1. Horizontal. The design focuses on the horizontal shape that extends horizontally. The middle is slightly convex, and the left and right ends are designed with elegant curves. Its greatest feature is that it can be appreciated from any angle. Mostly used for dining tables, coffee tables and conference tables.

2. Triangle. Flowers can be inserted into regular triangles, isosceles triangles or equilateral triangles, and their shapes are simple and stable, giving people a sense of balance, stability, simplicity and solemnity. Most of them are used for ceremonies, business opening, gift baskets and so on. If used in grand occasions such as large-scale cultural performances, it will also show luxury.

3. l-shaped The two sides are vertically combined, and the left and right are in an unbalanced state. Suitable for placing against the wall in the corner of the room. L-shape often plays an important role in the composition of some spikes. Big flowers and big fruits are used in corners, and small flowers stretch forward by themselves, giving people an open and upward feeling.

4. Fan-shaped. According to the basic triangular flower arrangement shape, the middle is radial and forms a fan shape. Suitable for large space display.

5. inverted t-shape. The whole design focuses on the inverted T-shaped structure. The ratio of vertical line to left and right horizontal lines is 2: 1, which gives people a modern feeling and is suitable for decoration in the environment with small left and right space.

6. Vertical. The overall shape is vertical and upward, giving people the feeling of extending upward. Suitable for displaying in high and narrow space.

7. Oval, elegant and luxurious shape. A large number of flowers are used and inserted in groups. The requirements for structure and contrast are relatively low, showing a natural sense of roundness. Classical vases, as containers, should be placed in places with large space such as churches or ceremonies.

8. Inclined type. The shape is an equilateral triangle. The length of the main branch depends on the situation, and the whole composition has the characteristics of left and right imbalance. It is mostly used for linear flowers, which can effectively express the beauty of stretching and nature.

There are crescent shape, S shape, spherical shape, crown shape and free opening shape.

(2) Determination of the size of flower arrangement

The proportion of flower materials and flower devices should be coordinated. Generally speaking, the height of flower arrangement (that is, the height of the first main branch) should not exceed 1.5-2 times of the height of the flower arrangement container, and the height of the container is calculated by the diameter of the bottle mouth plus its own height. After the first main branch height is determined, the second main branch height is 2/3 of the first main branch height, and the third main branch height is 1/ of the second main branch height. The third main branch plays a balanced role in composition, and the number is unlimited, but the proportion of size should be coordinated. Naturally, the proportion of flower materials and flower devices in flower arrangement must be appropriate, so as to be scattered and dense, and avoid exposure, shrinking head and unkempt appearance. Conventional flower arrangement and abstract flower arrangement are best handled according to the golden ratio, that is, the bottle height is 3, the flower material height is 5, the total height is 8, and the ratio is 3:.

(C) color configuration of flower arrangement

The color arrangement of flower arrangement is not only a portrait of nature, but also an exaggeration of nature. The choice of main color should be suitable for the use environment. Strong and warm colors (red, orange and yellow) are suitable for holiday parties, dance halls, restaurants and exhibition halls. Bright and clean neutral color is suitable for study, living room and bedroom; Cold colors (light yellow, green, blue, purple and white) are commonly used in funeral places.

As far as the types of flowers are concerned, the wood is deep and powerful, and the grass is bright and lovely. Natural floral art is dominated by colorful colors. Even if there are no flowers, pine and cypress can be the main characters. The floral pattern is rich in color, fiery and warm, and the contrasting colors can also be integrated into the same work.

As far as the color matching of flowers and containers is concerned, the simple and clean fine vase and elegant chrysanthemum have a sense of coordination; Strong and decorative dahlias, with thick clay pots with black glaze, can show their rough charm; Light blue water sprouts a low-density pink daisy or Xiao Ju; Gerbera jamesonii should be inserted into a crystal clear glass flask with branches wrapped around the bottle.

As far as the characteristics of eastern and western floral art are concerned, western floral art is flourishing, with strong colors and strong contrast; Oriental floral art, on the other hand, is dominated by natural beauty, with light and elegant colors, and is good at elegance.

Flower arrangement type

(1) According to the use, it can be roughly divided into ceremonial flower arrangement and artistic flower arrangement.

Etiquette flower arrangement refers to flower arrangement for social etiquette, weddings, funerals and other special purposes. It can convey friendship, affection and love, and can express welcome, respect, congratulations, mourning and mourning. The situation is often relatively fixed and simple.

Artistic flower arrangement refers to a kind of flower arrangement that does not require special social etiquette and is mainly used for artistic appreciation and beautifying the decorative environment.

