A complete and standardized graduation project should include several points, and the following model essay of the opening report can help you understand.

Model essay on the opening report: surname: * * *

Student ID: * * *

Professional level: * *

Lecturer: * * *

First, the significance of the topic (including the theoretical and practical significance of the topic)

Ordinary students refer to students who have average grades in the class, but their usual performance is not outstanding (neither particularly excellent nor particularly poor) and have no outstanding specialties to attract the attention of teachers and parents. From the perspective of mental health education alone, middle school students are the group that parents and teachers need to pay most attention to. In fact, the reason is very simple: compared with top students and underachievers, middle school students face greater pressure to enter higher schools and mental stress. They are the main body of the class and have a certain foundation in learning. In the future, the enrollment rate of classes mainly depends on them, so teachers have great expectations for them, and parents also have great expectations for these students, often putting pressure on them intentionally or unintentionally. And they themselves have great hopes that they can make continuous progress and strive to get rid of the position of middle school students. To this end, they often behave very sensible, study hard, and even forget to eat and sleep. However, due to many reasons, such as learning foundation, methods, ability, innate quality, etc., their learning effect is often poor, and they can't get what they want under repeated shocks, and even go backwards. In the end, they completely lose confidence and boil all their failures down to one word: stupidity, which leads to serious inferiority and other common psychological problems.

What's more, these students tend to be introverted and usually perform well. Therefore, their psychological problems are more hidden and not easy to be found. The head teacher was confused by its superficial phenomenon, and was affected by it. Grab both ends and take the middle? Influenced by the traditional education model, the common psychological problems of middle school students are often not recognized and valued enough, let alone timely psychological counseling, which leads to more and more serious psychological problems of these students and seriously affects their study and life. A few students even develop into mental patients.

Based on the common psychological problems of middle school students, this paper investigates middle school students of different sexes and grades, and studies the influence on their growth according to the education methods of their teachers and parents, so as to find a suitable education for middle school students and promote the growth of teenagers.

(A) the theoretical origin and its evolution:

Pygmalion effect, and a translator? Bimalone effect? 、? Bimalone effect? It was put forward by famous American psychologists Rosenthal and Jacobson in primary school teaching. Also called? Robert Rosenthal effect? Or? Expected effect? . This is an expectation psychological experiment. The list they provided was completely random. They passed? An authoritative lie? Advise teachers to strengthen their confidence in the students on the list. Although teachers always keep these lists in their hearts, their hidden enthusiasm still moistens the hearts of these students through their eyes, smiles and tone. In fact, they played the role of Pygmalion. Students are subtly influenced, so they become more confident, and the torrent of hard work ripples in their veins, so they study harder unconsciously in their actions, and as a result, they make rapid progress.

Parental rearing patterns are the synthesis of parents' parenting concepts, parenting behaviors and their emotional expression to their children. This combination is relatively stable and does not change with the change of situation, which embodies the essence of parent-child communication. As early as the end of 19, Freud noticed the influence of different parenting styles on children. He made a simple division of the roles of parents: the father is responsible for providing rules and discipline, and the mother is responsible for providing love and warmth. In 1950s, Parsons developed Freud's point of view, and linked this issue with family roles and gender characteristics, believing that women are good at expressing and sensitive to emotions, so they are suitable for dealing with various relationships with children. Men are more instructive and responsible for making rules. Sears combined these thoughts with learning theory and put forward two important concepts in parenting style: warmth and control. On this basis, Baumlander put forward three common parenting styles: autocratic, authoritative and indulgent.

(2) Research status of this topic at home and abroad:

Many experts and scholars at home and abroad have adopted various methods and conducted many related explorations and studies from different angles and levels. The research on student education methods involves a wide range of objects, from middle school students to primary school students, junior high school students to senior high school students and college students. From the choice of crowd, the researcher selected different groups such as normal people, obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, neurosis patients, anxiety patients, depression patients, schizophrenia patients, social phobia patients, adult criminals, juvenile criminals, drug addicts and so on to explore the role of educational methods. The research field of educational methods has changed from macro and general to micro and concrete. Researchers began to explore the specific impact of family education on students' development in all aspects from macro and general theoretical comments through various empirical studies. As for students' coping styles, many studies show that good educational styles are positively related to students' positive coping styles.

