Wang Yue 1 Author: What a magnificent mountain Du Fu Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. 3. The Creator has endowed all mysterious nature with grace here. The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. 5. Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. 6. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see seven mountains, and all the other mountains look short under the sky .. 1. Yue: This refers to Mount Tai in Dongyue. 2. Daizong: Mount Tai, also known as Daishan, is located in the north of Tai 'an City, Shandong Province. In ancient times, Mount Tai was the head of the five mountains, and the mountains lived here, so it was also called "Daizong". Emperors of past dynasties held meditation ceremonies, all of which were in this mountain. 3. Qilu: The boundary of Qilu in ancient times, Taishan, Beiqi and Nanlu. Unfinished means gloomy mountains, endless, it's hard to say anything. 4. Nature: heaven and earth, nature. Zhong: Assemble. Shen Xiu: It refers to the beauty of the mountain. 5. Yin and Yang: This refers to the north and south of the mountain. Cut: points. Mount Tai covers the sky, the south of the mountain faces the sun, and the sky is high and cool; The mountains are shady in the north, and the sky is dark. There are two worlds at the same time 6. Absolutely: Zhang Da. Bags under eyes. Uncle Jue described farsightedness. The returning bird; Follow the returning birds. 7. it will be: absolutely. Ling: The board of directors. This is the earliest of Du Fu's existing works. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), when the poet first visited Zhao Qi, he was only 25 years old. This is a magnificent landscape poem, which shows the majestic and beautiful scenery of Mount Tai. The poem is permeated with the poet's love for the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland and the spirit of ambition, initiative, optimism and self-confidence in his youth. There are many comments on this poem by predecessors, such as "green is about to drip, green is everywhere in Qilu", which is praised by everyone, and Liu Chenweng called it "a five-character hero covers his life"; Guo Jun said, "There are countless stories about others visiting Mount Tai, which are all told by Uncle Du" (for the above two sentences, see General Comment on the Forest of Tang Poetry). "Tang Poetry" says: "Five characters are too high." The last two sentences of this poem are also commented quite well. Pu Qilong's "Reading Du Xin Jie" said: "The end of the couplet is a look down on the future. Through a layer of income, the prospect of the present is removed ... Du Zi's heart is full of vigor and vitality, and he is considerable." Take it as a volume and stand tall as a town. "There are three poems in Du Fu's Wang Yue, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is Mount Tai in Dongyue. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest existing poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated. There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. Distance is from far to near, time is from morning to dusk, from looking forward to sunset, from looking forward to the future. The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? "When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy I didn't know how to describe it. Very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. " "How, husband, what is that? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked." Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. "is the answer after some thinking, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using such general language as "Cui pricks the sky" as Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but writing his own experience in an ingenious way-beyond the border between the two countries in ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, setting off the height of Mount Tai with a long distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will succeed Ling Du in this poem? "He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed. The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because the mountain is high, it is judged that it is cut on both sides of the mountain at dawn, so it is called "cutting the dawn." "Qie" is a common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth. "Clouds lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. "In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because after watching it for a long time, I feel like my eyes are going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland. " Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky. The last two sentences are written about the desire to climb Yue, which is spoken in the Tang Dynasty and means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring Thoughts": "I am a scavenger in one fell swoop, covering Zhu Xuan for a spring. "Sometimes the word" Hui "is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's" North Dream ":"I will kill this vertical shaft one day! "That is to say, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as" Old Shu in this life, and Qin after death! "It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret' will' as' should'. From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can still arouse our strong * * *. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Interpretation) also focuses on the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi State" in politics and "short-sighted Cao Liu Wall in anger" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai. What is the scene of Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains? On the land of Qilu, Lian Mian will never see its cyan. Nature has given all the wonders of the mountain to Mount Tai, making the south side of the mountain bright and the north side dark, which is completely different. Layers of clouds rise, jump in the heart, and birds return to the mountains. Be sure to climb the top of Mount Tai. At that time, the mountains around you will look small. The word "Wang" runs through the whole poem. The poem "Looking at Spring" means looking at spring. The author is moved by the return of spring to the natural season and hopes to restore the stability and prosperity of the country. The first two sentences bear the title and write the general impression you saw from afar in spring. The capital fell, the mountains and rivers remained the same, and the personnel were completely different. "Spring in the City" and "Mountains and Rivers Are Here" both ushered in the annual spring in Beijing. After "deep planting", it is "the country breaks down and the family dies". The people fled, and the vegetation was allowed to grow wild and desolate. Both of these sentences use the turning point method, but the upper sentence is reversed and the lower sentence is straight, showing the change of composition. The ruins of "national destruction" are in sharp contrast with the vitality of "urban spring". This contrast highlights the dilapidated scene after the fall of Chang 'an and reflects the poet's deep concern for the country and the people. Sima Guang appreciated this couplet very much in the Song Dynasty: "The ancients were poems, which were more valuable than words, making people think and get it ... Du Zimei was the most famous poet in modern times. For example, this sentence' where the mountains and rivers are' means that there is nothing; The vegetation is deep and there is no one. " (See Wen Gong's Continued Poem) The couplets are received in the distance, and the panorama is pushed to a close-up. There are differences in understanding these two sentences in various notes. The point is who is "throwing tears" and who is "shocking". One explanation is that the poet himself