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Hundred Family Names-Li (2008-11-0312: 30: 53) Tags: Miscellaneous Talk
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Li is the most populous surname in the world. Li's surname ranks fourth among hundreds of surnames. In 2007, it was the second most populous surname in mainland China. However, according to the National Citizenship Information System (NCIIS) of the household registration administration, Li is the third surname. In North Korea and Vietnam, Li is also a common surname, and Li is the second largest surname in North Korea.
In order to distinguish it from homonyms, Li often calls it "eighteen sons of Li" or "". According to a paper on surnames published by China historians in Oriental Magazine 1977, Li is one of the top ten Chinese surnames in the world.
According to statistics, the total population of Li nationality exceeds 654.38+0 billion, accounting for 7.6543.8+0.9% of the total population in China. Zhoukou, Henan Province is the birthplace of Li, and Henan Province is the largest province of Li in China.
history
pre-Qin period
Li Er in the Spring and Autumn Period was the first person surnamed Li in the official history. Li Er, a native of Qurenli, Li Xiang Township, Guxian County, Chu State, was a thinker and founder of Taoism in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the author of Laozi and a historian in charge of book collection in Zhou Dynasty. Some ancient books say that he was born in Zhou Pingwang (early Spring and Autumn Period). At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius once asked him questions, so he said that he lived 160 or 200 years old because he cultivated himself. Laozi, also known as Tao Te Ching and Laozi's Five Thousand Articles, is the main classic of Taoism. It uses Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, which contains some simple dialectical factors and has a great influence on the development of China's philosophy. Later, both materialists and idealists absorbed Laozi's thoughts from different angles.
According to the New Tang Book, the ancestor of Li also married the daughter of Chen and his family and gave birth to a son named Li Changzu. Later, he practiced medicine and lived in Guxian County. Li Changzu's son is called Li Tongde. Tongde's great-grandson, Li Shuozong, was given a fief by Zhou Kangwang in Bitter County (fief, also called food city, land acquisition or fief, was the land sealed by the emperor or vassal to Dr. Qing and Dr. Qing during the slave society, together with slaves working on the land). The name of Li Shuozong's fifth grandson is Guo. He served as an ancient consultant in the Western Zhou Dynasty and married a precious daughter who lived a long life. These are Li Er's father and mother. Li Er's descendants, whose real name is Zunzu, worked as an official in Wei and were appointed as dry surgeons in Du 'an. Li Tong, the son of Li Zong, was a general of Zhao, Sun Lidui was, and Li Ji, his great grandson, was Zhao's. Li Ji has two sons: Li Yun and Li Ke. Li Ke's son Li Hong is the king of Qin (in today's Gansu and Shaanxi), and his grandson Li Xing is the general of Qin. Li Xing's son Li Tan is a noble man. He was an official in Zhao State and was appointed as Bairen (now Tangshan, Hebei Province). Later, he entered the Qin dynasty and served as the suggestion. Li Tan has four sons: Chong, Bian, Zhao and Yuan. They and their descendants were divided into two branches because they were officials and settled in other places respectively: Li Chong, the eldest son, was appointed as the guardian of Longxi (now Lintao County, Gansu Province), and Gongzheng, the south, was appointed as the government of Longxi; The fourth son, Li Gui, was a teacher of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. Gui Li's second son, Li Mu, was an official in Zhao State and settled in Zhao County (now southwest of Handan City, Hebei Province). Later, Longxi House was divided into 39 rooms, and Zhaojun House was divided into three groups: East, South and West.
After Li Er, Li's population gradually increased. Li, a prison official in the Spring and Autumn Period (whose capital is in the southeast of Yicheng, Shanxi Province), and Li Kui, a prison official in the Warring States Period (whose capital is in the northwest of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province), are all Li people who moved to Shanxi in the early days. During the Warring States Period, Li Bing, appointed by King Zhao of Qin as the commander of Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan), was the first person named Li to move to Sichuan. Thomas lee, Li Er's grandson, went to Zhao (whose capital is now Handan, Hebei) to be an official, and was the first person surnamed Li to move to Hebei. Li Hong, the son of Li Ke, the grandson of Li Jue, went to the State of Qin (the capital is in the northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi) as an official, and was the first person surnamed Li to move to Shaanxi. Li Tan, the grandson of Li Hong, served as an imperial adviser in the State of Qin. His eldest son, Li Chong, established Longxi House, and his fourth son, Li Gui, and his second son, Li Mu, established Zhaojun House, forming the two most important and basic tribes of the Li family.
