The unfinished work Dialectics of Nature by German philosopher friedrich engels is a summary of Engels' years of natural science research. This paper summarizes the main achievements of natural science in the middle of19th century with dialectical materialism, and criticizes metaphysics and idealism in natural science. After Engels died, he published one of his papers "The Role of Labor in the Transformation from Ape to Man" in 1896, and another paper "Natural Science in God's World" in 1898. It was not until 1925 that the full text was published in the German and Russian translations of Marx and Engels Library published by the former Soviet Union.

Dialectics of nature is the embodiment of natural view and natural science view in Marx and Engels' thought. It embodies the unity of Marxist philosophy and Engels' world outlook, epistemology and methodology, and is an integral part of Marxist philosophy. Engels' Dialogue with Nature opened up a research field. The development of natural science and technology reveals more and more dialectics of nature, and the research on these two aspects is closely related and inseparable.