shed tears at the flowers and was shocked by the smell of birds. Another explanation is that the subject in the sentence is "flower", not "bird". Flowers cry because of "feeling time", and birds are frightened because of "hating farewell". This seems unreasonable, but it actually takes advantage of empathy. Flowers and birds are natural things, but now because of the poet's special mood, I place my feelings on them and think they are human beings. The flowers are full of dew, which means the sad time is crying and the birds are jumping. That's because of where will you go. It is more meaningful and effective to write like this than to express your inner feelings directly. As the saying goes, "the world is sad, and the vegetation is sad" is not only a personal feeling, but also the feeling of many people who suffered from war at that time. It is difficult to describe it properly without using special expression skills. Because from a distance to a close look, the neckline changes from looking up to looking down, and the feelings naturally change from mourning for the country to missing relatives. In the way of expression, from the feelings in the scene, it has become a direct expression of one's own mind. "March in a row" means that the war disaster lasted until March, that is, the time to write poetry. Some notes say "refers to the first month, February and March of that year". Or all spring. In fact, the Anshi Rebellion began in November last year, and Du Fu was trapped in Chang 'an for seven or eight months. He once said: "Tongguan was broken last year, but his wife and children were separated for a long time" ("Shu Huai"), and "news of several States was broken, so I was worried about books" ("Snow"). The poet was trapped in Chang 'an, and the life and death of his wife and children were unknown, which led him to lament that "a letter from home is worth a ton of gold". The interpretation of poetry is too solid, and the original intention is often misinterpreted. This poem first describes two kinds of scenery: national ruin and spring coming, and then two kinds of feelings: "feeling of time" and "hating farewell". Here, bonfires are used to inherit the sense of time, and letters from home are used to inherit the hatred of parting, and the parting of relatives is precisely caused by the time of war. This is a link, and the composition is very rigorous. Belinsky once said: "Any great poet is great because his pain and happiness are deeply rooted in the soil of society and history, so he has become the representative and spokesman of society, times and mankind." (See "belinsky Literature") Du Fu interweaves family worries and national worries in his poems, which profoundly shows that the personal fate of honest intellectuals is closely related to the fate of the country and the nation, with a high degree of generality and typical significance, and is the spiritual essence of "depression and frustration". The last two sentences of this poem are the pen of genius. A few crosses make the image of a sad white-haired old man stand in front of readers. The author looked forward to spring, but he didn't get any pleasure. Instead, he was trapped by "feeling the time" and "hating parting", and finally he fidgeted and scratched his head frequently. Although the poet is only forty-five years old at this time, his hair is getting less and less because he is worried all the time, and he can't even insert a hair clasp. From the point of view of composition, this couplet unifies the two feelings of "feeling of time" and "hating farewell" expressed in front of it, and closes the whole article. The author chooses the subconscious action of scratching his hair, which turns the full sadness into a vivid image that can be seen and touched, naturally guides the reader into the artistic conception of the poem and produces a * * * sound. The metrical form of this poem belongs to five-character style. The two antithetical couplets in the middle are antithetical sentences, and their parts of speech, structure and tone are even, very neat. Rhyme, depth, heart, gold and hairpin all belong to the Pingsheng invasion department. It is not harmonious to read in modern Mandarin, but the ancient sounds preserved from dialects are very harmonious to read. For example, in Hakka dialect, the word "Shen" is pronounced qim, "Xin" is pronounced sim, "Jin" is pronounced gim, "Chai" is pronounced zim, and the vowel is "-im", which shows that it is because of the sound change in ancient and modern times. The "Guo" in the first sentence of this poem is an ancient sound. Rushing "short and urgent episodes" is suitable for expressing anger and sadness. Therefore, the beginning of this poem sets the tone of depression, which is in tune with the sadness of "feeling the time" and "hating parting", and then produces a deep power to knock people's hearts. Our generation of intellectuals is also full of turmoil and ups and downs, and their personal destiny is linked to the rise and fall of the motherland, so it is easy to cause * * * to sing this poem. It does not show the suffering of a person or a generation, but summarizes the sense of hardship of China intellectuals. That is to love the motherland, love our own nation, and link our destiny with the rise and fall of our country and nation. Therefore, countless people of insight in ancient and modern times, in order to revitalize China and benefit the people, were worried and resentful until they gave everything. In my opinion, this is the fundamental reason why "Spring Watch" has become a masterpiece that has been passed down through the ages and has the artistic charm of "depression and frustration" ★ The county magistrate rushed in, and the thief searched everywhere, but he couldn't find anyone, so he closed it with an empty air. → then shouted: "Where have all the men in your family gone? Hand it over! " → The old woman sobbed and said, "All three sons have gone to serve as soldiers to guard Yecheng. One son just wrote that the other two sons are dead! " → The county magistrate was suspicious: "Show me the letter!" → The old woman took out the letter, respectfully handed it to the county magistrate, and said sadly, "Those who survived drag out an ignoble existence, and those who died are long gone." I hope to win the sympathy of the county magistrate and be lenient. Unexpectedly, the county magistrate was angry again: "Is there no one else in your family? Hand it over! " → The old woman complained: "There is no one in the house." (At this time, the little grandson hiding somewhere in his daughter-in-law's arms was frightened by the roar and began to cry, to no avail. So the county magistrate seized the handle and threatened to destroy Australia's dirty pancreas. → The old woman had no choice but to say, "There is only one grandson! Still eating milk, very small! " → The county magistrate pushed in step by step: "Whose milk do you eat? There must be a mother! Don't hand her over! " → What the old woman was worried about finally happened! She had to bite the bullet and explain: "The grandson had a mother, and her husband died in Yecheng, and he didn't remarry because he had to nurse. Pity her rags, how can she meet people! Do me a favor! " → The county magistrate snapped in a completely non-negotiable tone: "Cut the crap and hand her over!" The old lady was afraid that her widowed daughter-in-law would be caught and starve her grandson, so she had to come forward: "Although the old lady is weak, please come back at night. I'm in a hurry to wait in the river, and I have to prepare breakfast. " The old woman's "speech" ended here, indicating that the county official reluctantly agreed and stopped "roaring".

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