises.
The reform of income distribution mainly solves the market problem, which is conducive to transforming China's potential demand into real demand and effectively expanding domestic demand. At present, the proportion of household income in national income is not high, which greatly inhibits household consumption. Only through the reform of primary income distribution, efforts should be made to realize the synchronization of residents' income growth and economic development, the synchronization of labor remuneration growth and labor productivity improvement, and the synchronization of the proportion of residents' income in national income distribution and labor remuneration in primary distribution, can the real income level and consumption power of residents be truly improved. If China's huge domestic market and huge domestic demand potential are tapped, the long-term sustainable development of China's economy will be basically and solidly supported. This requires mobilizing the role of the market to improve economic efficiency and the role of the government to achieve social equity.
Financial reform can greatly improve the efficiency of capital allocation and resolve financial risks. At present, on the one hand, a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are "difficult to borrow", and high-interest loans are prevalent in some places; On the other hand, residents lack effective investment channels. In the financial reform, it is particularly important to relax access and steadily promote the market-oriented reform of interest rates and exchange rates. Only by forming a financial market system with complementary functions, multi-level trading places and diversified trading products, encouraging, guiding and standardizing private capital to enter the financial service field, stimulating the vitality of various financial market entities, and promoting the marketization of interest rates, can the financing costs of enterprises be effectively reduced, a fair market environment be formed, credit policies and industrial policies be more closely integrated, and the problems of financing difficulties and high financing in the real economy can be effectively solved.
Creating an environment of equal competition for all kinds of enterprises can achieve the effect of killing many birds with one stone, which can not only solve the fund problem urgently needed by infrastructure, but also give play to the flexible advantages of private capital mechanism, improve the operational efficiency of infrastructure-related fields, and solve the unfair phenomenon of excessive income in monopoly industries. Therefore, the government should ensure that all kinds of ownership economies use production factors equally according to law, participate in market competition fairly and be equally protected by law; Support and guide the development of non-public economy, eliminate tangible and intangible barriers, relax market access and standardize market order; Support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote employment, entrepreneurship and innovation; By improving the market environment, we can fully stimulate the vitality of various market players.
To sum up, the development of market economy has its own laws, and market laws need certain conditions and environment to play a role. The government should create the necessary conditions and environment for the market to play its role, and at the same time provide sufficient public services and social security for the development of the market economy. In the period of economic and social transformation, the government also needs to provide effective guidance and promotion for sustained and healthy economic and social development. Of course, the government in a market economy is not omnipotent. Unreasonable restrictive rules and regulations and complicated examination and approval procedures will not only make up for market failure, but also inhibit the normal play of market laws and mechanisms. Therefore, the government must consciously define its own economic behavior, accelerate the transformation of functions, and provide a good policy environment for the sustained and healthy development of the market economy.