How to improve junior high school students' ability to solve mathematical application problems? Application problem is an important part of the senior high school entrance examination mathematics paper, which can not only examine students' ability to analyze and solve problems, but also examine students' innovative consciousness and inquiry ability. Every year, there are a certain number of mathematics application-oriented questions in the mathematics test paper for senior high school entrance examination, and their difficulty and scores are quite interesting. So, how to improve junior high school students' ability to solve math application problems? First, cultivate students' interest in mathematics and fully mobilize their enthusiasm for learning and applying problem-solving methods. Einstein said, "Interest is the best teacher." So how to stimulate students' interest in learning in mathematics teaching? Many people think it's useless to learn so much math, which is simply not needed in daily life. In fact, the application of mathematics is everywhere in life. Teachers must introduce the position and role of mathematics in modernization and the great role of learning mathematics well in real life in combination with specific teaching contents, so that students can realize that learning mathematics well is not only the need of development, but also the need of reality. Mathematics is a very rigorous and logical subject, but it is also a colorful and vivid subject. In teaching, we should not only pay attention to its rigor, but also grasp the content of teaching materials and students' psychological characteristics, dissolve mathematical historical materials in teaching in time, and stimulate students' interest in learning with vivid examples and stories. Paying attention to the application teaching of mathematics in teaching can make students fully feel the function and charm of mathematics, so as to love mathematics. Second, according to students' cognitive rules, let students get the joy of success. Junior high school is an important stage in a person's life, and junior high school students are in a state of being both sensible and not completely clear in cognitive development, that is, all kinds of cognitive processes are developing and imperfect. Therefore, in education, we should not only put forward specific and feasible requirements for them, but also not expect too much. According to students' life reality, age characteristics and teaching rules, we should adopt a variety of teaching means and methods reasonably and handle all links in the teaching process well. Because students' cognitive structure has their own personality characteristics, each student's ability to process and process new information is different. A flexible student can handle the difference between old and new knowledge well, while a rigid student will feel helpless in the face of the difference between old and new knowledge. Therefore, grasping teaching difficulties is an important link to stimulate mathematics learning motivation. We should protect students' inner enthusiasm for learning and create conditions for their success. Let the students answer the questions on the board with dignity and pride as much as possible, and consider that most students have a chance to succeed in class homework, so that students can taste the joy of "jumping up and picking fruits". Most students are afraid of difficulties and lack confidence in solving application problems. They don't know how to analyze and find the quantitative relationship in the problem. To solve this problem, we should start with the basics and start with simple application problems. Simple application problems have simple background and direct language, which is convenient for students to understand how to examine problems, straighten out quantitative relations, and easily establish mathematical models, laying a foundation for solving more complex application problems, bringing students the experience of solving problems successfully and enhancing their confidence in solving application problems. Third, pay attention to the content of application questions to be practical and close to life. At present, many problems and test questions in Chinese mathematics textbooks are pure mathematics problems divorced from the actual background, or applied mathematics problems without background. Such training, over time, makes students have a strong ability to solve ready-made mathematical problems, but their ability to abstract practical problems into mathematical problems is very weak. Mathematics takes the spatial form and quantitative relationship of the real world as the research object, and many of its concepts, theorems and methods are derived from reality. But it has a conclusion that it serves all walks of life in production and society. Therefore, under the premise of following the teaching requirements, teachers can carefully compile some questions related to life and science, so that students can feel that mathematics is everywhere around them, thus sprouting the desire to learn mathematics well and solve practical problems, combining learning with application, and achieving the effect of improving students' application ability. For example, when learning inequality, we can calculate the production, sales and profits of products in real life, the most cost-effective ticket purchase scheme for tourism and so on. Each part reflects the common quantitative relations and practical problems in daily life and production as much as possible, so that students can deepen their understanding of the importance of mathematics, improve their interest in learning mathematics, and gradually form their consciousness and ability to apply mathematics to practice. So as to improve students' ability to solve practical