Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The original word Tanfu was later changed to You 'an, alias Jiaxuan, and was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). At the time of birth, the Central Plains was occupied by nomadic people. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. Fight for gold all your life. He has been on "Ten Comments on Meiqin" and "Nine Comments" to explain the strategy of war and defense, showing his outstanding military talent and patriotic enthusiasm. However, the anti-gold proposal was not adopted and was hit. They once left their jobs for a long time and lived in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi. Han Biaozhou was in power for a time and died soon. His lyrics expressed patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity, poured out his grief and indignation, and condemned the humiliation and peace of the rulers at that time. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. He has a wide range of subjects, is good at using predecessors' allusions, and has a heroic style, but there is no lack of delicacy and gentleness. On the basis of Su Shi, it greatly expanded the artistic conception of Ci and improved the literary status of Ci, so later people called it "Su Xin". And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems. Xin Yewei, the ancestor of Xin Qiji, a judge of Dali Temple in Tang Dynasty, moved to Jinan from Didao in Longxi, so he died in Jinan. Gao studied in ancient times and was a scholar. Great-grandfather Singer used to be Pennsylvania's army secretary. Grandfather Xin Zan, due to the fatigue of his family, was unable to travel with the Song family south during the Jingkang Revolution. He became an official in Jin and successively guarded Qiao County, Kaifeng and other places. Xin Qiji's father Xin Wenyu died early, and he lived with his grandfather Xin Zan since childhood. Xin Qiji is as famous as Su Shi in literature, and is called "Su Xin", and is also called "Jinan Er 'an" with Li Qingzhao. Someone once praised him like this: Jia Xuan is the crown of people and the dragon in words. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "Since Xinjiaxuan, if you use such a word, you must keep your mouth shut. The rotten Jiaxuan is like a mord. Another example is that I am full of sorrow, depressed all my life, and drunk as a fiddler, but I feel that the host and the guest are hearty and can't talk properly. So much for words. "When he was born, the north has fallen into the hands of the gold people. Although his grandfather Xin Zan worked in the State of Jin, he always hoped to have the opportunity to "throw away his troubles to relieve your father's anger" and often took Xin Qiji to "climb high and look far, point out the mountains and rivers" (Ten Theories on Meiqin). At the same time, Xin Qiji also witnessed the humiliation and pain suffered by the Han people under the rule of the Jin people, which made him make great achievements in restoring the Central Plains in his youth. On the other hand, because Xin Qiji grew up in the north under the rule of Jin people, there was less traditional culture and education that people blindly followed the rules, and he had a chivalrous spirit. Xin Qiji has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, eastern Zhejiang and other places. Before he was born in 13, Shandong was occupied by the nomads. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), two thousand people joined the northern anti-Jin army and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty the following year. Throughout his life, he insisted on fighting against nomadic people and recovering lost land. Zeng Jin played "Ten Theories on Meiqin", analyzed the situation of the enemy and ourselves, and put forward specific plans for Qiang Bing's rejuvenation; He also went to the Prime Minister's Nine Discussions to further elaborate the idea of "Ten Comments on Meiqin", but it was not adopted and implemented. He took office in various places, seriously eliminated the accumulated disadvantages, actively prepared for war, was restrained by capitulationists, and even was dismissed. He once lived in Shangrao, Jiangxi for a long time. The great ambition of recovering the motherland was not brought into play, but was written with loyalty and righteousness, and its unique style of writing was called "Jiaxuan Style". Created a generation of great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty. His writing is full of passion, generosity and tragic. Powerful brushwork, diverse artistic styles and uninhibited. And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), Yan Liang, the gold owner, invaded the south on a large scale, and the Han people behind him rose up because they could not bear the harsh oppression of the Jin people. Xin Qiji, 2 1 year-old, also gathered 2,000 people to join the huge rebel army led by Geng Jing and served as secretary. When the internal contradictions among the Jin people broke out, Wan Yanliang was killed by his subordinates at the front line, and the Jin army retreated northward. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xin Qiji was ordered to contact the court of the Southern Song Dynasty. On his way back from his mission, he heard that Geng Jing was killed by the traitor Zhang Anguo, and the rebel army was dissolved. He led more than 50 people to attack the enemy camp, took the traitor back to Jiankang and handed it over to the Southern Song Dynasty court for execution. Xin Qiji's amazing courage and decisiveness made him famous for a while. " Cowards rise for it, and the Emperor of Heaven sighs when he sees it "(Hong Mai's Jia). Song Gaozong appointed him to sign a judgment in Jiangyin, and started his career in the Southern Song Dynasty. At this time, he was only 23 years old. When Xin Qiji first came to the south, he didn't understand the cowardice and cowardice of the imperial court. In addition, Song Gaozong and Zhao Gou both praised his heroic behavior, and Song Xiaozong, who soon acceded to the throne, also showed the spirit of regaining lost ground and avenging. Therefore, in the first period of his tenure in the Southern Song Dynasty, he enthusiastically wrote many suggestions to resist the Northern Expedition of the Jin Dynasty, such as the famous Ten Treatises of Meiqin and Nine Treatises. Although these suggestions were praised and widely circulated at that time, the imperial court, which was unwilling to fight again, was indifferent. It was only interested in Xin Qiji's practical ability in the proposal, so it sent him to Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other places to hold important local offices to control famine and rectify public order. This is obviously quite different from Xin Qiji's ideal. Although he did a good job, he felt more and more depressed and miserable because he deeply felt that time was flying, life was short and his ambition was hard to pay. However, the reality is harsh for Xin Qiji. Although he has outstanding talent, heroic and stubborn personality and persistent enthusiasm for the Northern Expedition, it is difficult for him to gain a foothold in the shrinking, smooth and jealous officialdom. He also realized that he was "just clumsy and confident, and he was not accepted by everyone for many years" ("On the Thief Zazi"), so he was ready to retire and built a garden pavilion by the lake in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, so that he could settle down after leaving his job. Sure enough, in the winter of the eighth year of Xichun (1 18 1), when Xin Qiji was 42 years old, he was dismissed from office because of impeachment and returned to Shangrao. In the next 20 years, he spent most of his time in the countryside, except for Fujian prefect and Fujian Anfu ambassador. Xin Qiji has always praised the hermit who is arrogant in the mountains, and living in the countryside is not coincidental with his outlook on life; Moreover, because of his past position, he can live a very luxurious life. But as a hot-blooded man and a man of the hour, he was forced to leave politics in his prime, which made him unbearable. "Don't say good bass west wind, JiYing did not return? "I'm afraid I should be ashamed to ask about the fields and houses, and Liu Lang is talented" (Shui Deng Jian Kang Banquet Hall). Therefore, he often enjoys the pastoral scenery and its quiet interest, while constantly surging inside, sometimes excited by his own life ideal, sometimes angry and depressed by the ruthlessness of reality, and sometimes forced himself to comfort himself and make broad-minded thoughts, and spent the rest of his life in this emotional ups and downs. "But the king what's going on in the world, won the reputation behind him. Unfortunately, it happened in vain (broken array), but "ten thousand words for the owner to plant trees" (partridge day), which buried his affection. In the third year of Jiatai (1203), Han Biaozhou, who advocated the Northern Expedition, began to use leading figures. At the age of 64, Xin Qiji was appointed as the magistrate of Shaoxing and the messenger of peace in eastern Zhejiang, which inspired the spirit of the older generation of poets. The following year, he met with Song Ningzong, made an impassioned speech on Xu Jinguo's "disorderly death" (Miscellanies of the ruling and opposition parties since Yan Jian's collection B), and personally served in the front line of Zhenjiang. In the first year of Song Ningzong (AD 1205), Xin Qiji was appointed as the magistrate of Zhenjiang. At the age of sixty-five, he boarded the Gu Bei Pavilion and lamented his disappointment that he could not serve his country. He recalled the past hopefully, and wrote the book "Never Meet Le Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia". However, he was hit hard again, and was forced to leave his job under the blow of some admonishers, and returned to his hometown in the same year. Although he has been called to work in the last two years, he is old and sick and weak. Finally, he died in the autumn of Kathy's third year, at the age of 67. Although, since the fall of the Central Plains, expressing grief and indignation over national humiliation and expressing enthusiasm for serving the country has become the central theme of literature, Xin Qiji's ci still has unique brilliance in it. This is not only because Xin Qiji grew up in the north ravaged by other nationalities, and his desire to restore his homeland is stronger than that of ordinary literati, but also because he actively seeks the glory of his personal life while undertaking the national mission, and shows an irresistible heroism in his words. Xin Qiji is a great poet, and also a national hero who is brave in the three armed forces, good at fighting and familiar with the military. His words "boring cymbals loudly, whispering, crossing the Liuhe River and sweeping the ages" have become a treasure in the history of China literature; As a court minister in the Southern Song Dynasty, he wrote an article "Discussing and Training the Militia to Defend Huai Shu", which expressed the author's strong patriotic feelings, incisive and profound analysis of the war situation and clear and concrete countermeasures. This applied essay is full of passion, ingenious, well-founded, accurate and concise. The article