First, the theme of the topic
Signs: title, subject, subject, idea, topic, theme, etc.
1. Summary topic
Features: short and pithy, usually a phrase, with strong coverage, strong accuracy, appropriate expression range, and no arbitrary changes in semantic degree or color.
Summarize the main points
Features: including finding the theme of the paragraph and the main idea of the article.
Problem solving skills:
A. At the beginning of this paragraph
Often at the beginning of an article, the topic is pointed out first, and then a specific statement is made around the topic.
Judging whether the first sentence is a topic sentence can analyze the relationship between the first sentence, the second sentence and the third sentence of a paragraph. If the first sentence is explained at the beginning of the second sentence, then the first sentence is a topic sentence.
Some paragraphs and topic sentences are followed by signal words that obviously lead to details, such as: example, first, second, next, last, last, start, and, idea, one ... another, some, others and so on.
B. At the end of this paragraph
Some articles will list the facts at the beginning, and then explain the author's core argument through argumentation. When an idea is difficult to explain clearly or be accepted by others, the topic sentence will not appear until the end of the paragraph. The position of the topic sentence can be determined by the signal words leading to the conclusion at the end of the paragraph, such as: so, there, so, inevitably, in short,
All in all, wait
C. located in the paragraph
First introduce the background and details, then summarize the previous contents in a comprehensive or general sentence, and then discuss related issues in depth around the theme. This topic sentence often appears in the middle of a paragraph. Ask questions first, then answer/point out the topic (topic sentence), and finally give an explanation.
D. Echo from beginning to end
Topic sentences appear at the beginning and end of a paragraph, but they are not simple repetitions. The last topic sentence is to make a final comment on the theme, or summarize the main points, or leave it for the reader to think about.
E. sentences with no clear theme
Find keywords (frequently used) and summarize them.
note:
One option in the new question type is interference, which is easy to make three kinds of mistakes:
The expression of (1) is too superficial, covering only a few details of this paragraph.
(2) The expression is too general, which is beyond the content of this paragraph.
(3) the expression has nothing to do with the content of the paragraph, and there is no relevant basis in the paragraph.
Second, the details of understanding questions
The content of the examination mainly involves details such as examples and definitions in argumentative papers such as time, place, people, events, reasons, results and figures. The answers to these questions can generally be found in the text. But the answer is not necessarily the original words in the article. You should organize your own sentences to answer questions according to the information in the article.
1. Fact Details-Reading Method
Directly understand the question: who, what, which, when, where, why, how to ask questions, or judge right or wrong;
Indirect comprehension question: it needs to be converted from the original information, and the expression is different from the original.
2. Sorting problem-head-tail positioning method
Find the first event and the last event, and narrow it down by excluding.
3. Graphic matching questions-sorting out clues according to the map
Question form: Give a chart and ask questions according to the chart.
4. Digital calculation questions-(Method: Examining questions-Finding details with questions-Comparative analysis and calculation)
You can find the relevant details directly, but you need to get the answer through calculation.
Third, reasoning and judgment questions
This paper mainly examines the ability to understand the implied or deep meaning of the article, and requires logical judgment according to the content, including the understanding of the author's point of view, the judgment of attitude, the rhetorical tone and the understanding of the implied meaning.
Keywords: inference (inference), indication (symbol, hint), hint/hint (hint), conclusion (conclusion), hypothesis (hypothesis).
1. Detailed reasoning and judgment questions
Generally speaking, we can infer and judge according to the information provided in the passage or with the help of common sense of life.
2. Predictive reasoning judgment questions
Guess the next content or possible ending of the article according to the text.
3. Guess the source or target audience of the article.
4. Inference of writing intention, purpose and attitude
A. When asked about the purpose of writing, the words chosen are often: explanation, proof, persuasion, suggestion, comment, praise, criticism, entertainment, demonstration and analysis.
B. ask about mood and attitude. The words you choose are often: neutrality (neutrality), sympathy (sympathy), satisfaction (satisfaction), enthusiasm (subjectivity), subjectivity (pessimism), optimism (optimism) and criticism (criticism). Hostility, etc.
Problem solving skills:
1. You can't choose the content directly stated in the article, but choose the options inferred from the article.
2. The selected answer must find the basis or reason in the text.
3. Be loyal to the original text, based on the facts and clues provided by the article, and do not replace the author's ideas with his own views; Don't judge from the original text.
Fourth, semantic guessing questions
Test center:
1. Guess the meaning of a word, phrase or sentence.
2. Define polysemous words or phrases in the text.
3. Judge the reference of pronouns
Problem solving skills:
1. Guess words through causality
In order to understand the logical relationship between neologisms and context, we can use related words (because, as, since, for, therefore, as a result, of course, there, etc. ).
2. Guess words through the relationship between synonyms and antonyms
To guess words with synonyms, first look at synonym phrases connected by and or; Second, it depends on the synonyms used in the further explanation.
Guess words by antonyms, depending on the conjunctions or adverbs that indicate the turning relationship; Second, it depends on the negative words with not.
3. Guess words according to word formation
Judging the meaning of words according to prefixes, suffixes, compound words and derivatives.
4. Infer the meaning of words by defining or explaining relationships.
This synonymous or explanatory relationship is often used as it is, or in other words, it is called.
5. Inferring semantics through syntactic functions
6. Guess the words according to the description
7. Guess words through common sense