Without teachers' attention and parents' approval in the second growth period, it is easy to have various psychological problems:

First, psychological state of loneliness and depression

A few students are depressed, taciturn, upset, mentally retarded, struggling with their studies, and their academic performance has been hovering in the middle and lower reaches. They are at a loss, have no confidence in the future, are worried, have poor interpersonal relationships and don't want to talk to others. Through investigation, we find that this psychological state is caused by various subjective and objective factors. Among them, family changes and improper education are the most typical cases, for which we must make psychological correction. Teachers should take the initiative to talk to these students, mobilize their participation through theme class meetings and group activities, tell him that this environment is not caused by their own mistakes, but the result of family and teachers' wrong treatment, educate them to face setbacks, overcome negative emotions and overcome their inferiority complex, so as to devote themselves to normal study life.

Second, the psychological state of confrontation and escape

In management, it is often found that a very small number of students feel hurt in spirit or inferiority because their parents or teachers are too strict with them for a long time, and become agitated, depressed and manic emotionally, and often have fierce conflicts with their parents and teachers, even hurting people; Another situation is escape, such as running away from home. This psychological state is mainly caused by improper educational methods. This requires parents and teachers to thoroughly reflect on their own educational methods, adhere to positive education, be persuasive, have emotions, pay attention to peacetime education, and don't take drastic actions when the problem develops to a serious degree. At the same time, it is necessary to educate and guide students, strictly demand themselves according to the daily behavior norms of middle school students, correctly understand the good intentions of principals and teachers, so that they can correctly understand themselves and others and will not take extreme actions.

Third, the psychological state of anxiety and fear.

The formation of this psychological state is mainly caused by nervous study pressure, social pressure, family pressure and old age pressure. Yin is a girl in Grade Two, and her academic performance is good. Parents and schools have high expectations of her, and she also hopes to get good grades in the college entrance examination. Therefore, she studies very hard. Usually, apart from studying or studying, she seldom has other activities, and she doesn't communicate with her classmates, for fear that her academic performance will drop. Due to excessive pressure, her grades have declined. She feels hopeless in the future, thinking all day and being highly nervous. She often feels that someone is going to kill her. She is afraid and uneasy. After examination by the hospital, she was mildly schizophrenic. There are many similar examples among high school students, which provides an important and only way out for educators. Socialist modernization needs all kinds of talents to help them establish a scientific world outlook and outlook on life. Schools should strengthen the implementation of quality education, effectively reduce students' excessive academic burden and improve students' quality in all aspects.

Third, the psychological state of jealousy.

Jealousy is the popular saying? Red eye? This is quite common among students, especially among female students. When some students are praised by teachers and respected by their classmates because of their good performance and good grades, a few students will be jealous. For example, trying to belittle others' advantages and strengths, trying to obliterate others' achievements, trying to calculate others' obedience, and even collecting others'? Privacy? Mess up other people's thoughts and stink them up. They always want to be better than others, and when they are not as good as others, they often become hostile because of jealousy. When they think they are not liked, appreciated or respected, they will get angry and so on. Jealousy greatly interferes with students' normal study and life. Therefore, we must make people with this mental state realize that the future is bright, the road is tortuous, and their destiny can only be controlled by themselves, so as to help them establish a positive outlook on life and resolutely overcome their bad mentality.

To sum up, in recent years, many experts and scholars at home and abroad have studied educational methods from multiple angles and levels. The research on educational methods mainly involves all aspects of students' physical and mental development, but in China, especially in backward areas, the attention paid to middle school students is far from enough. Education is devoted to cultivating the majority of minors, rather than allowing a few people to receive special treatment, regardless of family education or school education. On the basis of previous studies, this study attempts to investigate the education mode of middle school students from the perspective of mental health, find out whether there is particularity in the education mode of middle school students, analyze the reasons and put forward countermeasures in order to help improve the education mode of middle school students.