(2) According to artistic style, it can be divided into oriental flower arrangement, western flower arrangement and modern freestyle flower arrangement.

Oriental flower arrangement can be divided into Chinese flower arrangement and Japanese flower arrangement.

China's floral art has developed from the pre-Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty, the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Six Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the present age. Natural truth: according to the natural ecology of flowers and trees, grasp the seasonal changes. Humanistic goodness: economic utility, human harmony and flower morality (flower culture). The sanctity of religion: offering flowers to Buddha, practicing with flowers, and worshiping flowers. The beauty of art: flower art, flower art, comprehensive art type Garden flowers: planted in the garden, considering the growth posture of plant art, potted plants: planted in pots and bowls, the roots still exist, which can be matched with flowers. Catch flowers: treat flowers as ornaments and pay attention to the collocation of clothes and flowers. Wear flowers: insert flowers on your head or lapel, and pay attention to the relationship between flowers and clothes. Flower basket flower: insert it in the flower basket, and pay attention to the pro-supporting effect of the flower and the flower basket. Bottle flowers: Folded flowers are placed in water trays or vases, which is of great significance in the times and is the main type of floral art in the world, including tray flowers and bottle flowers. Fruit Festival (Flower Festival): Fruit-based, full of enlightenment and art.

The essence of Japanese flower arrangement is dedication: just as nature selflessly dedicates the most beautiful side of flowers and trees to human beings. Patience: It takes a quiet heart to put a flower in the most suitable place. Energy: It takes a lot of energy to pick flowers and handle branches, stems and leaves. Concentration: Only by putting aside triviality can we really create perfect works. As the saying goes, the stone is open. Wisdom: after self-cultivation, flowers and people become a whole, reaching a pure and quiet realm. According to different flower arrangement concepts, Japanese flower arrangement has developed quite a number of flower arrangement schools, such as Matsumoto Flow, Nisshin Flow, Kohara Flow, Cragginess Flow, etc. It has its own flower arrangement style completely different from that of western flower arrangement, which can be said to be an influential art in the flower arrangement field.

Western flower arrangement can be divided into formal flower arrangement and informal flower arrangement.

The form is (traditional flower arrangement), based on the arrangement and lines of flowers, and the non-form is (free flower arrangement), which advocates nature, does not stress form, cooperates with modern design and emphasizes color. Traditional style is suitable for special social occasions, and freestyle is suitable for daily home furnishings.

(3) According to the different flower materials used, it can be divided into flower arrangement, dried flower, artificial flower and mixed flower;

1. Flower arrangement consists entirely or mainly of flowers. Its main characteristics are the most beautiful natural flowers, colorful flowers, full of real vitality, strong artistic charm and wide application. Its disadvantage is that the water retention is not lasting, the cost is high, and it is not suitable for being placed in dark light.

2. Dried flower arrangements are all or mainly made of natural dried flowers or processed dried plant materials. It not only keeps the natural beauty of the original plants, but also can be dyed and combined at will. After plugging in, it can be placed for a long time, which is convenient for management and not limited by lighting, especially suitable for dark display. Dried flowers are very popular in some countries and regions in Europe and America. Its disadvantage is that it is afraid of being exposed to strong light for a long time and is not resistant to humid environment.

3. The flower materials used in artificial flower arrangement are all kinds of artificial plant materials, including silk flower and polyester flowers, which can be simulated, designed and colored at will. Artificial flowers are colorful, varied, easy to shape and clean, and can be placed for a long time. Its disadvantage is the lack of natural beauty and the overall effect is too blunt.

Flower arranging prop

(1) flower arranging utensils

There are many kinds of flower devices, which are necessary for pattern design. Pottery, glassware, rattan, bamboo, straw, chemical resin, etc. There are many kinds of materials and forms. The flowerpot should be selected reasonably according to the design purpose, purpose and flower material.

The charm of glassware lies in its transparency and shining luster. Colored glass mixed with metal acidulant and utensils with patterns on the surface can set off the beauty of flowers well.

Plastic flower device is an economical prop. It is cheap, light, rich in colors and diverse in shapes. This design is versatile.

The most common props in the pattern design of ceramic flower devices. Chinese style, Japanese style and western style have their own advantages, highlighting national customs and their respective cultures and arts. Therefore, the choice of use must first conform to the design style.

There are various forms of rattan weaving, bamboo weaving and straw weaving, because natural plant materials can better reflect the customs of Yuan Ye. More suitable for natural and interesting shapes, not artificial.

Metal flower is made of copper, iron, silver, tin and other metal materials. It gives people a sense of solemnity, frankness and luxury, and also reflects the artistic development in different historical times. In the art of flower arrangement in the East and the West, it is an indispensable prop.

