The Chinese Curriculum Standard (experimental draft) points out in the stage goal of the first stage: "Like reading, feel the pleasure of reading ... read with pictures in the book ... and accumulate words in reading. Read simple fairy tales, language, stories ... read nursery rhymes, nursery rhymes and simple ancient poems, expand your imagination, get a preliminary emotional experience, feel the beauty of language ... and accumulate your favorite idioms and proverbs. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs). The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 50 thousand words. Love books, love books. " The second section points out: "... learn to read silently ... can repeat the main idea of narrative works, initially feel the vivid image and beautiful language in the works, care about the fate and joys and sorrows of the characters in the works, communicate their reading feelings with others ... and accumulate beautiful words and wonderful sentences in the texts, as well as language materials obtained in extracurricular reading and life. Read excellent poems, pay attention to experience emotion and understand content in reading. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs). Develop the habit of reading books and newspapers, and collect and exchange books and materials with classmates. The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 400,000 words. " The third section points out that ... learn to browse, expand knowledge and collect information as needed ... read excellent poems ... recite 60 excellent poems (sections). Try to use information channels such as libraries and the Internet to carry out inquiry reading. Expand your reading, and the total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 6.5438+0 million words. "
Mr. Lv Shuxiang, a famous linguist, said: "Several students with high Chinese level should ask him about his experience and say in unison that they have benefited a lot from extracurricular reading."
With the development of the times, TV, video, radio, internet and other media deeply attract students, causing them to hate texts. Therefore, the phenomenon that students are tired of reading extracurricular books is widespread.
School teachers pay more attention to Chinese classroom teaching, but don't pay attention to extracurricular reading, or even ask. Even if students are asked to read books after class, there is no guidance and training.
At present, there is not much experience to learn from the research on extracurricular reading guidance and cultivating students' oral and written expression ability, and teachers have no way to start and dare not avoid it.
Rural cultural environment is backward, parents' educational level is generally low, students have few ways to receive various education, and parents have poor awareness of timely guidance and education for their children. Therefore, compared with urban students, their oral expression and writing skills are poor.
Second, the research goal of this topic.
(1) We know that cultivating pupils' interest in extracurricular reading, that is, increasing the intake of language and characters, can improve pupils' writing ability, but what effective ways can cultivate pupils' interest in reading? What reading material or content do you choose? What reading methods and how much reading to give students are conducive to cultivating reading interest and improving reading ability? And between reading and writing, how to improve writing ability through reading? There are many misunderstandings and practical ambiguities here. At the same time, how do all grades pay attention to the cultivation of reading interest, reading content and methods? Especially how to cultivate senior students' writing ability and how to adapt extracurricular reading to Chinese teaching? How to combine? How to combine the specific situation and characteristics of our school? To find effective methods, this topic is research.
(2) Specific objectives
The first stage (lower grade): focusing on literacy teaching, it is required to break through the boundary of 1 173 commonly used words in the process of listening, speaking, reading and writing within two years, to know about 2,000 commonly used words, to greatly increase the amount of literacy, and to learn to understand the meaning of words in combination with the context and real life. Learn to read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Read the text silently, without reference to reading, and think while reading. Recite more than 30 excellent poems every academic year. Read simple children's books and get a general idea of the content. The second grade extracurricular reading is not less than 50 thousand words.
The second stage (middle grade): reading teaching is the main part, and composition teaching is the supplement. In the process of listening, speaking, reading and writing, students can effectively improve their reading quality (including comprehension level, memory level and reading speed) by reading a lot (about 300 articles a year), and can understand the meaning of words in the context or in a dictionary. Can grasp the main content of the article, try to figure out the narrative order of the article, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and initially understand some expression methods of the author. Can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Silent reading has a certain speed. Recite about 30 excellent poems every academic year. Be able to read appropriate reading materials independently and understand the main contents with the help of dictionaries or related materials. Gradually develop the habit of previewing before class, reviewing after class and reading after class. Extracurricular reading should be no less than 6.5438+0.5 million words in the third grade and no less than 300,000 words in the fourth grade.
The third stage (senior grade): focus on composition teaching, read articles with appropriate level, understand the main content, understand the words with certain connotation, understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author, have their own opinions and understand some expression methods of the author. Can read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Read other articles and be prepared to read correctly and fluently. Silent reading speed is not less than 300 words per minute. Recite more than 20 excellent poems every academic year. Learn to browse and collect relevant information as needed. Extracurricular reading is not less than 500,000 words per academic year. Gradually cultivate the habit of reading the secretary's notes. In the process of listening, speaking, reading and writing, we can write simple narrative articles and commonly used practical articles that are central, organized and have real feelings, so that we can write articles of about 400 words in 40 minutes, effectively improving our writing level.