Bishop's Opening Report (2)

First, the background and significance of the topic

Compared with foreign countries, China's credit card business started late. The appearance of credit card in China's circulation field began in the early 1980s. With the reform and opening up, a large number of foreigners come to China for tourism or business, and the traditional cash settlement method can no longer meet the needs of foreign guests. China Bank has successively signed contracts with seven foreign credit card companies to handle the cash withdrawal and direct purchase of seven major international credit cards issued by these seven companies. 1986, Bank of China took the lead in issuing RMB Great Wall Card, the first credit card in China. 1988, the first Zhang Changcheng MasterCard was issued in China. 1990, China Industrial and Commercial Bank and China Construction Bank also started to issue MasterCard. 1995 China guangfa bank issued the first credit card with revolving credit function in China. Credit card has experienced about XX years from agency to issuance in China, and has gradually become an important payment method.

In recent years, due to the imperfect construction of China's credit environment, information asymmetry between banks and cardholders, cardholders' breach of contract and other issues have become increasingly prominent. In addition, the laws and regulations are not perfect, the risk control of card issuers is weak in the process of operation and management, and the disorderly competition among banks leads to the problems and risks of this business gradually appearing, especially the default and fraud of credit card holders are on the rise. Therefore, in the process of expanding credit card issuance, commercial banks must carefully analyze and study credit card business risks in order to take measures, which is of great significance for commercial banks to prevent and resolve credit card risks and improve economic benefits.

Second, the research status at home and abroad

In June +XX1October, 5438, the personal credit information system of China People's Bank was officially put into operation nationwide. You can query personal loans and repayments, credit cards, guarantees in commercial banks and other credit information, as well as related identity information. The vast majority of commercial banks in China have incorporated the inquiry of personal credit information system into the credit management process. According to the personal information in the credit report, we can identify high-risk customer groups in credit approval and post-loan management, and then take corresponding measures to reduce risk losses.

At present, personal credit report has become an important basis in the process of risk management of commercial banks. However, due to the large amount of information in the credit report, the approver needs some time to comprehensively consider all kinds of information when making decisions, and the approval work is inevitably subjective and one-sided. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate the credit scores of credit reporting institutions according to personal credit reports, so as to provide decision support for commercial banks and help them effectively guard against risks.

In the United States, the credit scores of credit reporting agencies are mainly provided by three major personal credit companies, namely, eBay, equifax and trans union. They obtain consumer data from various banks and credit card companies, summarize the data, and provide personal credit reports to the outside world in a prescribed format, one of which is personal credit score, and also provide credit grades and proportions. The scores of these three companies are provided by fair isaac, a scoring technology company, and are called fico series credit scores.

Third, the main research contents and expected objectives of the design (thesis)

Analyzing the credit status of individual customers through the method of credit scoring can enhance the scientificity and fairness of personal credit decision-making and improve the efficiency of personal credit decision-making. Therefore, more and more mathematical methods are introduced into credit scoring. Generally speaking, it is mainly divided into statistical and non-statistical categories. Statistical methods mainly include discriminant analysis, regression analysis, classification tree and nearest neighbor method, while non-statistical methods include neural network, genetic algorithm, expert system and mathematical programming method. From the development process, although the statistical method was first applied and is still a very important method. However, when traditional evaluation methods are used to evaluate the credit of corporate customers, there are often cases of misjudgment, which brings huge losses to credit institutions. The neural network evaluation system not only has high reliability of evaluation results, but also can avoid mistakes caused by subjective likes and dislikes of credit analysts and interpersonal relationships. It takes the customer's credit information as input and outputs the actual credit situation as the evaluation result. Bp neural network has a simple network structure, and the algorithm is easy to program and realize. Bp network adopts the minimum mean square error learning method, so long as there are enough hidden layers and hidden nodes, it can approximate any nonlinear mapping relationship. The empirical results show that bp network has a good evaluation effect among many recommended neural network algorithms.

Bishop's Opening Report (3)

1. The significance of curriculum design

Through this course design, I have a certain HVAC design ability; Understand some relevant norms and regulations; Familiar with and master the HVAC design process; At the same time, I also made my thinking more rigorous and my attitude more serious, which laid a solid foundation for future social work.

