He was one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and he was called "Su San" with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe.
Su Dongpo abides by traditional etiquette in politics and has the ambition to change the four evils, so his career is bumpy.
His personality is heroic, and his poems are bold, fresh and vigorous, which created the unrestrained school.
He is open-minded, and although calligraphy is learned from the ancients, it can create new ideas and be full of childlike interest.
At the same time, he is good at painting and likes making strange stones.
Su Dongpo claimed that there were three inferior things in his life, namely, drinking, playing chess and singing.
But his poems, books and paintings are praised by later generations.
Su Shi, a scholar of scholarly family, is a man of profound words, and also a Yu and Zhong, who is called Dongpo lay man.
Meishan, Meizhou (now meishan county, Sichuan) was born in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, that is, December 19th, the third year of Emperor Renzong's reign.
Mother Cheng is Cheng's daughter, who grew up in a big school (equivalent to the President of the Supreme Court).
Born in a scholarly family, I have heard and heard since I was a child, so my morality and knowledge are quite good.
Su Shi is lucky to have such a mother, so she can get a good tutor.
Grandfather Su Xun and others are happy about his birth. Three years later, my younger brother Su Zhe was born.
According to the Su Family Tree compiled by Su Xun, the ancestors of the Su family can be traced back to Su Weidao, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty.
But the truth is hard to determine, but what is certain is that Su Shi's ancestors can be traced back to Su Jian five dynasties ago.
Su Xun, Su Shi's father, is eager to take the imperial examination. However, it was too late for him to start studying, about the time after Su Shi was born. He has been standing for several years, but he has repeatedly failed, and he can only sigh that he is incompetent. Therefore, he has great expectations for Su Shi and Su Zhe. Soon after Su Shi was born, Su Xun went to Kyoto to study, so Su Shi was never taught by his father until he was eight years old. He was originally inspired by his mother. Later, Cheng was deeply convinced of Taoism and ordered him to worship Zhang Weishi, a Taoist priest in Tianqing, and study with more than 100 young children in the town. Su Shi and Chen Taichu, who later became local collectors, are often praised by Mr. Private Pad. At that time, the children of official families in China generally hired tutors to teach their studies at home, while Su Shi and the children in the town sat in private seats of Taoism to study, which was a very common educational place for ordinary people. The children who study in private schools are all children of businessmen and farmers. Su Wan spent his childhood in a private school, which cultivated his common character and was of great benefit to his future career as an official.
Su Shi studied in Tianqing Pavilion for three years. At the age of ten, his mother taught him to read the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. When he read the biography of Fan Bangguan, he was deeply moved. She sighed unconsciously and said to her mother, "If her son is like slanderers, will her mother be happy?" Cheng said, "If you can slander like Fan, can't I be honored as the mother of Fan?" Because Su Shi was gifted at an early age, he made rapid progress under the guidance of his mother.
Drifting and drifting
Su Shi was later transferred to Xuzhou (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province) and Huzhou (now Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng (AD 1079), in the third month of his transfer to Huzhou, one day, he suddenly broke into an imperial envoy of the imperial court and was arrested in Beijing. It turned out to be a group of court officials who had bad blood with Su Shi. In order to please Wang Anshi, he accused him of distorting the facts in his poems and slandering the court, and asked the emperor to order judicial officials to convict him. Soon, Su Shi was sent to prison, which is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case".
Su Shi did write many poems satirizing the new law when he passed the sentence in Hangzhou. For example, the fourth song of "Five Wonders in a Mountain Village" said: "The money is gone in a hurry. Winning children's pronunciation is good, and it is better to be in the city for a year and a half. " This poem satirizes the poor implementation of the young crops law. Officials forced farmers to borrow money, and then opened local casinos and brothels to get the money back. But this is a poem after all, and it should not constitute a crime. However, the serious political struggle around the new law has evolved into a sectarian struggle for power and profit. Su Shi's poems offended the nouveau riche who had been promoted and made a fortune, and it was inevitable to be convicted.
Su Shi was interrogated for more than one hundred days. Li Ding, Su Shi's political opponent, and others tried their best to accuse Luo Zhi in an attempt to kill Su Shi. Their despicable behavior aroused many people's dissatisfaction.
In addition to people from Huzhou and Hangzhou, monks were invited to recite scriptures to pray for Su Shi, and Zhang, the former prince's teacher, and Fan Zhen, the former assistant minister of the official department, interceded for him, so that the situation was eased. In addition, Cao Huang (his grandmother), who loved literature and was ill, interceded for him. In the end, Su Shi was only convicted of "satirizing politics". On February 28th of that year, Emperor Zongshen sentenced him to exile in Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province), and Su Shi was finally saved from death.
In the third year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1080), Su Shi was demoted to be the assistant envoy of Yingyong in Huangzhou and just arrived in Huangzhou. He has a hard life, no salary, and even a place to live is a problem. Later, I had to live in Dinghui Garden for a while and eat with monks every day. The family lived a frugal life with the only money left. My old friend Ma Zhengqing can't stand it anymore. He got dozens of acres of wasteland in the east of the city for him to farm and build houses. He sweated profusely on Dongpo and worked hard, with his wife Wang at his side, and the husband and wife shared joys and sorrows.