Third, the experimental object, experimental methods and theoretical basis
(A) the determination of the experimental object
Our teaching is for all students, so all students are our subjects. However, considering the problems of teachers, time and energy, and convenient operation, we decided to carry out the experiment in classes in stages. The experimental classes are determined by random sampling, and one experimental class is determined for each of the three grades, namely Class One (1), Class Three (1) and Class Five (1). The experimental class and the control class are basically the same.
(2) experimental methods
The research method is mainly based on experience summary and educational experiment, combined with educational investigation and literature. Through making research plan, practice, reflection, analysis and constant adjustment, the research of the subject can be implemented steadily. At the same time, questionnaire survey, quantitative and qualitative analysis are carried out to understand the preliminary results of each stage, and other people's research results are absorbed through literature understanding to guide our research.
(iii) Theoretical basis
The theoretical assumption that we put forward the experimental topic is that in Chinese teaching in primary schools, we should break through the reading barrier in stages (lower grades, middle grades and upper grades). The theory of this experimental conception mainly comes from the following aspects.
1, Principles of Marxist Philosophy
Everything develops from quantitative change to qualitative change, and from qualitative change to new quantitative change. The development of things begins with quantitative change. When the quantitative change reaches a certain level and breaks through a certain boundary, there will be qualitative change. The same is true of Chinese teaching in primary schools. Students can read when they know a certain number of Chinese characters. After reading a certain amount, you can write. As the ancients said, "If you can read ten thousand poems, you can write them."
There are many contradictions in the process of Chinese teaching in primary schools, and there are different main contradictions in different learning stages. In the lower grades, the main contradiction in Chinese learning is literacy. If the problem of literacy is solved at this stage, then the main contradiction in Chinese teaching in middle schools is reading. When reading exceeds a certain amount and students have the ability to read, composition becomes the main contradiction, so senior three students focus on composition training.
2. Dissipative structure theory
Dissipative structure theory holds that fluctuation leads to order. Fluctuation refers to the deviation of a variable and behavior of the system from the average value, which makes the system leave its original state or orbit. When the system is in different states, fluctuation plays a very different role. When the system is in a stable state, fluctuation is a kind of interference, which causes the chaos of the system trajectory and leads to disorder. At this time, the system has anti-interference ability, which forces the fluctuation to decay gradually and makes the system return to its original state and orbit. If the system is in an unstable critical state, the fluctuation not only does not decay, but enlarges into a "giant fluctuation", which makes the system transition from an unstable state to a new ordered state. Dissipative structure theory also holds that an open system far from equilibrium (that is, non-equilibrium state) can continuously acquire and dissipate external capabilities and molecules, maintain the survival of the system, and form a dynamic, stable and highly orderly structure-dissipative structure.
The theory of dissipative structure enlightens us that the new Chinese teaching system in primary schools must form great fluctuations in literacy teaching, reading teaching and composition teaching if it is to become a macroscopic and orderly dissipative structure. In the process of fluctuation, the training of words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs, articles, listening, speaking, reading, writing and books should be far from equilibrium, which will produce coherent effects among subsystems. In the climax stage of literacy teaching, reading teaching and composition teaching should serve literacy; In the climax stage of reading teaching, literacy teaching and composition teaching should serve reading; At the climax of composition teaching, both literacy teaching and reading teaching should serve composition. In addition, Chinese teaching in primary schools should be carried out after class and become an open system.
3. Stimulate students' strong interest in reading.
Educational psychology believes that interest is the most realistic and active factor to stimulate learning motivation. Bruner, an American psychologist, also pointed out: "The best stimulus for learning is interest in the materials you have learned." In order to let students read extracurricular books, we must first do everything possible to ignite the fire of students' spiritual interest. With full interest in reading, students will have a strong demand for extracurricular reading and actively participate in it.
Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." Interest is the motivation of students' participation. In order to make students actively participate in extracurricular reading, teachers must create certain conditions or use their existing other behavioral motives and needs to make reading a necessary thing in their lives. For example, in the morning meeting class, introduce a good book to the students in the form of telling stories or introducing contents. I was telling a story to the children when I suddenly braked. Students always urge the teacher to go on. You can lend them books at this time. As soon as the students get the books, they will read them hungrily. Teachers can take the opportunity to introduce other related works to students. In this way, extracurricular reading has become a kind of fun and enjoyment for students. Teachers should be good at stimulating and utilizing students' interest in reading, encouraging them to read and experience with interest, and accumulating language information, so that there are abundant savings in the language warehouse, and they can be comfortable when needed, and writing articles can also be brilliant.
The experimental teachers use various methods to give full play to students' initiative, so that students have great interest in reading and can change "I want to read" into "I want to read". Students have expanded their reading range, increased their reading volume and accumulated enough memories. Are they still afraid of a large number of fast outputs?
Fourth, class.