In the trend of returning to nature, plain pottery has its unique charm. Coupled with its natural flavor, the whole work looks simple and elegant.

(2) Basic props of flower arrangement

The plastic arts of flowers are inseparable from various basic props. Reasonable selection and use of props can prolong the flowering period and reflect the designer's artistic accomplishment and technical level. The following are the most basic props and materials.

There are two kinds of tape: paper and plastic. Generally used to wrap wires, especially processed flowers, to prevent dehydration. There are many colors, which should be selected according to the color of the flower stem and the purpose of design.

It is necessary to use iron wire (or copper wire) to fix or maintain the shape of the flower branch and make artificial bending. There are many kinds of iron wires with different models, which are divided into 18-30 according to the thickness, and selected according to the design intention.

Flower clippers and flower knives are the most important tools for cutting flower stems and branches. Use it selectively according to the different trimmed flowers. Generally speaking, when pruning some tough branches, use flower scissors, and when pruning the length of flowers, use flower knives, because the cutting surface of flower knives is relatively flat, and the incision is inclined, which is beneficial to preservation.

Flower mud flower mud is a kind of chemical substance with high water absorption, which is used to fix flower materials. Good water retention and simple use method. Flower mud can be divided into flower mud and dried flower mud. Dried flower mud is generally brown and flower mud is green. Flower mud has various shapes, which should be selected according to the pattern. Dried flower mud is designed for dried flowers and cannot absorb moisture. Flower mud needs to be fully saturated with water before it can be used. When soaking, you should absorb water as naturally as possible, without any pressure, otherwise it will cause the situation of wet outside and dry inside, which will directly affect the water absorption efficiency of cut flowers.

Selection of flower materials

(1). What materials can be used for flower arrangement?

As long as it has ornamental value, you can put it in water for a long time or watch it without watering for a long time, and you can cut it and arrange flowers. Of course, the materials of flower arrangement are not limited to living plant materials, and sometimes some dead branches and withered inflorescences and fruit prefaces also have beautiful shapes and colors, which can also be used for flower arrangement. At present, there are many artificially processed dried flowers in the flower market, which are also good materials for arranging flowers. Although they are not as watery and vibrant as flowers, they have unique natural colors, or they are processed into unique colors. In addition, there are artificial flowers of various textures, such as silk flower, plastic flowers, paper flowers and metal flowers. The flower arrangement works made from them can not only play a decorative role in flowers, but also be economical and easy to manage.

(2) Tips for buying cut flowers

(1) The longer the flower branch, the fresher it is. In order to keep fresh and improve water absorption, flower shops cut off the lower ends of flower branches every day. Therefore, the longer the stem, the fresher the flowers.

(2) Observe the overall shape of the flower material. Where the leaves are slightly withered, yellow or soaked in water, the leaves turn brown and black, and the flower stems with poor freshness are not suitable for purchase.

(3) Touch the flower branches in the water with your hands. Touching the branches in the water with your hands feels slippery, which means that the flower branches have been placed for 5-6 days, and the freshness is poor, which is not suitable for purchase.

(4) Most flowers are in full bloom and should not be purchased.

(5) The pattern is too small to buy. The reason why the pattern is small may sometimes be that the peripheral petals have been removed.

(6) the color should be bright. Petals should be elastic and brightly colored.

(3) Flower shape

Linear flower (linear flower) The whole flower material is long or linear. Using the natural form of plants such as straight lines or curves, the outline of modeling, that is, skeleton, is formed. For example: snapdragon, verbena, delphinium, gentian, silver bud willow, forsythia and so on.

Formal flower (formal flower) is a big flower with its own unique shape and looks very individual. As the most striking flower in design, it is often used in visual focus. The characteristics of its own modeling make its personality more prominent, so we should pay attention to its characteristics when using it. For example: Lily, Anthurium, Bird of Paradise, Peony, etc.

Cluster flowers (block flowers) Cluster flowers are concentrated in large circles or blocks, which are generally used between linear flowers and irregular flowers, and are important flower materials to complete modeling. When no flowers are set, the most beautiful and blooming flowers can be used instead of setting flowers and inserted in the position of visual focus. For example: carnation, gerbera, rose, Pulsatilla, etc.

Filled flowers have many branches and smaller flowers, and there are many small flowers on a branch or a stem. It has the function of filling the modeling space and connecting flowers. For example: Xiao Ju, Lilac, Mantianxing, Freesia, White Peacock, etc.

