Ji Yilun devoted his life to higher agricultural education. For more than 40 years, he devoted himself to teaching and educating people, and trained several generations of animal husbandry scientific and technological talents. He has taught livestock breeding, cattle raising, feed analysis, animal nutrition and English. Courses such as "ruminant nutrition" and "scientific paper writing" are offered for graduate students. He believes that the basic concepts, basic viewpoints, basic theories and the latest scientific research achievements must be clearly explained in theoretical teaching, so that students can lay a solid theoretical foundation. Therefore, he prepares lessons carefully, and every time he talks about a problem, he has to consult a lot of materials, analyze and synthesize them, and form a complete theoretical system. His lectures are novel, clear-cut, vivid and clear-cut, and are well received by his classmates.
He believes that the construction of teaching materials is an important part of improving teaching quality, so on the basis of years of teaching, he gradually compiled his own courses into teaching materials and printed them out. He also actively participated in the compilation of the unified textbook of Cattle Breeding, published by Agricultural Press, 65438-0987.
He knows that "raising cattle" and "breeding" are applied and highly technical subjects, and students must have them.
Skilled hands-on skills, therefore, attach great importance to practical teaching. Over the past 40 years, he has devoted himself to the construction of feed analysis laboratory, continuously expanded the construction of school dairy farm and strengthened the experimental link; On the other hand, personally lead students to Taiyuan Jinyuan Farm, Shuoxian Racecourse or Baoding, Chabei and Yudaokou Ranch for graduation production practice. It also absorbs students to directly participate in rural field investigation, and combines theory with practice to improve students' practical operation ability. He also attached great importance to the construction and renewal of experimental means. I believe that only first-class instruments and equipment can cultivate first-class students and produce first-class scientific research results. Experiments should not only have conventional instruments, but also constantly acquire advanced equipment. He personally designed a digestive cage suitable for cattle, sheep, horses and pigs and purchased a granulator. With the opportunity of academic exchanges between the United States and Britain, we brought back rumen fistula, stainless steel micro-sieve, automatic milk analyzer and rumen simulation technology and equipment, which provided advanced means and learning conditions for teaching and research and greatly improved the teaching quality.
Ji Yilun has been teaching for more than 40 years, accumulating 12 years, and 13 people who were trained and awarded master's degrees before and after * * *, and are now the backbone of scientific research and teaching. Some of them are still studying in the United States and obtaining doctoral degrees, while others have achieved fruitful scientific research results. In order to do a good job in postgraduate training, he was entrusted by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1983 and presided over the compilation of the Postgraduate Training Program for Animal Production Major in Colleges and Universities directly under the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, which explained the postgraduate training objectives, research direction, study years, curriculum, training methods and teaching contents in detail. In addition, he also collected a large number of teaching plans and syllabus of Cornell and other universities in the United States for reference. He not only pays attention to theoretical narration, but also adopts heuristic and graphic teaching methods to inspire students to study problems with their brains, and runs through translation revision, research methods, instrument use, analysis methods and reference materials throughout teaching. In the process of cultivating graduate students, he also invited students to participate in some international academic exchanges, sent them to other places to visit and study, wrote special materials, and went to the countryside to understand the problems existing in production, which not only broadened their horizons, but also improved their academic level.
Ji Yilun has always been famous for his rigorous scholarship and tireless teaching. He is very strict with himself and his students, and needs many experiments to confirm an analysis figure. However, I took the trouble to answer the students' questions one by one. He is also very concerned about students' lives. Two graduate students walk between campus grazing stations every day, which is very time-consuming, so he gives them his bike.
Ji Yilun is loyal to the Party's educational cause, has worked hard for 40 years, and still contributes to the development of agricultural education. In recognition of his contribution to agricultural education, the State Education Commission awarded him 1990 a certificate and a marble prize, engraved with a golden horse statue and the words: The old horse is the first, with a thousand miles of ambition, the peaches and plums are silent, and the next step is to find your own way.
The first study on the digestibility of cellulose and lignin and the application of urea in feed in China
In the late 1940s, both textbooks in agricultural colleges and academic papers in animal husbandry only mentioned the crude fiber of the mixture, rarely involving cellulose and lignin, let alone accurate chemical analysis. At that time, the knowledge about urea was also very shallow. We only know that it can replace protein in breeding, but we don't know its principle, let alone its rational development and utilization in breeding. As early as 1949, Ji Yilun began to study the digestibility of cellulose and lignin and the application of urea while studying at the University of Utah in the United States. Became the founder of China feed fiber composition analysis and urea application.