only uses more than 600 words, from asking questions, analyzing problems to solving problems in one go. The information, analysis, measures, predictions and words are simple and clear. A heroic and broad-minded poet can write such a rigorous and simple practical article according to the needs of different styles. It can be seen that great writing can't be confined to a narrow world. He should master several sets of pen and ink skillfully, not only have his own favorite style, but also write different genres and styles according to different requirements, just like a martial artist with profound kung fu. Although he is good at a weapon, he is right. Xin Qiji used two completely different styles to express his impassioned patriotic feelings from different sides, reflecting his lofty aspirations and lofty ideals of caring for the country and the people, and his lofty ambition of "a man who has tears does not flick, but wants to make up for the sky". (Excerpted from Applied WritingNo. 1, 0998, Master of Ci Poetry-Reading Xin Qiji). Throughout his life, he was proud of his integrity, made his own achievements, and advocated the war of resistance all his life. He participated in ten essays and nine discussions on Meiqin, which showed his outstanding military talent and patriotic enthusiasm, and maintained a deep friendship with Chen Liang, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, encouraging him to be honest and learn from him. Anti-gold and national rejuvenation are the main themes of his works, among which there are many laments of the lost direction of heroes and the idle resentment of the strong, which have distinct characteristics of the times. It also depicts the pastoral scenery, social customs and folk customs of the four seasons in the rural areas of the south of the Yangtze River with vivid and delicate brushstrokes. His ci has a wide range of subjects, and he also makes good use of predecessors' allusions. The style is heavy and heroic, and there is no lack of delicacy and gentleness. On the basis of Su Shi, he greatly developed the artistic conception of Ci and improved the literary status of Ci. Later people called it "Su Xin". His poems are also worthy of praise, especially his "powerful pen, clever convergence, correct and balanced theoretical style". Strong patriotism and fighting spirit are the basic ideological content of Xin Ci, which is first manifested in his ci, and he keeps repeating his nostalgia for the north. In addition, in the words He Xinlang Fishing, he satirized the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty with words such as "there is water left and mountains left" and "the sun sets, and the willow blossoms are bright", living in poverty, expressing his dissatisfaction with being partial and not thinking about going north. Ambition is useless, and it is expressed in unspeakable words. In his masterpiece Shui Long Yin, he is good at remembering the past and facing picturesque rivers and mountains and heroes. While inspiring his lofty aspirations, he also expresses the feeling that heroes are useless. The fierce conflict between ideal and reality constitutes the tragic tone of his ci. On the basis of Su Shi's Ci, Xin Ci has further expanded the scope of the subject matter, almost to the point where everything has to be unintentionally written. When Xin Qiji's ci expresses his ambition to serve the country, he often shows the soldiers' heroic and confident mood, such as "holding the waves of the Milky Way and washing the sand in the northwest" ("Water Tunes the Song Tou"), "When burying horses, he said that a moth threw herself into the fire" ("Man Jiang Hong"), and "He said that people's hearts are like iron of death. See how to try to mend the sky "("He Xinlang ") and so on. Everything is full of pride and anger. For those who are brave enough to serve their country like him, he sincerely praises them and encourages them in unison. For example, the impassioned "Shui Long Yin Chen Jia Shou Han Nan Jian Shang Shu" is completely different from ordinary vulgar birthday words: How many people are really proficient in crossing the river to cross the Tianma South? Chang 'an elders, the scenery of the new pavilion, are as poor as ever. How many times did you look back when you were on land? Do you know that Wan Li's fame and fortune are true Confucianism? There is an article about hitting mountains, all of which are sunny days with children's voices. When I fell to the ground, now I try, and the situation is running. The wind and smoke in the green fields, the vegetation in Pingquan and the wine singing in Dongshan. I will rectify Kun's work and celebrate her husband's birthday next year. Xin Qiji has an instinctive aversion to vulgar and smooth bureaucrats who do nothing in the face of national peril. In Millennium Tune, he outlined the ugliness of such characters: "Give people a drink, then pour it first. The most important thing is to make cocoa, and everything is fine. " However, it is such people who are full of officialdom, hold power and embark on a road of stealing peace. He wrote angrily: "General Lee won herma forever. Cai Li is the next person, but he is a seal. " (Fu Bu) When Xin Qiji led a few troops across the battlefield and came to the south, he was full of blood and eager to show his grand plan. Unexpectedly, he fell into a mediocre situation, which made him feel unbearable anguish and indignation. He returned to the south for twelve years, and when he revisited Jiankang, the first stop of Nangui, he wrote the famous "Shui Long Yin Deng Jian Kang Yue Ting": Chu Tian is thousands of miles away in clear autumn, and flowing water follows