Classification of flower artistic styles

(1) Western-style flower arrangement, also known as European-style flower arrangement, is characterized by paying attention to the shape of flowers and pursuing the artistic charm of blocks and groups. His works are concise, generous and concise, with symmetrical and homogeneous compositions and rich colors. There are many kinds and quantities of flowers, showing a warm, elegant and dignified style.

(2) Oriental flower arrangement, represented by China and Japan. The choice of flowers is simple and graceful. It is good at using the natural form of flowers and the beauty of artistic conception expressed, and pays attention to the feeling of seasons. It focuses on the modeling of lines, mainly on balanced composition, and wins with the peculiar beauty of posture.

(3) Freestyle flower arrangement, the combination of eastern and western flower arrangement, is influenced by various factions in the world today, such as realism, abstraction, futurism, etc., and the selection of materials, conception and modeling are more extensive and free. Special emphasis on decoration and particularity, with a sense of the times and vitality.

Composition form of flower arrangement

Traditional flower arrangement has two basic composition forms:

(1) Symmetry or homogeneous: Symmetry is often based on the central axis, with flowers and leaves of equal shape, equal amount and equal color inserted left and right, such as fan-shaped and triangle-like; Qi style is also a composition form based on the central axis, which is formed by inserting flowers and leaves with the same shape, quantity and color in the left, right and front respectively, like a tower and a semicircle.

(2) Balanced type: the composition form of flowers, branches and leaves with different shapes and equal numbers, arranged according to the central point of the central axis. There are many forms of this composition, which are changed by the size, height and density of flowers, branches and leaves. Generally insert the same amount of flowers according to the feeling. The material of flower arrangement can be flowers bought from shops or wild flowers and weeds collected in the wild. Clever collocation, careful arrangement and beautiful artistic conception.

Steps of flower arrangement

(1) Pruning: First, remove the broken branches and leaves of the flowers, prune them according to different styles, and bend them according to the needs of composition (in order to prolong the water retention time, it is suitable for pruning in water to prevent air from entering the flower stem, so as not to affect the water absorption of the flowers). According to different flower materials, different pruning methods are selected for pruning. For example, the cross pruning method should be adopted for xylem flowers, and the flat pruning method can be used for thick flower stems. The common pruning method is oblique stem cutting method.

(2) Fixation: In order to make the flower posture according to your idea, generally, according to the diameter and length of the bottle mouth, two thick branches are taken from the bottle mouth of the flower device and cross-fixed at the bottle mouth. Professional flower arrangement, but also color flower arrangement, flower stickers, aluminum wire and other tools to fix.

(3) Insertion sequence: Generally, it is easy to arrange flowers before inserting leaves, so it is easy to reduce the height of flowers when inserting leaves. The correct order of flower arrangement should be material selection, landscape leaf selection and flower arrangement.

Color matching

One.

(1) First of all, we should understand the nature and characteristics of color.

A. the type of hue. Primary colors. Refers to colors that can be mixed into other colors. There are three primary colors: red, yellow and blue.

A color made by mixing any two of the three primary colors. For example, orange is a mixture of red and yellow; Green is a mixture of yellow and blue; Purple is a mixture of red and blue.

Multicolor refers to the mixture of two colors. It has the function of buffering and reconciling. For example, orange green is a mixture of orange and green; Purple green is a mixture of purple and green; Orange purple is a mixture of orange and purple.

Complementary color. There are complementary colors between one primary color and the other two primary colors, and each pair of complementary colors is a contrast color of bright, dark, cold and hot. Such as warp and green, yellow and purple, blue and orange.

Each tone has different lightness (light and shade, change of depth) and different purity (saturation). Generally, primary colors have the highest lightness and purity, followed by intermediate colors and composite colors. The higher the lightness and purity, the brighter, brighter and darker the color.

B. the feeling of color. Different colors give people different reflections and feelings, such as the warmth, distance and weight of colors, which are the results of people's long-term life practice.

People's perception of color can be divided into three categories:

Cool color system. White, purple and blue are easily associated with water, ice and snow, resulting in a cold feeling.

Warm colors. Red, orange and yellow easily remind people of the sun and fire, thus generating warmth and enthusiasm.

Mild color system. Colors between cool and warm colors, such as green, gray, gold, silver and black, often play a role in buffering and harmonizing.

(2) The key points of color matching.

The essence of color matching is to deal with the relationship between coordination and contrast, diversity and unity between different colors, so we must first follow the requirements of the above two rules for matching.

On this issue, we should pay special attention to the following points:

A. In each work, it is not appropriate to match too many colors, otherwise it will easily lead to dazzling disadvantages. Generally, 1-3 color is more suitable.