2. Literature review

With the rapid and sustainable development of the national economy, the construction industry, as one of the pillar industries, has also developed rapidly. As an important part of the construction industry, the HVAC industry has witnessed an endless stream of new products, technologies and materials. The principles followed in the development of HVAC industry can be summarized as follows: energy conservation, environmental protection, sustainable development, ensuring the sanitation and safety of the building environment, adapting to the national energy structure adjustment strategy, implementing the hot and cold metering policy, and creating HVAC development technologies with different regional characteristics. Therefore, how to combine the needs of design, pay attention to related technologies, apply them selectively and reasonably in our design, meet the requirements of the owners and improve the design level is something we must work hard to do.

2. 1. Discussion on optimal control and energy management of HVAC off-design point

2. 1. 1. Optimal control of working point

In the aspect of loop control, Jiang Dayong and others demonstrated the feasibility of using artificial neural network (ANN) to model the load and energy consumption of HVAC, and pointed out that ANN model can be used to identify the input and output to realize the optimal control of air conditioning system [8]; Sun Ying and others used the predictive control algorithm based on BP neural network to control the storage capacity of ice storage air conditioning, which solved the problems of long overshoot and fluctuation time, weak anti-interference ability and poor decoupling control effect in PID control, thus reducing the energy consumption of air conditioning system. Cao Guoqing and others introduced parameter self-tuning PID control into the control process of air conditioning system, and realized the self-tuning of PID parameters, which can control the temperature change range in? 0.5℃; Wu Liubo and others studied the realization of static pressure control in the air supply section of VAV air conditioning system, and wrote application programs with incremental PID control algorithm and integral separation fuzzy control algorithm respectively. According to the actual control effect of air conditioning laboratory, the advantages and disadvantages of these two control methods are pointed out: because there are many control loops in HVAC system, the characteristics of each object are different, the parameter setting and control mode of loop controller are different, and the research results of controller are also many.

2. 1.3. Energy consumption monitoring

With the popularization and application of computers, computer systems have gradually replaced conventional instruments and become intelligent monitoring, control and management equipment for HVAC systems. In the control and management of HVAC system, the application of computer technology can effectively improve the operation quality of the system, reduce energy consumption, reduce the labor intensity of operation managers, and achieve good economic and social benefits. Jiang Yi studied the computer monitoring of various air conditioning systems, and modified the set values of parameters by starting/stopping the central control manager. Weng discusses the automatic energy-saving methods of cold and heat sources and air conditioning conveying parts. This method realizes interlocking, logical, sequential start-stop and energy-saving control of water pump and fan of refrigeration heat pump unit by accepting the instruction of intelligent operation desk on site, and controls the number and combination of cooling tower fan and other equipment of water chiller according to the information of cold water supply and return temperature and temperature difference, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Based on frequency conversion technology, combined with optimal control and fuzzy control, Cao Qiusheng developed a special management system software with load following and tracking characteristics, which realized the energy-saving control of HVAC. According to the calculation of cooling and heating load, Zhong Wei selects the cold and heating source unit and terminal equipment with appropriate COP value to save cold and heating sources, and uses frequency conversion technology to make the water pump run with variable flow, thus reducing the energy consumption of water-air system. Jin Xin Bridge analyzes the multi-zone VAV air conditioning and its control system. On this basis, according to the requirements of ASHRAE ventilation standard for fresh air volume, the control schemes of four fresh air distribution schemes of mixed air supply system are simulated and analyzed, and the fresh air distribution and system energy consumption of each scheme are comprehensively investigated. The results show that the control scheme of VAV terminal reheat control combined with AHU supply air temperature optimization can solve the problem of fresh air distribution in multi-zone VAV air conditioning system and effectively reduce the system energy consumption. In a word, the energy management system is embodied in the optimization of equipment combination, the optimization of working time sequence and the statistical calculation and assessment of various energy indicators.

