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abstract:
Based on the perspective of ecosystem, this paper analyzes the logistics cost composition of aviation industry, studies the existing problems in logistics cost control of aviation industry at present, and puts forward corresponding cost control strategies, so as to reduce the logistics cost of enterprises and promote the healthy development of aviation manufacturing industry.
Key words:
Aviation manufacturing industry; Ecosystem; Logistics cost; Control strategy;
Introduction:
As one of the main components of national defense industry, aviation industry has become the embodiment of a country's comprehensive strength in science and technology, economy, national defense and modern industry. Vigorously developing China's aviation industry is very important for maintaining national defense strategic security and promoting national economic construction. It is also an important means to promote the adjustment and upgrading of China's industrial structure, promote the development of high-end manufacturing industry and enhance comprehensive national strength. As the most important part of aviation industry, the high-quality sustainable development of aviation manufacturing industry has become the key to promote the development of aviation industry. However, at present, the logistics cost in China is generally high, which seriously restricts the rapid development of aviation manufacturing industry. The "big and complete" production mode of aviation manufacturing industry also determines the length of its entire industrial chain. Therefore, taking the aviation manufacturing industry as an example, this paper introduces the concept of ecosystem, analyzes the logistics cost of aviation manufacturing industry from this perspective, and puts forward targeted solutions in order to reduce the logistics cost of aviation manufacturing enterprises and promote their healthy and sustainable development.
1. Definition and characteristics of logistics cost of aviation manufacturing industry from the perspective of ecosystem
By studying the definition of ecosystem by many scholars at home and abroad, combined with the composition of aviation manufacturing industry supply chain, this paper defines aviation manufacturing industry ecosystem as: in a certain area, aviation manufacturing industry as the main body, gathering upstream and downstream related enterprises, forming an ecological community with surrounding government, transportation and other environmental factors, and connecting them through logistics and information flow to form a diversified and compound aviation manufacturing industry ecosystem. Logistics cost refers to the sum of manpower, material resources and financial resources spent through various logistics activities such as transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, packaging and processing. The logistics cost of aviation manufacturing industry from the perspective of ecosystem is the sum of logistics activity costs based on the whole system level and on the premise of meeting customer needs.
Aviation manufacturing industry is a high-end equipment manufacturing industry in China, which has different logistics characteristics from other manufacturing industries: most of the goods transported are high value-added and high-precision products. For example, in the transportation of aero-engines and large parts, in order to prevent damage due to excessive vibration during transportation, special vehicles with shock absorption and oversized transport vehicles are needed. Large parts of aircraft usually exceed the load range of general means of transport and need special large means of transport; Usually multimodal transport is adopted. Because the production enterprises are far away from the assembly plant, they will adopt various modes of transportation, involving multiple loading and unloading, and the technical requirements for loading and unloading are relatively high. Global procurement, many categories, need to import a lot of air materials, involving various logistics links. At the same time, there are many kinds of aviation materials, and some materials can only be transported under special circumstances.
2. Problems in logistics cost control of aviation manufacturing industry.
2. 1 excessive storage cost
In order to ensure their normal production and operation, aviation manufacturing enterprises often hold a certain amount of inventory. Because most aviation manufacturing enterprises ignore inventory management, the storage cost of enterprises remains high. First of all, the warehouse infrastructure has not been upgraded, which can not guarantee the storage environment required for aviation materials, resulting in deterioration and rust of stored materials and waste. Secondly, enterprises only consider how to maximize the space utilization efficiency of warehouses, ignoring the necessity of reasonable classification of materials and planning corresponding storage points, resulting in an increase in loading and unloading costs. Finally, the warehouse did not comply with the first-in-first-out standard, and many materials under normal standards were not treated in time because they were stored in unqualified warehouses for a long time, which led to the slow rate of turning materials into waste products and greatly increased the storage cost.
2.2 Excessive packaging costs
Different packaging materials, the size of the packaging box and the different packaging methods will greatly affect the final packaging cost. As far as aviation manufacturing enterprises are concerned, the packaging cost usually accounts for only 10% of the total logistics cost, but the packaging cost of some materials is as high as 20%~30%. First, in the packaging process, due to improper selection of packaging materials, high-grade materials such as zinc plating and tin plating are used instead of low-priced materials, which increases the packaging cost. Secondly, the packaging size is too large and the level is too high, which exceeds the packaging demand and causes the waste of packaging materials. Finally, the loss of high-end packaging materials is too large to be effectively recycled, which also invisibly increases the packaging cost of aviation manufacturing enterprises.
2.3 Excessive processing costs
Handling plays an important role in logistics cost. Its frequency in logistics activities is much higher than other logistics activities. Due to the backward infrastructure and lack of efficient mechanical equipment, the time-consuming of each loading and unloading activity increases, and the manpower consumed in loading and unloading activities also increases accordingly, and the breakage rate of handling materials is high. In addition, the available space of the warehouse is small, and all materials cannot be placed neatly after arrival, which leads to extrusion and accumulation and serious damage to materials. Unreasonable warehouse design leads to long-distance and ineffective handling of materials during loading and unloading, which is easy to damage goods and directly leads to the increase of loading and unloading costs.