the sky. Seeing the mountains in the distance will only cause me sadness and resentment at the end of the country. These mountains are like a hairpin and a spiral coil on a woman's head. The sun in the west leans against this floor, and geese are barking in the distant sky. I am wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, homesick for a wanderer. I saw Wu Gou and made a column, but no one would attend. Don't say that the bass is ugly. Zephyr and Jiying haven't come back yet? People like Xu Si who only buy land for themselves should be ashamed to see Liu Bei who is brilliant and complete in these two aspects. Unfortunately, time passes like running water. I'm really worried about the country's ups and downs. As Huan Wen said, the trees have grown so much! Who is money, calling for red scarf and green sleeves, calling for heroes. This is the sorrow of broken mountains and rivers, and the sorrow of empty ambition; Time goes by mercilessly, and it is even more shocking because of this sadness. However, even if the poet writes about his loneliness and sadness, his pain and tears, we can still see his unsinkable heroism. His ci tries to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national reunification, pour out the grief and indignation of hard-to-pay ambition, and expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold. Passionate, generous and tragic, vigorous brushwork, and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin". Famous for breaking the array, Chen Tongfu gave Zhuang words to recall the past, Yong Yule, Jingkou, Gu Beiting, Shuilongyin, Deng Jiankang, Shangxin Pavilion and Bodhisattva Man, and wrote a wall in Jiangxi. However, some works show negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambition, such as Jia Xuan's long and short sentences, and Deng Guangming's annotation on Jia Xuan's chronology is the most popular annotation in the contemporary era. Modern people have compiled Xin Jiaxuan's poems and notes.

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Most of the anthologies of this little word are selected, and some of them have simple explanations. For example, Mr. Hu's "Selected Poems of Song Dynasty" said: "The environment of this poem and the collocation of characters are a very symmetrical and natural picture. Lao He and Xiao write most vividly. Lying away from the lotus is the visualization of' rogue'. " Selected Poems of Xin Qiji published by Zhonghua Book Company 1979 said: "This word can be said to be an idyllic sketch. Written in a fresh and lively way, a few strokes outline a vivid scene of Qingxi Caotang people, which makes people feel like they are there. " Yu Pingbo's Selected Interpretation of Tang and Song Ci said: "This article objectively describes the rural scene. The old man is a little drunk, the older children are working and the children are playing. The brushwork is fresh and seems effortless. " One of the characteristics of the above theory is that the word is an objective description of the rural scene. Others, such as Wu Xiaoru, think that words also reflect the author's subjective feelings, and they are not just purely objective sketches. Based on this starting point, there are different understandings of words and sentences. For example, in the third and fourth sentences of the last movie, Wu Xiaoru thinks that "drunkenness" is the author's own drunkenness, not the rural "love". Wu Xiaoru said in Article 12 of Reading Essays: "Xin Qiji's Qingpingle Village House has a saying: ... Hu's Selected Poems and Yu Pingbo's Selected Interpretation of Tang Poetry and Song Poetry are all drunk, which is doubtful. This drunkenness is the author's drunkenness, and Jude's drunkenness is the author's drunkenness. If Weng is drunk, how does the author know? And when you are drunk, you can't be tone-deaf, so you won't be drunk, that is, you won't be tone-deaf Those "flattery" means that Wu Yin makes the author feel good, not that Weng Xu is flattering himself. The author Gai was intoxicated by Wu dialect, and only after listening carefully did he know that it was a dialogue between farmers and Weng Xu. This is only an explanation of the notes in the first edition of Selected Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties by Mr. Xia. " (The Book of Learning the Forest, episode 1, page 187) Wu Xiaoru thinks that it is more poetic to look at the rural life from the eyes of a drunken author than to listen to an intoxicating Wu dialect from a sober bystander. The subject of the word "favorite" on the next page of this word should also refer to the author, not the white-haired man. It can be seen that the author's mood in this word is cheerful and cheerful. Map of Qingpingle Villagers' Residence

Because Xin Qiji always insisted on patriotism and resistance to gold, after the Southern Song Dynasty, he was rejected and hit by the capitulators in power. Since the age of forty-three, he has not been in office for a long time, so that he has lived in Xinzhou, Jiangxi (now Shangrao, Jiangxi) for twenty years. Having lived in the countryside for a long time, the author knows more about rural life and has more contact with farmers. Therefore, many of Jia's works are excellent works describing rural life, including landscape paintings and rural genre paintings. This song "Qingping Music" is a vivid and colorful rural genre painting. Liu Xizai said, "Words should be fresh" and "Words should be elegant and upright" (Yi Wen Zhi Ci Qu Lulve). The author's first poem has the characteristics of "fresh language" and poetry. It is manifested in three aspects: description technique, structure and conception. In terms of description, this