2. 1.4. Development direction of HVAC optimal control and energy management technology

(1) The existing HVAC control system mainly focuses on improving the automation level, and adopts traditional PID control strategy, equipment sequence and logic control switch value to form loop control. The basic control unit and CPU core processing are mainly based on 8-bit single chip microcomputer. With the development of embedded system and intelligent control theory, the price of embedded microprocessor is getting cheaper and cheaper. Based on the embedded microprocessor system with 16 bits and above, the unit controller with adaptive self-learning function will become the mainstream of the unit controller, which can realize the goal of making the controlled object learn step by step, so as to achieve the optimal control of the loop under variable load, multiple working conditions and arbitrary initial conditions and realize the optimal control of each link.

(2) At present, the HVAC system controls the temperature, pressure, flow and other parameters of each device by setting the working point, and each device (or link) has its own optimal set point under certain conditions. However, the result of this treatment is not necessarily the best in the whole HVAC system, nor can it be guaranteed to operate in the most energy-saving way under various working conditions. How to take the energy consumption of the whole system as the optimal performance index under each load and find the optimal setting value of each device (or link) is an important aspect of optimal control research and the key to energy saving.

(3) The management function of the existing HVAC system is more reflected in monitoring, that is, centralized management report, alarm and state monitoring equipment scheduling for the information of the basic control unit. It is necessary to study how to increase the energy management function on the existing basis and monitor the energy use of end users in all aspects of HVAC.

(4) Application of network technology The current HVAC control systems have different control protocols, and different control systems have different development environments and technical standards. However, with the improvement of enterprise informatization, it is necessary not only to integrate HVAC control system, but also to integrate system energy management and equipment operation information into enterprise information management system composed of Internet and Intranet to realize data sharing and information exchange of heterogeneous computer systems, which is another development direction of HVAC energy management and optimal control.

(5) Intelligent system based on human body state The author investigated the air conditioning control of hotels, restaurants, office buildings, service halls and other different functions, and found that no matter what control technology and management technology are adopted, many users are still dissatisfied with the air conditioning control, that is, under the same temperature and humidity conditions, different people feel different, some people feel cold, and some people feel cold; Some people feel comfortable, while others feel uncomfortable. This difference in individual feelings will lead to major changes in existing air conditioning control and energy management technologies. The author thinks that on the basis of existing control methods and technologies, it will be the main research direction in the future to make full use of sensing technology and induction technology to simulate the human state, take the trajectory of human state as the main axis, take human feeling and state as the input, and take air temperature, humidity and flow as the main output, and establish an air conditioning control and energy management system.

2.2. Talking about the application of environmental protection and energy-saving technology in HVAC system

Since11920s, the compression refrigerator has made unprecedented development. HVAC technology has been widely used in various public and commercial buildings, which has improved the indoor environment and provided a strong guarantee for the comfort and high quality of indoor air quality. Throughout the construction industry at home and abroad, civil buildings and industrial buildings began to test central air conditioning on a large scale. Its wide application marks the scientific and technological development level and economic level of a region, and also plays a perfect role in the management level of enterprises in essence. The energy-saving problem of HVAC system has also been widely concerned by people. Due to the diversification and refinement of modern people's life concepts and ways, the architectural environment needs to be gradually strengthened. In this paper, the application of environmental protection and energy-saving technology in HVAC system and the natural resources that can be developed and utilized are discussed in depth.

2.2. 1. Functions of HVAC

The purpose of installing HVAC is to adjust the comfort of indoor working and living environment. Its main function is to adjust the temperature and humidity, airflow speed and cleanliness of the air. In the conventional air conditioning comfort requirements, the goal is to satisfy the human body to keep the heat uniform and produce comfort. In the process air-conditioning room with constant temperature and humidity or cleaning requirements, it is important to meet the production process as a normal standard [9].

2.2.2. Influence of HVAC on human body

Due to the general enhancement of building sealing, the decoration process is becoming more and more complicated, which leads to a large increase of indoor pollutants and a corresponding extension of living time. How to effectively improve the air quality of air-conditioned rooms has aroused great concern from all walks of life. Ventilation is the most effective method to improve air quality at present [10].

2.2.3. Utilization of various emerging environmental protection energy sources

(1) Natural gas is used as energy for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Natural gas is the third conventional energy source after coal and oil, which can effectively control the emission of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, reduce environmental pollution and reduce the harm to human health. The refrigeration and air conditioning market with natural gas as energy source has broad prospects.