2.4 logistics management system is not perfect
In the process of logistics management of aviation manufacturing enterprises, in order to reasonably implement logistics activities and effectively organize the collection, transmission and application of information related to logistics activities, it is necessary to establish a perfect logistics management system. Although some aviation manufacturing enterprises have introduced logistics management system, the system is too simple, and some functions can no longer meet the requirements of aviation manufacturing industry for logistics and transportation management at this stage, which still stays at an old and single level, resulting in poor flexibility and management ability of the whole logistics system. Moreover, the logistics information systems of some aviation manufacturing enterprises have not been connected with the platforms of upstream and downstream enterprises in the whole ecosystem, and have not exchanged and shared information with other related enterprises.
3. Logistics cost control strategy of aviation manufacturing industry under ecosystem.
3. 1 Establish an intelligent logistics warehousing system to reduce warehousing costs.
Compared with traditional logistics storage facilities, automated intelligent storage can meet the same storage needs with less manpower and less land. First of all, using intelligent logistics warehousing system, enterprises can build an intelligent product traceability network system and realize a visual intelligent management network system of logistics process. Based on sensing, RFID and other technologies, fully automatic intelligent warehousing will be built to meet the demand and reduce the labor cost. Secondly, intelligent logistics warehousing based on the Internet of Things, using data warehouse and RFID identification technology, can bring automatic and intelligent management and decision-making basis for aviation manufacturing enterprises, and can save the capital occupation of upstream and downstream enterprises in the aviation manufacturing industry ecosystem. Finally, under the overall control of the system, the automatic and intelligent three-dimensional warehouse can effectively coordinate the automatic storage and scientific placement of goods, and strengthen and protect special materials with high value. For the goods with large storage size and heavy weight, the system automatically adopts the cooperation of heavy stacker and trolley during the storage and retrieval of the warehouse to solve the storage and transportation problems of large goods.
3.2 Optimize the logistics system and reduce the logistics information cost.
Relying on the operation of aviation manufacturing enterprises, optimize their own logistics system and find a logistics operation mode suitable for their own development. A perfect logistics system can effectively enhance the competitiveness of aviation manufacturing enterprises and improve their income level. At the same time, goods information can be transmitted quickly through the system, which enables enterprises to handle all kinds of logistics business accurately and quickly and obtain real-time and accurate logistics information. From the perspective of the whole ecosystem, optimizing the logistics system can not only coordinate the relationship between enterprises in the system, but also enable enterprises to cooperate with each other in the process of optimizing the logistics system, thus improving the efficiency of the overall logistics operation, and can also connect the logistics activities of enterprises, thus realizing the process integration of the whole ecosystem and effectively reducing the cost of logistics information.
3.3 Optimize the operation mode and reduce the loading and unloading cost.
For enterprises, reducing loading and unloading costs is one of the effective ways to control logistics costs. First of all, improve the mechanization of loading and unloading operations, upgrade loading and unloading equipment, optimize loading and unloading paths, shorten loading and unloading distances, improve loading and unloading efficiency, and thus reduce logistics costs. Secondly, the labor-saving of loading and unloading operations is realized by using gravity factors. For example, through the weight of the goods themselves, the unnecessary power loss can be reduced. In addition, mechanical equipment can be fully utilized to realize large-scale loading and unloading. Container units are used to containerize goods, and then the container units are loaded and unloaded in batches by mechanical equipment, which reduces the unit loading and unloading cost. Finally, realize the standardization of loading and unloading operations. Standardization of loading and unloading is not only beneficial to saving loading and unloading time, improving working efficiency, but also reducing loading and unloading loss to some extent.
3.4 Optimize the packaging scheme and reduce the packaging cost.
First of all, packaging mechanization. The mechanization of packaging can not only improve the labor productivity, thus reducing the packaging cost, but also reduce the total number of employees needed for packaging operations by adopting machinery, thus realizing labor saving and greatly reducing the labor wages and expenses of packaging personnel. Secondly, give priority to recyclable packaging materials. Taking the aluminum packaging materials of aviation manufacturing enterprises as an example, the cost of using disposable wooden packaging boxes is about several hundred yuan, but if iron packaging boxes are used, the packaging cost can be greatly reduced because they can be recycled. Third, the standardization of packaging. Realizing the standardization of packaging specifications can not only promote the development of large-scale production in packaging industry, but also reduce the unit consumption and packaging cost of packaging materials through large-scale production. Finally, the packaging unit is large-scale and containerized. Large container units facilitate the mechanized operation of loading and unloading goods and save packaging materials, thus greatly reducing packaging costs.
4. Concluding remarks
With the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive national strength and economic development, the high logistics cost has become a problem that restricts the rapid development of aviation manufacturing enterprises. Logistics cost control has not only aroused great concern of society and enterprises, but also become a key factor for aviation manufacturing enterprises to improve their core competitiveness. For China's aviation manufacturing enterprises, improving the modern logistics system, strengthening mutual cooperation with related enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the ecosystem, and effectively participating in the logistics cost management process based on the idea of supply chain management are effective means to save logistics costs and improve logistics efficiency, and are also the future development direction of aviation manufacturing enterprises.
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