When writing a rebuttal paper, you must set up your own views and opinions, and you must refute the other party's arguments, arguments or arguments. The commonly used refutation techniques mainly include the following.

First, the way to expose the facts. That is, seize the hypocrisy of the other party's argument and refute it with facts. For example, in the article "Are you happy with money? The author lists the facts of Marx, Curie, Schubert and Balzac. They all have no money but work for the happiness of mankind, so they are happy. Directly refuting the wrong argument with facts can be said to be righteous words and hit the nail on the head.

Second, hit the key method. That is to grasp the key points of the other party's argument, analyze and dissect, and expose its essence. For example, the theory of "Frightened Friends" wrote: "If friendly friends are surprised, our car house will be afraid ... and we can win the praise of friendly friends, and the country will go on forever." This passage hit the nail on the head. Since we don't want "the country can't be a country", why did the government quietly lose the three northeastern provinces? And the patriotic behavior of students is "the country will not be the country"? By comparing the two, the absurdity of the enemy theory and its true face of betraying the country are exposed. The author grasps this key point, dissects anatomy and refutes the "enemy theory".

Third, the theory is illegal. That is, independently demonstrate the opposing arguments of the other party. Thereby disproving the other party's argument is wrong. For example, Frugality is an argumentative essay, which combines argument with refutation. At first, the author did not directly refute the wrong view that "I can spend my labor income how I want", but put forward the opposite argument that "frugality is not only an economic matter, but also linked to ideological quality": on Lu Xun's robes for decades, on national cadres or advanced workers. When the correct viewpoint is established, the wrong viewpoint will also fall down. Fourth, debunk the law of lies. That is, pointing out that the other party's argument is nonsense, thus overthrowing the other party's argument. For example, when the theory of "friends are surprised" refutes the argument that students "destroy institutions and block traffic" ... social order and learn that they have been destroyed ",it quotes the news of Shenbao, confirming that it is a fact that a certain department staff member is seriously injured and a secretary is missing, but the students are suppressed and suffered heavy casualties. This way, the right and wrong are clear, and the truth is clear at a glance. As soon as the enemy's argument falls, the argument itself collapses.

Sample text

On "Little Things"

At a class meeting, the class teacher praised some students who were disciplined, helpful and concerned about the group. After the meeting, Zhang Ning said: "This is nothing, just a small matter." This classmate is lax in discipline at ordinary times. Once, when he was not on duty, the team leader criticized him. He also quarreled with the team leader and argued irrationally. When the teacher knew this situation, he criticized his irresponsible behavior, but he said, "What's the big deal?"

Are these really trivial things? Our generation of teenagers shoulder the glorious and arduous task of building socialism and realizing the four modernizations, which requires not only a high level of material civilization but also a high level of spiritual civilization. We young people should not only learn and master rich scientific knowledge, but also cultivate our own sentiment and noble moral quality from childhood, which requires strict demands on ourselves, starting from dribs and drabs, starting from ordinary things, starting from me, and accumulating over time to make our words and deeds more in line with the moral norms of middle school students. Li Suli, an excellent conductor, treated every passenger warmly, helped the blind get on and off the bus, offered his seat to the elderly and the sick, and took the initiative to introduce the station name to foreigners. These seemingly trivial things all reflect her lofty thought of serving the people wholeheartedly.

A drop of water can reflect the brilliance of the sun, and a good thing can show a person's noble heart, no small matter. Zhang Ning's understanding of "one small thing is not enough" is obviously wrong. Isn't a person's noble character cultivated in daily trifles? If you don't even care about ordinary little things, how can you build the motherland well? If you despise every brick, how can you build a tall building? Despise every drop of water, where is Wang Yang?

To be a noble person, we must start from ordinary things. When a person makes a mistake, he often starts with trivial things. As the saying goes, "Steal needles when you are young, and steal gold when you are old." "The embankment of a thousand miles, collapsed in the ant nest." This is a fact. Bad things are small, but they corrode a person's soul. Over time, it will change from quantitative change to qualitative change, and finally fall into the mire of crime and become the sinner of the people. This is the case with a student in our school. He usually doesn't pay attention to his moral cultivation. Over time, he developed a bad habit of being late, playing truant and even making friends with some social hooligans. After repeated education, the teacher refused to accept it and turned a deaf ear. In the end, it developed into a group fight and robbery in society, and was finally captured by the public security organs. Be punished by law. Such an example is shocking. If you don't take precautions, the consequences will be unimaginable.

The ancients said well: "Don't do it with small evils, don't do it with small goodness." That is to say, don't do bad things because of small influence, and don't do good things because of small influence. From the perspective of development, small things are closely related to major events. Things related to ideology and morality are by no means trivial, so we should pay enough attention to them.

Comments:

This is a rebuttal paper. According to the author's thinking, the author first leads to the wrong point of view, then analyzes and refutes it, and finally expounds his own point of view

The first paragraph of the article comes straight to the point, and concisely leads to Zhang Ning's erroneous views that "one small thing is not enough" and "one small thing is not great". The second, third and fourth paragraphs are the analysis and refutation parts, in order to convince people, set facts and refute wrong arguments from both positive and negative aspects. The second and third paragraphs analyze the previous criticism. First of all, they are meaningful, and then Li Suli's example is cited to show that ordinary things can cultivate people's character. Li Suli's deeds just show that she started from ordinary things and served the people wholeheartedly, showing her noble moral sentiments. Followed by rhetorical questions, strong tone, no doubt, emphasizing the important role of ordinary things. The fourth paragraph starts from the opposite side and makes it clear that ordinary things can't be ignored. Quote "stealing needles when you are young, stealing gold when you grow up" and "a levee of a thousand miles will collapse in an ant nest". If you don't care about small things, it will lead to great disasters over time and even embark on the road of crime. Then, the fact that a student embarked on the road of crime was cited to show that trivial matters could not be ignored, which enhanced the persuasiveness of the article. In the fifth paragraph, the author draws a conclusion through layer-by-layer analysis and reasoning: "Don't do it because of small evils, don't do it because of small goodness", which naturally clarifies the author's correct point of view.

The key to the success of this article lies in the author's targeted analysis and reasoning, convincing people with facts and reasoning, and flexible use of various argumentation methods in the process of refuting, so that the article reasoning is thorough, convincing and powerful, refuting the other party's point of view. We should also pay attention to improving our analytical reasoning ability in composition practice. If we master some common reasoning methods and argumentation methods and can integrate them in writing,