It is of great theoretical and practical significance to emphasize the dialectical connotation of seeking truth from facts. First, the fundamental difference between dialectical materialism and mechanical materialism lies in whether you know dialectics. Marx was able to put forward a scientific view of practice and determine the basic position of practice in the world view, epistemology and historical view because he examined these aspects in a dialectical way, thus overcoming the limitations of mechanical materialism and laying a methodological foundation for thoroughly defeating idealism. The formation of new dialectical materialism also laid a philosophical foundation for the establishment of surplus value theory and scientific socialism. As long as we recall Marx's emphasis on materialist dialectics in the postscript of the second edition of Das Kapital, we can understand that materialist dialectics is the methodological basis for Marx to overcome the limitations of classical political economy and create new political economy. Lenin founded the theory that one country and many countries win first, and Mao Zedong discovered the revolutionary road of encircling cities from rural areas, which is based on the methodology of consciously applying and developing materialist dialectics. Second, only by highlighting the dialectical connotation of seeking truth from facts can we correctly understand and handle the relationship between emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. Although the progressive forces in history have repeatedly put forward the requirement of emancipating the mind, they generally put forward this requirement spontaneously based on their own needs. Due to the defects of ideological line, they have no objective basis to explain this requirement theoretically. Only materialist dialectics profoundly reveals this objective basis. Marx said: "Dialectics includes the negative understanding of existing things in the positive understanding of existing things, that is, the understanding that existing things are bound to perish;" Dialectics understands every established form from constant movement, so it is also understood from its temporary aspect; Dialectics does not worship anything. In essence, it is critical and revolutionary. " (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 2, page 2 18) Dialectics' negative understanding of things is based on the duality of things themselves. Things themselves contain factors that deny themselves, and they are in the unity of opposites with their positive factors. When negative factors gradually dominate through struggle, one thing will become another. Dialectics is the result of subjective reflection of this objective process. This kind of reflection is not a passive reflection, but an idea formation process of actively participating in the dialectical movement of objective things, and a subjective understanding process to meet the needs of people to transform things. The "yes" sought by seeking truth from facts is not limited to the law of motion of the object itself, but also includes the law of interaction between subject and object, and the law of motion of the object is only a side basis of this law. The discovery of this law is, of course, for practice and to ensure the success of practice. Because practice itself is constantly developing in the contradictory movement, the understanding of serving practice should also be constantly developing. All kinds of ideas that do not meet the needs of practice will be constantly overcome and eliminated. This kind of activity to overcome and get rid of ideas that are incompatible with practice is to emancipate the mind. Therefore, emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts are essentially unified, they both serve practice, and they are interdependent and transitional. Deng Xiaoping said: "What is emancipating the mind? When we talk about emancipating the mind, we mean to break the shackles of customary forces and subjective prejudice, study new situations and solve new problems under the guidance of Marxism. " (Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping, Volume 2, page 279) The unity of opposites between emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts is as follows: First, the cognitive activity of seeking truth from facts provides the cognitive premise for emancipating the mind. People's demand for emancipating the mind is put forward on the premise that some original ideas have bound and hindered the development of understanding and practice, and it is found that this is the result of summing up existing practical experience, that is, seeking truth from facts. The previous practice failed or the effect was not satisfactory, indicating that the ideas used to guide these practices were wrong. The requirement of emancipating the mind is to get rid of these fetters and obstacles. Leaving seeking truth from facts and rejecting some viewpoints at will lead to subjectivism. Second, emancipating the mind can clear the way for further seeking truth from facts. People's activities of seeking truth from facts do not start with a "whiteboard". Generally speaking, people's minds always store all kinds of ideas gained from previous learning and understanding, which always have a certain impact on new practical and realistic activities, especially the part of world outlook methodology, which fundamentally restricts the direction, method and height of people's understanding. The ideas in people's minds can be divided into two categories: one is the correct concept, which plays a certain role in reference and promotion in the new practice of seeking truth from facts; The other is wrong thinking, which interferes with and hinders the new activities of seeking truth from facts. Emancipate the mind, get rid of all kinds of wrong ideas, and clear the way for new practical and realistic activities. Third, only by highlighting the connotation of materialist dialectics of seeking truth from facts can we successfully explore and improve the "Chinese modernization road". At present, the fundamental problem to be solved in carrying out the ideological line of seeking truth from facts is to explore the "Chinese modernization road", that is, to build a socialist road with China characteristics. Compared with the general principle of scientific socialism, this road is special, and compared with the concrete practice methods in socialist modernization in various parts of China, it is also general. Therefore, the process of exploring "Chinese modernization road" is a dialectical understanding process from individual to general and from general to special. Only by consciously applying materialist dialectics can we complete this exploration task. The special and general mentioned here refers not only to the external characteristics of things, but also to the particularity and generality of internal contradictions of things. Exploring "Chinese-style modernization road" is the correct way to solve all kinds of contradictions encountered in the process of China's modernization, so this exploration must be based on the nature of internal contradictions in China at this stage. Exploring the "Chinese modernization road" is to solve the problem of "how to build socialism", and the solution of this problem should be based on the solution of "what is socialism". In essence, Deng Xiaoping's stipulation on the essence of socialism is based on his understanding of the main contradictions in China at the present stage, and they have a logical correspondence. At present, the main contradiction in our country is the contradiction between people's growing material and cultural needs and backward social production, and Deng Xiaoping's regulations on the essence of socialism revolve around this contradiction. Among them, "liberating and developing productive forces" is the fundamental way to solve this contradiction, while "eliminating exploitation and polarization" is the fundamental condition to ensure that the fruits of developing productive forces are really used to meet the people's material and cultural needs, rather than satisfying the desire of a few people to get rich, and "finally achieving * * * with wealth" is the inevitable result of correctly solving the main contradiction at this stage. To achieve this result, we must also comprehensively study and correctly solve various minor contradictions related to the main contradictions, such as the contradiction between fairness and efficiency in economic development, the contradiction between inner-party corruption and people's interests, and so on. In order to find the right way to solve this series of contradictions, we must persist in seeking truth from facts in our understanding and practice, especially consciously use materialist dialectics to understand various contradictions. Without materialist dialectics and limited to empirical methods, it is impossible to correctly understand and deal with the complex contradictions we are facing.

Adopt it