During the Han and Three Kingdoms periods
During the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Li people opened up new settlements in many places. In the Western Han Dynasty, some people surnamed Li migrated to today's Shandong and Jiangxi, such as Li Ersheng, who stayed in Gaomi (now southwest of Gaomi County, Shandong Province) because he was an official in Jiaoxi. Li Shu, the first militarist who turned over a new leaf, was born in Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). By the time of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms, more people surnamed Li had traveled here and there, and they had spread to Liaoning and Liaoning in the northeast. For example, Li Jiu, who led the villagers to fight pirates in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was from Liaodong (now Liaoyang, Liaoning). To the northwest, to the present summer area. For example, Cui Li, a general who rode a horse in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, was a northerner (southwest of Wuzhong this summer); To the southeast, it has developed to Jiangsu. For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Nan Li was a native of Jurong (now Jiangsu). South to Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei. For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Li Jin, the cross-toed secretariat, was a powerful person (now Guangdong), and in the Three Kingdoms period, Wu Danyang was a native of Xiangyang (now Hubei). To the southwest, it has developed to Yunnan so far. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Li Hui was a native of Yuyuan Garden (in Chengjiang County, Yunnan Province).
During the Three Kingdoms period, Wei Wendi promulgated the "Nine-grade Official Law", which established Dazhongzheng in the state and Zhongzheng in the county, and was in charge of human rights, thus forming a Turkic regime. In this era when everyone values "family background", there is no Li in the ranks of "gentry". During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the family names of the gentry were arranged in a hierarchical manner. The most prominent family in northern Shandong (referring to the area east of Lushan Mountain or Huashan Mountain) was called the county surname, and Cui, Lu, Li and Zheng were the most popular. Because aristocratic families are likely to be composed of various factors, such as the prestige of ancestors, the wealth of generations, celebrities who often make contributions, men and women's homes who are familiar with ethics and behave differently from ordinary people, articulate, have articles and so on. , indicating that Li has risen. However, the most popular surnames listed here are limited to "Shandong" area, indicating that Li was not the most popular surname in China at that time. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, two regimes named Li appeared successively-Dacheng State and Xiliang State, which improved Li's reputation.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
From the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the Li family in Longxi was a member of the royal family for generations, with prominent official positions. By the end of Sui Dynasty, the Li family had considerable strength both inside and outside the imperial court, which laid a solid foundation for the unprecedented development of the Li family in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, in this historical period, in addition to being distributed in the above-mentioned areas, there are also Li people in Inner Mongolia, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces who go down in history, but generally speaking, Li is still mainly developed in the north. Li has lived in Henan since his surname was formed. During these hundreds of years, although some people were officials in the DPRK, few people knew about it because of their low popularity.
In the early Tang Dynasty, Chen Zheng was appointed as the chief officer of Lingnan by the imperial court, and led troops to suppress the "rebellion" in southern Fujian. Later, his son Chen Yuanguang succeeded him and solved the situation. Li, a native of Gushi, went to Fujian to develop Zhangzhou with Chen and his son. He made outstanding achievements and stayed in the local area. His descendants are scattered in Longxi and Zhangpu counties.
Wu Zetian of Tang Gaozong fled to the south in Wu Zhou. In 690, Li Dan was abolished, claiming to be the holy god emperor, and the country name was changed to Zhou, which was called Wu Zhou in history. She appointed cruel officials and repeatedly went to prison, which implicated many imperial families and courtiers and killed them unjustly. In order to avoid disaster, some people surnamed Li fled Chang 'an and Luoyang and settled in the quiet south of the Yangtze River.
● Avoid the "An Shi Rebellion" and move south.
In the winter of Tianbao 14th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (755), I Pinglu, Fan Yang, An Lushan, the envoy of Hedong, and Shi Siming rebelled in the name of killing Yang, which lasted for eight years. This war has made
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