B. Multicolor collocation should have primary and secondary. If ceremonial flowers require a strong festive atmosphere, when choosing multi-color flowers, we must have a primary and secondary distinction, determine a main color tone, and avoid using all colors evenly.

C. except for special needs, general color matching should not be matched with contrast colors. For example, red, yellow and blue with the highest lightness and purity are matched together. Although they are bright, they are easy to glare. Insert some colorful flowers or green leaves in the middle to play a buffering role.

D, different colors should echo each other, so as not to appear isolated and stiff.

The most important thing about color matching is that color harmony is better, harmonious and vivid. The specific collocation should be combined according to the purpose of flower arrangement, environmental requirements and the conditions of flower containers.

(3) Common color combinations.

A. monochrome combination. Choose a color composition, which can match a single color with the same brightness or a single color with different brightness (strong or light). For example, modern western wedding flowers such as white bride's bouquet and white wedding dress are pure and elegant.

B. similar color combinations. Similar color combinations. Similar color combination is the combination of adjacent colors on the color circle (that is, any triangle combination with an included angle of 90 degrees on the color circle). Because they are close in hue, phase and purity, and have transition and connection with each other, they are easy to coordinate together, appear soft and elegant, and are suitable for being placed in quiet environments such as study, bedroom and ward.

C. contrasting color combinations. That is, the combination of two pairs of corresponding colors on the color ring, that is, the combination of complementary colors. For example, red and green, yellow and purple, orange and blue are highly exciting complementary colors, and their collocation is easy to produce bright, lively and warm effects. This contrast color combination is most commonly used in western classical flower arrangement, and etiquette flower arrangement is also often used.

Two.

1) Similar colors: use flowers of the same color system with different shades to match. For example, the combination of white, pink and red, white, milky yellow and orange, white, light blue and purple forms a color hierarchy and gives a soft impression. When we make a floral work, in order to make the work more elegant and the flowers more beautiful and versatile, besides the beautiful shape, it is more important to match the colors. Because the first thing that catches our eye is color, and the art of flower arrangement belongs to the category of visual art, which also determines the importance of color.

2) Contrast colors (complementary colors): For example, the combination of yellow and purple, red and green, orange and blue, yellow and green and red and purple shows a very bright and gorgeous impression. However, when using flower materials, we should pay attention to the lack of one color, and skillfully keep the balance between the two colors to achieve a three-dimensional effect.

3) Similar colors: All kinds of light-colored flowers with the same color are matched together, giving people a beautiful and elegant impression. For example, light pink, cream and orange are used in the same color system. However, in order to prevent blurred colors from weakening the visual point, some large flowers or green leaves are added to enhance the effect. In addition, we should also pay attention to the comparison of shape and material.

4) Approximate complementary colors: the blue combination of similar colors such as yellow, orange and red and the opposite color, and the combination of red, purple, blue and green. Many colors are full of personality, and also give people the feeling of gorgeous luxury. However, it must be noted that the amount of flower materials of opposite colors must be controlled.

5) Primary colors: the combination of red, yellow and blue. 120 degree color ring color matching. Gorgeous and luxurious impression. Because all colors are strong, the yellow with the highest brightness should be controlled as much as possible.

Matters needing attention in flower arrangement

1) Try to avoid forming a straight line during flower arrangement, and pay attention to the height.

2) In the process of flower arrangement, the middle and lower parts should be as dense as possible, and there should not be too many flowers on the upper part. Pay attention to the top and bottom.

Preservation skills

Camellia: inserted into light salt water, it can sterilize and prolong flowering period.

Tulips: Tie a few, wrap newspapers on the outside and put them in a bottle. There is no need to add water to the vase.

Narcissus: It can keep the flower shape even when planted in one thousandth of light salt water.

Lily: it can keep the sweet feeling of lily when inserted in sugar water.

Wild rose: its incision is easily infected by bacteria, so it is scalded at the incision and then inserted into the bottle.

Rhododendron: flatten the incision with a hammer and soak it in water for 2 hours.

Peony flower: soak the incision with hot water first, and then insert it into cold water.

Plum blossom: cutting the mouth into a cross and immersing it in water can promote the absorption of nutrients by flowers.

Qiu Ju: It can be sterilized by applying a little mint solution to its incision.

Lotus: after folding, plug the pores with mud and insert them into light salt water.

White orchid: wrapped in wet cloth at night, not covered during the day, can delay the fading time of flowers by 2-3 days.

Hibiscus: First insert hot water 1-2 minutes, then insert cold water.

Gardenia: Drop 1-2 drops of fresh meat juice into water.