problems. Fourth, carefully write application problems and cultivate students' ability to solve application problems. Pay attention to the changeable training of application problems. In examples and exercises, you can change the narrative order and way of questions, set redundant conditions, change conditions or questions, etc. Through such training, students can eliminate the interference of non-essential characteristics in application problems and correctly analyze the equivalence relationship, which is of great benefit to improving the flexibility of thinking and problem-solving ability. Pay attention to comparative exercises and cultivate students' analytical ability. Through comparison, students can fully understand the differences and connections between application problems, which is not only conducive to clearing their minds and mastering the correct solution, but also conducive to the development of students' thinking ability. In addition, designing multi-level exercises and writing exercises according to conditions is also a very effective method in the teaching of applied problems, which can be used flexibly as needed. Pay attention to the training of multiple solutions to one problem. Different problem-solving methods have different problem-solving ideas. This kind of systematic training can enhance students' ability to flexibly choose problem-solving methods, stimulate students' ability of association, speculation and innovation, broaden the thinking of problem-solving, and analyze and think about problems in all directions. Fifth, cultivate students' writing comprehension ability. Having a strong ability to understand words is the basic condition for students to solve practical problems. First of all, we should guide students to form good thinking habits, and the meanings of keywords such as "Bi", "Duo", "Times", "Most", "At least", "Du" and "Increase to". Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the understanding of students' professional terms and ensure that the whole problem-solving thinking is not bound by words, such as "going in the opposite direction" and "going in the same direction". So as to raise the level of understanding to a new height. Keywords are sometimes questions of the topic, sometimes known conditions of the topic, and sometimes implied conditions of the topic. Every step of the calculation of the topic is inseparable from the keyword, and the equivalent relationship of the application topic is often reflected by a keyword. In teaching, we must grasp these words to analyze, communicate the internal relations between conditions and problems, and conditions and conditions, so that students can understand the meaning of problems and find out the correct solutions. Sixth, through reading comprehension, strengthen students' ability to organize information. Mathematical application problems are mostly written by dealing with practical problems and omitting some complicated factors. Therefore, we must first understand the actual background of the problem, that is, we must care about national and local events. If similar words appear in the test questions, students can adapt and understand them quickly, and they are not afraid of difficulties, which is also a key step to understand the meaning of the questions. First, students have to pass the reading test. Students are bored with a long topic, have no intention of reading any more, or can't grasp the main meaning of the topic. Students must be patient and read the question at least three times. The application question is actually an explanatory article, with general words and a large amount of information. This requires a quick browse for the first time to understand the general idea of the topic: what the topic describes, and see if the topic is familiar with the type of topic that has been seen before, and what kind of topic it is (function problem, inequality problem, probability problem, etc.). ). The second time, read carefully and grasp the key words. Key words and important sentences in a topic are often important information, and distinguishing them is the starting point for realizing comprehensive cognition. The third time, check the information obtained to see if there is any omission in the information obtained by yourself. Secondly, strengthen students' information organization ability and understanding ability. Students should know what the conditions are, what to solve and what basic concepts are involved. At the same time, students are required to combine their hands and brains, write while reading, and draw corresponding schematic diagrams to avoid missing information. By understanding and dredging the characters of application problems, the collected data are sorted out, and the fragmentary mathematical knowledge is systematized and scientific, forming a holistic thinking, thus providing theoretical basis for analyzing and solving application problems. Mathematics test questions have many words and long narratives, and words, symbols and graphic languages are intertwined. Therefore, understanding is very important. Only by removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, and distinguishing the primary and secondary, can the problem solver answer correctly. Seven, a good operation. After establishing the mathematical model, we should consider the choice of operation methods. There are many different solutions to many application problems. Although everyone can get the correct answer, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are different, and the time and energy consumed are also very different. So it is also the ability for students to quickly distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of operation methods. Accurately understanding the meaning of operation and correctly mastering the rules and