Meiji Restoration in Japan: Middle and lower class soldiers were heavily armed. Through the defection of the army, the emperor mastered the real power and the resistance to reform was relatively small.

China's Reform Movement of 1898: Reformists could not mobilize the masses, hoping that emperors without real power could not carry out a series of measures.

2. The international environment is different.

Meiji Restoration in Japan: During the Meiji Restoration, the world was in a state of free capitalism, and the climax of colonial struggle had not yet formed. Western powers stepped up their aggression against China, which objectively provided a favorable international environment for the development of Japanese capitalism.

China's Reform Movement of 1898: During the period of reform and opening-up, capitalism entered the stage of imperialism, and it was urgent to open raw material producing areas and commodity sales markets, which set off a frenzy of splitting China. In this case, the change of methods is drastic and cannot be tolerated by imperialism.

3. Their social backgrounds are different.

Meiji Restoration in Japan: The people's resistance was persistent and fierce, the emerging class was more powerful, and the ruling class was very divided.

China's Reform Movement of 1898: Capitalism was not fully developed, feudal rulers colluded with imperialism, and feudal forces were relatively strong.

The similarities between the two are:

1, both of which were carried out with the aggravation of the national crisis;

2. Both were initiated by the bourgeoisie;

3. Both of them promote ideological emancipation;

Both of them are prepared to take the road of constitutional monarchy.