(2) Utilize various renewable resources, such as geothermal energy, groundwater, solar energy, natural wind, ocean energy and other natural resources. Ground source heat pump air conditioning is an efficient and energy-saving air conditioning system, which absorbs energy from soil, groundwater, surface water and other natural resources in winter to provide heat energy for buildings, and releases heat to natural resources in summer to provide cold energy for buildings. Mainly used in houses, villas, schools and commercial buildings. Solar air conditioners use the radiation of sunlight as refrigeration energy. Its use makes up for the shortage of power supply, relieves the pressure of power supply, and is also very environmentally friendly, and will not bring the urban heat island effect brought by the use of traditional electric air conditioners. Moreover, because the use principle of solar air conditioning does not contain freon, it will not produce related harmful substances that destroy the atmospheric environment. It is a veritable green energy-saving air conditioner.

2.2.4. Application of new technologies of environmental protection and energy saving

(1) Generally, ice and water are the main components of cold storage air conditioners. Due to the lack of power supply in many big cities during the day, in order to limit the use of electricity, the level of electricity charges during the day and at night is different. Generally, after the fixed point at night, the electricity price is low, so you can use ice-cold air conditioning. This kind of air conditioner only turns on some refrigeration units to make ice and store the total energy when the electricity price is low at night. During the peak period when the electricity price is expensive during the day, the cost of electricity can be effectively reduced by melting ice, providing low-temperature water and releasing stored energy to meet a large number of electricity demand.

(2) The heat recovery technology is to recover the heat discharged by the air conditioning unit, so as to avoid the waste of energy caused by the direct discharge of air from the air-conditioned room by the exhaust system. This technology can effectively reduce thermal pollution, recover heat, and achieve the effect of turning waste into treasure.

(3) Low-temperature radiant floor heating technology is that hot water pipes are directly buried in the floor to heat the floor, and the heat generated by ground radiation heats the indoor air. In this way, hot water is often used as the medium, and the surface temperature of the radiator does not exceed 45 degrees Celsius. In the process of overshoot of low-temperature floor radiant heating, heat is transferred to the upper part by convection, which makes the indoor temperature higher than the upper part, making people feel warm while keeping their heads cool and comfortable. Low-temperature floor radiant heating, floor heating not only has good comfort and privacy, but also can reduce elevators, effectively save space, facilitate metering and transformation, and save maintenance costs from all aspects.

2.3. Technical progress and prospect of air conditioning system

(1) Fresh air pretreatment system is divided into heat recovery fresh air pretreatment system and dehumidification fresh air pretreatment system. The heat recovery fresh air pretreatment system can recover the energy in the exhaust air to pretreat the fresh air, thus reducing part of the cooling capacity and dehumidification capacity of the system and reducing the system capacity. Used in occasions where temperature and humidity requirements and humidity control are not strict. The dehumidification fresh air pretreatment system of the invention avoids the disadvantages of cold and heat cancellation and low air leakage of the machine, reduces the refrigeration capacity, realizes independent control of temperature and humidity, and is convenient to adjust and high in precision.

(2) Ice storage cold air supply system is a combination of ice storage system and cold air supply air conditioning. The combination of ice storage technology and cold air supply can obviously improve indoor air quality and save energy. The ice storage low temperature air supply system can reduce the relative humidity in the room and make people feel more comfortable, cool and dry.

(3) Independent fresh air system is referred to as DOAS for short, and its fresh air unit adopts low-temperature air supply unit, which directly sends 100% fresh air into the air-conditioned room to bear the fresh air load, all indoor latent heat load and some sensible heat load. Its sensible cooling equipment has no return air system, which can greatly improve the environmental safety of buildings and will not cause pollution diffusion in different rooms. Using total heat exchanger between fresh air and exhaust air can reduce energy consumption of air conditioning.

The development of HVAC system originated from the construction industry, and the rapid development of the construction industry in recent years has brought good development opportunities to the air conditioning manufacturing industry. Vigorously applying environmental protection and energy-saving technology in HVAC manufacturing is the only way for related industries to become brilliant. Only by continuously developing new environmental protection and energy-saving technologies can HVAC systems keep pace with the times.

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