James clerk maxwell is another great scientist who integrated electromagnetism after Faraday. 183113 was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was very clever since he was a child, and his father was a knowledgeable lawyer, which made Maxwell get a good education since he was a child. /kloc-entered Edinburgh middle school at the age of 0/0. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, he published a paper on the drawing of conic curves in the Journal of Edinburgh Royal Society, which has shown his outstanding talent. 65438-0847 entered the University of Edinburgh to study mathematics and physics. 1850 transferred to the Department of Mathematics, Trinity College, Cambridge University. 1854 won the Smith Scholarship with the second place and stayed in school for two years after graduation. From 65438 to 0856, he was a professor of natural philosophy at Marisa, Aberdeen, Scotland. 1860 Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, King's College London. 186 1 was elected as a member of the Royal Society of London. 1In the spring of 865, he resigned from his teaching post and returned to his hometown. He systematically summarized his research achievements in electromagnetism and completed the classic masterpiece of electromagnetic field theory, On Electricity and Magnetism [1], which was published in 1876+0 and published in187/kloc-0. After the completion of 1874, he served as the first director of this laboratory until 10 died in Cambridge on October 5. Maxwell is mainly engaged in electromagnetic theory, molecular physics, statistical physics, optics, mechanics and elasticity theory. In particular, his electromagnetic field theory, which unifies electricity, magnetism and light, is the most brilliant achievement of the development of physics in the19th century and one of the greatest complexes in the history of science. He predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. This theory was predicted and fully verified by experiments. He erected a monument to physics. Radio technology for the benefit of mankind is developed on the basis of electromagnetic field theory. Maxwell began to study electromagnetism around 1855. After studying Faraday's new theory and thought about electromagnetism, he firmly believes that Faraday's new theory contains truth. So he held the desire to "provide the foundation of mathematical methods" for Faraday's theory and determined to express Faraday's genius thought in clear and accurate mathematical form. On the basis of predecessors' achievements, he made a systematic and comprehensive study of electromagnetic phenomena, and with his profound mathematical attainments and rich imagination, he successively published three theoretical papers on electromagnetic fields: On Faraday's magnetic field lines (from 1855 to1856); The line of force in physics (186 1 to1862); Electromagnetic field dynamics theory (1864 65438+February 8). Summarizing predecessors' and own work comprehensively, the electromagnetic field theory is expressed in a concise, symmetrical and perfect mathematical form, and after finishing and rewriting by later generations, it becomes Maxwell equations as the main foundation of classical electrodynamics. Accordingly, in 1865, he predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, which can only be shear waves, and calculated that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is equal to the speed of light. At the same time, he concluded that light is a form of electromagnetic wave, revealing the relationship between light phenomenon and electromagnetic phenomena. 1888 German physicist Hertz verified the existence of electromagnetic waves through experiments. Maxwell published his scientific masterpiece Electromagnetic Theory in 1873. The electromagnetic field theory is systematically, comprehensively and perfectly expounded. This theory has become one of the important pillars of classical physics. Maxwell also made important contributions to thermodynamics and statistical physics. He is one of the founders of gas dynamics theory. 1859, he obtained Maxwell's velocity distribution law for the first time by using statistical laws, thus finding a more accurate method to calculate the statistical average from two microscopic aspects. In 1866, he gave a new method to deduce the molecular distribution function by velocity, which was based on the forward and backward collision analysis. He introduced the concept of relaxation time, developed the general transport theory and applied it to gas diffusion, heat conduction and internal friction. The term "statistical mechanics" was introduced in 1867. Maxwell is a master who uses mathematical tools to analyze physical problems and accurately express scientific ideas. He attaches great importance to experiments. The Cavendish laboratory established by him, under the leadership of him and several subsequent directors, has developed into one of the world-famous academic centers. He is good at starting from experiments, after keen observation and thinking, using skillful mathematical skills, starting from careful analysis and reasoning, boldly putting forward hypotheses with experimental basis, establishing new theories, and then making the theories and their predicted conclusions tested by experiments, gradually perfecting and forming a systematic and complete theory. Especially, Thomas W's effective use of analogy inspired Maxwell to become an expert in establishing various models and studying different physical phenomena by analogy. In his three papers on electromagnetic field theory, he used analogy research methods many times to find the connection between different phenomena, thus gradually revealing scientific truth. 1888, Hertz successfully proved the existence of electromagnetic waves through experiments, and Maxwell's theory won supreme glory. Maxwell's rigorous scientific attitude and scientific research methods are extremely valuable spiritual wealth of mankind.