poem does not use thick ink, but only uses pure line drawing to describe the environment and life of a family of five in the countryside. The author describes the different faces and patterns of this family vividly, vividly and with a strong flavor of life. If it is not a big deal, it is difficult to achieve such an artistic conception. Uptown outlines the environment and sets off the atmosphere. The first two sentences, write this family of five, there is a small thatched cottage, and there is a clear stream next to the house. The stream is covered with green grass. Here, the author only uses two faint strokes to outline the fresh and beautiful environment composed of huts, streams and grasslands. It is not difficult to see that these two sentences, in the whole first word, also have a little understanding of the mission of the environment and place, which has arranged a broad background for the appearance of the characters. In three or four sentences, it describes a pair of white-haired Weng Tuo, sitting together affectionately, drinking and chatting. Their voices are slightly drunk, which makes them more gentle and charming. But when they come to them, they find that the speaker is not a young man, but a white-haired old man. From "drunkenness", we can see the peace of life of the elderly, and from "obsequiousness", we can see their spiritual happiness. Although these words are very dull, they vividly reproduce the harmonious, warm and comfortable happy life of a pair of white-haired men and women who love each other and lead a drunken life. This is a miracle among miracles. Of course, this is not only limited to the life of this couple, but also summarizes the common life fun of rural elderly couples, which has certain typical significance. "Wuyin" refers to the dialect of Wu dialect. When the author wrote this word, it was in Shangrao, Jiangxi, belonging to the State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Er" is synonymous with old women. The next four sentences fully reflected the different images of the farmer's three sons in all aspects of rural life at that time, and the picture continued to unfold. The eldest son is the main labor force in the family, shouldering the heavy burden of weeding in Dong Xidou field. The second son is still young and can only work as a helper, so he weaves a chicken coop at home. The youngest son doesn't know the way of the world, but he is naughty at will. Just watch him lying by the stream peeling lotus leaves and eating. Although these sentences are extremely easy to understand, they depict vivid characters and intriguing artistic conception. In particular, the innocent and lively appearance of children peeling lotus leaves freely is interesting and realistic, which can be described as a stroke of genius, a must in ancient and modern times! The poet focused on "children", and * * * used two sentences, accounting for a quarter of the whole word. "Rogue" means naughty, it is a nickname, not derogatory. The word "lying" is used wonderfully, which shows the children's carefree, innocent and lively, naughty and lovely power to the fullest. The so-called word is worth a thousand dollars, that is to say, the proper use of one word can add luster to the whole sentence or word. This is the word "lie" here. In terms of artistic structure, the whole word closely revolves around the flow, arranges pictures and launches character activities. Judging from the artistic conception of the words, Mao's eaves are close to the stream. In addition, the combination of words such as "green grass on the stream", "big boy hoes beans in the east of the stream" and "I like children playing hooligans best, and the lotus is peeling at the head of the stream" makes the picture layout compact. Therefore, the use of the word "Xi" plays a key role in the whole word structure. In the description of scenery, eaves, streams and grasslands are all common things in rural areas, but the author combines them in one painting, which is particularly fresh and beautiful. In terms of writing people, Weng Tuo drinks and chats, the elderly mow the grass, the middle weaves the chicken coop, and the young lies and peels the lotus. Through such a simple plot arrangement, it truly reflects a vibrant, peaceful, quiet, simple and comfortable rural life. Give people a poetic, fresh and pleasant feeling. This concept is ingenious, novel, harmonious and vivid, leaving an unforgettable impression. From the author's description of the fresh, beautiful, simple and elegant environment in the countryside, and the description of Weng Tuo and his three sons, we can see that the poet loves the peaceful and quiet life in the countryside. This poem was written by the author in his later years when he was rejected and hit by the peace faction and retired to the countryside in Shangrao. Lyrics describe a peaceful, quiet, simple and comfortable life in rural areas, and cannot be said to be the author's whitewash of reality. Judging from the fact that the author has been paying attention to the restoration of the Song Dynasty, he yearns for such an idyllic life, which will further stimulate his patriotic enthusiasm for fighting against nomadic people, recovering the Central Plains and reunifying the motherland. Judging from the situation at that time, this peaceful and quiet life also existed in villages far from the anti-gold front. This word is not the product of the author's subjective imagination, but a reflection of real life. It has a strong flavor of rural life, and the joy of rural life is everywhere between the lines, which objectively reflects the author's hatred of the dark officialdom life.