He confirmed that crude fiber is a mixture of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin through the analysis of fiber components in feed. It is considered that the nutritional value of roughage should be studied separately from the above three fiber components and digestibility. After many experiments, he obtained the digestibility of different components of crude fiber. For cattle and sheep, cellulose is easier to digest, followed by hemicellulose, and the digestibility of lignin is very low, only 1.9%. After he returned to China on 1950, he treated straw with lime milk and fed it to cattle, and achieved scientific research results. Ji Yilun's achievements on lignin digestibility were included in 1975, the book "Digestion Test to Evaluate Feed" published in the United States. Professor Yang Shixing, a famous animal nutritionist in China, cited it in a paper in the late 1980s.
As for the application of urea in raising cattle, Ji Yilun thinks that since urea can replace protein, it can not only supplement protein, but also save bean cakes for feeding chickens and pigs, which is economical and practical. So, after many experiments, he supplemented part of protein with urea to feed cattle, and the digestibility of cellulose, protein and crude fiber in the diet was improved, but it had no effect on other components. This achievement was compiled into the book "Urea and Non-protein Nitrogen in Ruminant Nutrition" published in the United States from 65438 to 0963. Since 1970s, the effects of different urea feeding amounts and different feeding methods on cattle production performance have been tested for many times, and the best feeding method scheme has been found out and popularized in actual production. Since 1980s, he has studied urea as a part of supporting technology for feeding cattle with straw, and conducted experiments on feeding cattle with urea and corn silage, anhydrous ammonia and ammoniated straw with urea, which achieved good results and promoted the development of cattle production.
Excavate, summarize and carry forward the breeding management technology of the Chinese nation.
Ji Yilun attached great importance to the management experience of herders. He believes that China is a country with a long history of animal husbandry development, and farmers have rich experience in feeding technology and management. It is of great significance to excavate and discover successful folk feeding techniques and management methods, summarize them and actively promote them. Therefore, he often goes to the countryside to investigate and summarize the experience of farmers' feeding management.
In 1950s, he went to Jinnan to investigate the variety of cattle, and found that local farmers spread a layer of green alfalfa between two layers of wheat straw on the threshing floor and crushed it with a stone mill. It was dried for a long time and used to raise livestock, and the effect was very good. After further investigation and summary, he thinks that this method of crushing wheat straw to dry green feed is scientific and advanced, as good as manual drying feed and has high nutritional value. This kind of feed is crushed by stone mill, which destroys the basic structure of green feed. The squeezed juice is absorbed by the upper and lower layers of wheat straw absorbent, and the nutrients will not be lost. Then dry in the open air, heat and ventilate, and the drying speed is fast. Alfalfa and wheat straw have comprehensive nutrition, which is not only liked by domestic animals, but also has high utilization rate. By summing up, Ji Yilun called this kind of wheat straw pressed green feed "grass sandwich". At the international academic conference organized by 1993 Ministry of Agriculture and FAO, he showed a video and made a paper report. Since then, foreign experts have known that there is a kind of "grass sandwich" in China.
At the same time, Ji Yilun extensively investigated and collected the livestock management techniques of all ethnic groups, summarized them and compiled a book "Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Tether Technology". There are some methods in the book, such as "Tibetans throw cows", "Mongolians tie horses" and "Hui people kill cows and tie horses". In particular, the complicated and wonderful four-strand rope weaving method of "cage mouth" was written. It is an exquisite handicraft, which is worn on the mouths of cattle and horses to prevent them from eating crops. During the period of 1987, when he gave an academic report on the management of cattle feed in China in the Agricultural College of Fallman University, he showed the participants the "cage mouth" and explained the specific weaving method, which aroused great interest of teachers and students and praised the scientific management methods of herders in China.