formulas of operation are the basis of correct operation and the basis of forming operational ability. There are many operations, formulas and rules in middle school mathematics, and some students often remember them incorrectly or confuse them. There is a lack of necessary thinking about the deformed forms of many operation formulas and their application from different angles, which affects the formation of correct operation and skilled operation skills. If it is the general requirement to carry out correct and orderly operation according to the concept, formula and law of operation, then understanding operation, strengthening the consciousness of seeking simplicity and developing operation skills are the requirements to cultivate higher-level operation ability, and we should start from a small place. Eight, strict writing requirements, complete expression of the problem-solving process. First, step writing should be standardized. Solutions, certificates, text descriptions, formulas, calculation results, units of measurement, answers, etc. Should be written in strict accordance with the requirements, clear and clear. Second, symbol writing should be standardized. The writing of operational symbols, relational symbols, algebraic symbols, geometric symbols and triangular symbols must be standardized, clear and accurate. Third, writing should be standardized. In the process of solving problems and answering questions, it is necessary to write neatly, draw correctly and use punctuation properly in order to fully express the problem-solving process. Mathematical application problems are different from general mathematical problems. The purpose of setting them is to solve practical problems, and the answers must be expressed in mathematical language. Many students lost points in the last link. Attention should be paid to language norms in this link, which is the guarantee for the correct use of mathematical language. In addition, the unit is not unified; When setting elements, omit unknown units; This inspection did not check; Finally, forgetting to answer is also a common problem. Teachers should try their best to put an end to these problems. In short, the teaching of application problems can not be ignored. According to the characteristics of subject teaching, mathematics teachers should attach great importance to it ideologically, arrange it carefully in action, implement it conscientiously, optimize the teaching of applied problems, and always focus on improving students' application consciousness and ability, so that students' quality can be significantly improved in the teaching of applied problems. Only in this way can we cultivate a group of talents who can really meet the needs of the future society. With the development of society, information is becoming more and more important in people's work and life, and people must have the ability to deal with information and solve problems. Paying attention to cultivating students' problem-solving strategies and methods can improve students' ability in this respect. Application problem teaching is an essential link in junior high school mathematics teaching. Application-oriented test questions are an important part of the mathematics test paper for senior high school entrance examination, which can not only examine students' ability to analyze and solve problems, but also examine students' innovative consciousness and inquiry ability. Every year, there are a certain number of mathematics application-oriented questions in the mathematics test paper for senior high school entrance examination, and their difficulty and scores are quite interesting. So, how to improve junior high school students' ability to solve math application problems? First, cultivate students' interest in mathematics and fully mobilize their enthusiasm for learning and applying problem-solving methods. Einstein said, "Interest is the best teacher." So how to stimulate students' interest in learning in mathematics teaching? Many people think it's useless to learn so much math, which is simply not needed in daily life. In fact, the application of mathematics is everywhere in life. Teachers must introduce the position and role of mathematics in modernization and the great role of learning mathematics well in real life in combination with specific teaching contents, so that students can realize that learning mathematics well is not only the need of development, but also the need of reality. Mathematics is a very rigorous and logical subject, but it is also a colorful and vivid subject. In teaching, we should not only pay attention to its rigor, but also grasp the content of teaching materials and students' psychological characteristics, dissolve mathematical historical materials in teaching in time, and stimulate students' interest in learning with vivid examples and stories. Paying attention to the application teaching of mathematics in teaching can make students fully feel the function and charm of mathematics, so as to love mathematics. Second, according to students' cognitive rules, let students get the joy of success. Junior high school is an important stage in a person's life, and junior high school students are in a state of being both sensible and not completely clear in cognitive development, that is, all kinds of cognitive processes are developing and imperfect. Therefore, in education, we should not only put forward specific and feasible requirements for them, but also not expect too much. According to students' life reality, age characteristics and teaching rules, we should adopt a variety of teaching means and methods reasonably and handle all links in the teaching process well. Because students' cognitive structure has their own personality characteristics, each student's ability to process and process new information