Because Su Shi cultivated land in Dongpo personally, he has deep feelings for this place that was once full of weeds. He praised this Dongpo as a rocky and difficult road. He should walk optimistically on the bumpy road of life and not avoid difficulties and dangers. He regards Dongpo as a symbol of his personality. After a year of hard work, Su Shi built a study next to Dongpo, named Dongpo Tang Xue, hence the name Dongpo Jushi.
After the impact of the literary inquisition, Su Shi had a lot to say in his chest. Although he has been suppressing his passion and doesn't want to write any more poems, can he suppress his creative passion? On the one hand, he pours out his grievances and injustices in his poems, on the other hand, he looks for indifferent and complacent joy in his daily life to maintain his psychological balance. Whenever he is free, he looks around for a quiet place to visit and live leisurely. This period is a peak of Su Shi's literary creation.
There are two reasons: first, in recent years, he has studied hard and made new progress in knowledge. Second, because of the Wutai Poetry Case, he deeply realized some shortcomings in his life, so he wrote many articles related to self-cultivation, such as "Former Red Cliff Fu", just to discuss the truth of life changing and unchanging. In addition to the above-mentioned "Thousand Cliffs Fu", he also made works such as "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Post-Red Cliff Fu" to illustrate his broad-minded attitude towards life. At this time, Su Shi not only reached the peak in literary and artistic attainments, but also reached a very high level in the principle of being a man. Su Shi's articles are bold and unrestrained, beautiful and smooth, his poems are fresh and vigorous, he makes good use of exaggerated metaphors and has a unique artistic expression. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. He is good at running script and regular script, and can create new ideas by learning from Li Yi, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, which makes him look naive.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Zongshen ordered Su Shi to leave Huangzhou and changed Ruzhou (now runan county, Henan Province) to Ying Yongzhu. When passing by Jinling (now Nanjing), they met Wang Anshi, their political enemy, and they had a very speculative talk. At this time, Dongpo was still rude to Wang Anshi, and kindly accused Wang Anshi of not fighting in the West for years, resulting in the Southeast Prison, which violated the kind style of his ancestors. At this time, Wang Anshi has gone through many vicissitudes and his mind has been broadened. Instead of being surprised, he said to others, "I really don't know that there will be a figure like Dongpo in another hundred years!" "
Political affairs are difficult.
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi was forty-nine years old, and Song Shenzong rehabilitated him. He was appointed as the governor of Dengzhou (now Penglai County, Shandong Province), and only ten days later, he was called by the court to serve as a doctor of rites. In the twelfth month of this year, he was transferred back to Kaifeng, Kyoto, as a living person. In March of the eighth year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1085), Zongshen, who vigorously promoted the new law, died 19 years later. Only 10-year-old Zhezong acceded to the throne, and the queen mother listened to politics and vigorously promoted the old people. Dongpo was recalled to the DPRK, and the queen mother ordered him to sit down and give him tea, and then sprinkled a golden lotus candlestick to send him back to the hospital. With the abolition of the new law by the empress dowager, the political situation began to reverse, and the ministers of the new law school, as the center of political power, were excluded. Sima Guang and other former dignitaries were able to regain power. Later historians called it "Yuan Ku Genghua", and the old legalists continued to take power.
In the second year, Su Shi was promoted to the position of Chinese Book Sheren, a bachelor of Hanlin, a master of language and an attendant. Su Shi left Beijing for less than a year and was promoted three times, but now Su Shi has no interest in being an official. After Su Shi came to Beijing, he found that some new policies that had been implemented for more than ten years had achieved considerable results. After Sima Guang came to power, the chaos was completely abolished. He is a little dissatisfied. Dongpo was originally one of the masters who opposed the New Deal, but his words, deeds and opinions were not aimed at people. Now he has a further friendship with Wang Anshi, a certain understanding of the New Deal, and his attitude has naturally changed. He believes that the "exemption law" in the New Deal is particularly prominent, which contributes to the present and benefits the future. He urged Sima Guang to adopt it, but Sima Guang resolutely refused. In this way, conservatives will say that he is Wang Anshi's new school. However, the new faction did not regard him as one of their own, so Dongpo became a figure in the cracks, and neither side was pleased.
In September of this year, Sima Guang, the leader of the old school of law, died, which split the old school of law and trapped people in an ugly dispute over the school valve. The Luo Party led by Cheng Yi, a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, is at loggerheads with the Shu Party led by Su Shi and others, and the Shuo Party is also involved, but it is also entangled. Factional disputes have intensified, even involving defamation of private affairs.
After four years of drought in Yuan Dynasty, Su Shi wanted to leave this troubled place, so he asked to be transferred to Hangzhou Governor Ye. As soon as he took office, Hangzhou people burned incense and lined up to welcome him. Unexpectedly, Su Shi suffered serious natural disasters and diseases just after taking office. Later, he built the first public hospital in China here. During his tenure as governor, Su Shi built the West Lake Su Causeway, which is as famous as Bai Juyi's Bai Causeway. In six years, Yuan You was named a bachelor of Hanlin and served as a squire. However, he was rejected by the radical Shuo Party. Within a few months, he was transferred to Yingzhou (now Fuyang City, Anhui Province) and left the court. The following year, he was transferred to Yangzhou (Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). In September of the seventh year of Yuan You (A.D. 1092), Su Shi was recalled to the imperial court and became the minister of war. 1 1 month, was promoted to the position of Shangshu, the highest position since Su Shi took office.