1964, Ji Yilun took part in the great campaign of breeding base construction proposed by the central government in Qinyuan County, Shanxi Province. In the farms in mountainous rural areas, it was found that the breeder treated the chopped straw with human urine in vats, and it could be fed to cattle in two or three days. The cows loved it and soon gained weight. He asked how many years it had been used to treat straw in this way, and the breeder told him that it was handed down from the old ancestors. After investigation and textual research, this ammoniation technology has a history of hundreds of years in China, which is hundreds of years earlier than the ammoniation technology in western European countries that began in the 1930s. As for the origin of ammoniated feed technology in China, the paper he introduced at 1993 "International Conference on Utilizing Local Resources to Develop Animal Husbandry" organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and FAO of the United Nations attracted the attention of foreign experts. After the meeting, Professor Owen from the University of Reading in the UK and Professor Sun Steyr from the Norwegian Agricultural University gave him a Collection of Papers on Urine with Ammoniated Low-quality Straw, and mentioned that the use of ammoniated urine has attracted international attention because urine is a natural recharge. 1995 10 at the above-mentioned second international symposium held in China, "recycling nutrients through the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry" became one of the important topics of the conference, and scholars from all over the world started it one after another.
Academic exchange.
Popularize ammoniated straw to raise cattle and develop straw to raise cattle technology.
Ji Yilun has always attached importance to raising cattle with straw. In his view, China has a large population and less food per capita. Improving people's lives and developing animal husbandry is an important aspect. The development of animal husbandry can't rely on grain. We should develop and utilize agricultural and sideline products, develop herbivorous livestock and take the road of grain-saving animal husbandry development. From 65438 to 0983, after he returned from Tokyo, he attended the "Fifth World Animal Production Congress" and proposed the research and popularization of ammoniated straw to the leaders of the Ministry of Agriculture. After many times of comparative experiments and research on supporting technologies of ammoniated straw, gratifying results have been achieved. 1985, ammoniated straw was first applied in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, and then popularized in the whole region. The ammoniated straw reached10.44 million kg, and in 1987, 24,673 tons of ammoniated straw were popularized in the whole province, saving 6,000 tons of feed grain. The research results have played a leading role in promoting ammoniation in China. After that, he taught ammoniation technology in the national ammoniation silage training class for three times, compiled the book Ammoniated Straw, and participated in the ammoniation promotion work carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Henan and Hebei.
1990, 14 experts and professors from all over the country, such as Ji yilun, put forward an important strategic measure to solve China's grain problem-the suggestion of developing straw to raise cattle, which was highly valued by the central leadership. After investigating the experience of raising cattle with straw in Zhoukou, Henan Province, the Central Committee held a national symposium on developing animal husbandry in rural areas in 1992, and allocated huge funds, urea and plastic film to 10 counties as demonstration counties for raising cattle with straw. By 1993, there were 59 demonstration counties in China, and by 1994, there were 75 demonstration counties, and now the demonstration counties are still expanding. The development of straw cattle raising has played a positive role in increasing beef cattle production, reducing feeding costs and developing animal husbandry.
On this basis, Ji Yilun further measured the degradation rates of 80 kinds of roughage and more than 65,438+000 kinds of roughage in fistula. There are also differences in the types of agricultural and sideline products and the degradation rates of different parts of crops.
He also cooperated with American and British scholars to study the speed of fiber particle size and specific gravity passing through digestive tract, and the relationship between fiber fragment index and eating and chewing. Predict the energy consumption of crushing coarse materials, that is, chewing coarse materials; Artificial rumen, etc. These are the frontier sciences of roughage research.
Over the past 40 years, Ji Yilun has carried out many research projects in the field of cattle breeding, and achieved fruitful scientific research results. * * * Published more than 50 papers and compiled 9 monographs, including Cattle Raising, Improved Genetics and Nutritional Value of Livestock, and Processing Feed of Agricultural and Sideline Products, etc. Its scientific research achievements "Yellow Cattle Improvement" and "Shanxi Black and White Cow Breeding" won the third prize of "China" provincial scientific and technological achievements. Cow Identification won the first prize in Vermont, USA, Research and Application of Improving Straw Utilization Rate, Research on Development and Rational Utilization of Compound Feed Resources and Beef Cattle feeding standard won the second prize of provincial scientific and technological progress, among which Beef Cattle feeding standard was designated as the professional standard of China People * * * and China 1985. His spirit of continuous progress, pioneering and enterprising, and concentrating on scientific research against time is admirable.