is different. A flexible student can handle the difference between old and new knowledge well, while a rigid student will feel helpless in the face of the difference between old and new knowledge. Therefore, grasping teaching difficulties is an important link to stimulate mathematics learning motivation. We should protect students' inner enthusiasm for learning and create conditions for their success. Let the students answer the questions on the board with dignity and pride as much as possible, and consider that most students have a chance to succeed in class homework, so that students can taste the joy of "jumping up and picking fruits". Most students are afraid of difficulties and lack confidence in solving application problems. They don't know how to analyze and find the quantitative relationship in the problem. To solve this problem, we should start with the basics and start with simple application problems. Simple application problems have simple background and direct language, which is convenient for students to understand how to examine problems, straighten out quantitative relations, and easily establish mathematical models, laying a foundation for solving more complex application problems, bringing students the experience of solving problems successfully and enhancing their confidence in solving application problems. Third, pay attention to the content of application questions to be practical and close to life. At present, many problems and test questions in Chinese mathematics textbooks are pure mathematics problems divorced from the actual background, or applied mathematics problems without background. Such training, over time, makes students have a strong ability to solve ready-made mathematical problems, but their ability to abstract practical problems into mathematical problems is very weak. Mathematics takes the spatial form and quantitative relationship of the real world as the research object, and many of its concepts, theorems and methods are derived from reality. But it has a conclusion that it serves all walks of life in production and society. Therefore, under the premise of following the teaching requirements, teachers can carefully compile some questions related to life and science, so that students can feel that mathematics is everywhere around them, thus sprouting the desire to learn mathematics well and solve practical problems, combining learning with application, and achieving the effect of improving students' application ability. For example, when learning inequality, we can calculate the production, sales and profits of products in real life, the most cost-effective ticket purchase scheme for tourism and so on. Each part reflects the common quantitative relations and practical problems in daily life and production as much as possible, so that students can deepen their understanding of the importance of mathematics, improve their interest in learning mathematics, and gradually form their consciousness and ability to apply mathematics to practice. So as to improve students' ability to solve practical problems. Fourth, carefully write application problems and cultivate students' ability to solve application problems. Pay attention to the changeable training of application problems. In examples and exercises, you can change the narrative order and way of questions, set redundant conditions, change conditions or questions, etc. Through such training, students can eliminate the interference of non-essential characteristics in application problems and correctly analyze the equivalence relationship, which is of great benefit to improving the flexibility of thinking and problem-solving ability. Pay attention to comparative exercises and cultivate students' analytical ability. Through comparison, students can fully understand the differences and connections between application problems, which is not only conducive to clearing their minds and mastering the correct solution, but also conducive to the development of students' thinking ability. In addition, designing multi-level exercises and writing exercises according to conditions is also a very effective method in the teaching of applied problems, which can be used flexibly as needed. Pay attention to the training of multiple solutions to one problem. Different problem-solving methods have different problem-solving ideas. This kind of systematic training can enhance students' ability to flexibly choose problem-solving methods, stimulate students' ability of association, speculation and innovation, broaden the thinking of problem-solving, and analyze and think about problems in all directions. Fifth, cultivate students' writing comprehension ability. Having a strong ability to understand words is the basic condition for students to solve practical problems. First of all, we should guide students to form good thinking habits, and the meanings of keywords such as "Bi", "Duo", "Times", "Most", "At least", "Du" and "Increase to". Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the understanding of students' professional terms and ensure that the whole problem-solving thinking is not bound by words, such as "walking in the opposite direction" and "walking in the same direction". So as to raise the level of understanding to a new height. Keywords are sometimes questions of the topic, sometimes known conditions of the topic, and sometimes implied conditions of the topic. Every step of the calculation of the topic is inseparable from the keyword, and the equivalent relationship of the application topic is often reflected by a keyword. In teaching, we must grasp these words to analyze, communicate the internal relations between conditions and problems, and conditions and conditions, so that students can understand the meaning of problems and find out the correct solutions. Sixth, through reading comprehension, strengthen students' ability to organize information. Mathematical application problems are mostly written by dealing with practical problems and omitting some complicated factors. Therefore, we must first understand the actual background of the problem, that is, we must care about national and local events. If similar words appear in the test questions, students can adapt and understand them quickly, and they are not afraid of difficulties, which is also a key step to understand the meaning of the questions. First, students have to pass the reading test. Students are bored with a long topic, have no intention of reading any more, or can't grasp the main meaning of the topic. Students must be patient and read the question at least three times. The application question is actually an explanatory article, with general words and a large amount of information. This requires a quick browse for the first time to understand the general idea of the topic: what the topic describes, and see if the topic is familiar with the type of question you have seen before, and what type of question it is (function question, inequality question, probability question, etc.). ). The second time, read carefully and grasp the key words. Key words and important sentences in a topic are often important information, and distinguishing them is the starting point for realizing comprehensive cognition. The third time, check the information obtained to see if there is any omission in the information obtained by yourself. Secondly, strengthen students' information organization ability and understanding ability. Students should know what the conditions are, what to solve and what basic concepts are involved. At the same time, students are required to combine their hands and brains, write while reading, and draw corresponding schematic diagrams to avoid missing information. By understanding and dredging the characters of application problems, the collected data are sorted out, and the fragmentary mathematical knowledge is systematized and scientific, forming a holistic thinking, thus providing theoretical basis for analyzing and solving application problems. Mathematics test questions have many words and long narratives, and words, symbols and graphic languages are intertwined. Therefore, understanding is very important. Only by removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, and distinguishing the primary and secondary, can the problem solver answer correctly. Seven, a good operation. After establishing the mathematical model, we should consider the choice of operation methods. There are many different solutions to many application problems. Although everyone can get the correct answer, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are different, and the time and energy consumed are also very different. So it is also the ability for students to quickly distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of operation methods. Accurately understanding the meaning of operation and correctly mastering the rules and formulas of operation are the basis of correct operation and the basis of forming operational ability. There are many operations, formulas and rules in middle school mathematics, and some students often remember them incorrectly or confuse them. There is a lack of necessary thinking about the deformed forms of many operation formulas and their application from different angles, which affects the formation of correct operation and skilled operation skills. If it is the general requirement to carry out correct and orderly operation according to the concept, formula and law of operation, then understanding operation, strengthening the consciousness of seeking simplicity and developing operation skills are the requirements to cultivate higher-level operation ability, and we should start from a small place. Eight, strict writing requirements, complete expression of the problem-solving process. First, step writing should be standardized. Solutions, certificates, text descriptions, formulas, calculation results, units of measurement, answers, etc. Should be written in strict accordance with the requirements, clear and clear. Second, symbol writing should be standardized. The writing of operational symbols, relational symbols, algebraic symbols, geometric symbols and triangular symbols must be standardized, clear and accurate. Third, writing should be standardized. In the process of solving problems and answering questions, it is necessary to write neatly, draw correctly and use punctuation properly in order to fully express the problem-solving process. Mathematical application problems are different from general mathematical problems. The purpose of setting them is to solve practical problems, and the answers must be expressed in mathematical language. Many students lost points in the last link. Attention should be paid to language norms in this link, which is the guarantee for the correct use of mathematical language. In addition, the unit is not unified; When setting elements, omit unknown units; This inspection did not check; Finally, forgetting to answer is also a common problem. Teachers should try their best to put an end to these problems. In short, the teaching of application problems can not be ignored. According to the characteristics of subject teaching, mathematics teachers should attach great importance to it ideologically, arrange it carefully in action, implement it conscientiously, optimize the teaching of applied problems, and always focus on improving students' application consciousness and ability, so that students' quality can be significantly improved in the teaching of applied problems. Only in this way can we cultivate a group of talents who can really meet the needs of the future society.