Lecture Notes on Market Allocation of Resources 1 First, talk about the teaching content.
1, the position of this box in the textbook knowledge system
The fourth unit "Facing the market economy" aims to train socialist builders. High school students are the main force of socialist modernization in the future, the main body of future market economic activities, and shoulder the heavy responsibility of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Therefore, this unit first (lesson 10) guides students to understand the socialist market economy. Knowing the operating characteristics of the market economy is the premise of correctly understanding the socialist market economy, so this box focuses on introducing the general theory of the market economy, so that students can have a macro preliminary understanding of the operating law of the market economy. A good understanding of this box will help students to further understand the basic characteristics of the socialist market economy and correctly understand a series of problems in the development of the socialist market economy.
2, the basic requirements of the new curriculum standards
Explain that the market is the basis for allocating resources, and analyze the importance of regulating market order by law and ethics.
3, the establishment and basis of teaching objectives
(1) Knowledge objective:
According to the new curriculum standards and teaching materials, as well as the cognitive level of senior one students, the established knowledge objectives are ① to memorize the basic meaning of market economy, the expression forms of market rules and the basic connotation of social credit system. ② Understand the necessity of rational allocation of resources, the ways and advantages of market allocation of resources, the necessity and methods of standardizing market order and establishing social credit system, and the deficiency of market supervision. (3) Preliminary application of knowledge, combined with examples in economic life to understand the advantages and disadvantages of market allocation of resources.
(2) Ability objectives:
According to the immaturity of observation, thinking, analysis and judgment of senior one students, combined with the requirements of ideological education, the goal of ability is to cultivate the ability to understand the fundamental essence of things, to see problems from a dialectical point of view, to integrate theory with practice and to comprehensively analyze problems with examples.
(3) Emotion, attitude and values:
In view of the fact that ideological and political lessons are the main channel of moral education and some problems existing in students' ideological values, the objectives of establishing emotional attitudes and values are as follows: ① to clearly understand the limitation of resources, to establish the concept of rational use of resources and not wasting resources, and to develop good habits of thrift. (2) The market allocation of resources is realized in competition, and the key to winning in competition lies in scientific and technological progress, so we must aim high, study hard and improve our quality in order to make a difference in future market competition. ③ Consciously maintain market order, abide by market rules, and establish the concept of learning, understanding and abiding by the law. ④ Cultivate the habit of honesty and trustworthiness.
4. Key points, difficulties and basis for establishment
The teaching emphasis of this box is: ① How to allocate resources in the market; (2) Advantages of market allocation of resources; ③ The necessity of standardizing the market order; ④ The necessity of establishing social credit system.
Foundation: How does the market play a fundamental role in resource allocation? This is the theoretical basis for understanding the market economy, and learning this knowledge well will help to understand how the market economy works. At the same time, only by understanding the advantages of market allocation of resources can we better understand why China should develop a socialist market economy. The role of market regulation must be carried out under a certain market order, and a good social credit system needs to be established to regulate the market order. So these aspects have become the focus of this class.
The teaching difficulties of this box are:
How the market allocates resources and its advantages.
Foundation: How the market allocates resources and the advantages of market allocation are theoretical issues about market economy. Senior one students lack knowledge and rational thinking ability, which is difficult to understand. Therefore, this problem has become a difficult point in this class.
Second, talk about teaching principles and methods.
According to the nature of the ideological and political course and the teaching content of this box, starting from the physiological characteristics and cognitive rules of senior one students, the following teaching principles and methods are adopted in the teaching of this box:
1, teaching principle. The principle of integrating theory with practice. That is to say, when organizing classroom teaching and implementing teaching content, we can closely combine and contact some specific phenomena of market economy activities in China's current real economic life, thus deepening students' understanding and application of textbook knowledge.
2. Teaching methods. ① There are some basic theoretical problems in the teaching content of this course, such as how to allocate resources in the market and the advantages of market allocation of resources. It is suitable to give full play to the leading role of teachers, give timely instruction and break through key and difficult points. ② For some realistic social hot issues, such as standardizing market order and establishing social credit system, the teaching mode of "autonomy-cooperation-inquiry" should be adopted to fully mobilize students' initiative and enthusiasm. (3) In addition, the textbook follows the logical order of "asking questions-analyzing problems-solving problems-drawing conclusions" when telling each knowledge point. Therefore, in teaching, combining this characteristic of teaching materials, combining situational materials with problem inquiry, and cultivating students' ability to think and solve problems.
Third, the guidance of speaking and learning methods.
1, autonomous learning. By guiding students to read, discuss and understand, students' main role can be brought into play, so that students can change from passive acceptance of knowledge to active participation in classroom teaching and cultivate their autonomy in learning.
2. Inquiry-cooperative learning. Combining the logical order of teaching materials, creating a good learning atmosphere through related cartoon pictures and situational materials can stimulate students' enthusiasm for inquiry and cultivate their ability to analyze problems. In the process of inquiry, guide students to discuss key and difficult problems, and promote students' cooperation and cooperation in learning. Finally, arrange small topics for students to explore after class and complete their homework in the form of weekly notes and small papers.
Fourth, talk about teaching methods.
Strengthen the integration of modern educational technology and ideological and political course teaching, and make full use of network resources to organize teaching flexibly. By making network courseware, the illustrated network resources are combined with teaching content to create a novel, harmonious and pleasant learning atmosphere for students, stimulate students' interest in learning, broaden their horizons, improve classroom teaching efficiency, help students understand the key and difficult points of teaching, expand their thinking and enhance their ability.
Fifth, talk about the teaching process.
1, new lesson import
Browse the scene material "a word' shortage'?" To help students understand the problems of electricity, coal and oil shortage in China's current economic development. After a brief discussion, it is not difficult for students to draw a conclusion: the construction of market economy is facing the problem of resource shortage, and the resources in the market should be optimized to make rational use of limited resources and meet various needs as much as possible.
Design Intention: When introducing the problems of electricity shortage, coal shortage and oil shortage in China, the materials are deliberately combined with the oil shortage in Guangdong this year, so that students can clearly understand the limitation of resources, suggesting that students should establish the concept of rational use of resources and not wasting resources. It is precisely because of the relatively limited resources that it is necessary to allocate resources and naturally transition to the first aspect of teaching.
2. New teaching
According to the logical structure of the textbook, the content of this course includes three aspects: first, market supervision; The second is market order; Third, the limitations of market regulation.
(1) Market adjustment. The logical sequence of teaching materials is: the diversity of human needs-the finiteness of resources-the rational allocation of resources-the basic means of resource allocation-the way of market allocation of resources-the advantages of market allocation of resources. The focus of this purpose is to let students know how market regulation plays the role of resource allocation and the advantages of market allocation of resources.
On the basis of introducing the new curriculum, this paper further expounds the necessity of rational allocation of resources by combining the cartoons in the teaching materials. So how to allocate resources? This leads to "the basic means of resource allocation". Combining the two situations of talent flow in China, namely "a river flows eastward" and "the spring breeze on the battlements of Yumenguan", this paper guides students to analyze the difference between market regulation and planned regulation, and compares the two modes of regulation, so that students can deeply understand the advantages of market regulation. Then further explain how the market allocates resources. Combined with the phenomenon of "one river flows eastward" in the talent market, the process of guiding students to analyze resource allocation is generally from the place where supply exceeds demand to the area where supply exceeds demand. The distribution of resources is not evenly distributed, but obtained through competition. High-quality resources are bound to be concentrated in areas with good management and high efficiency, so as to realize the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the market's allocation of resources is achieved through price, supply and demand, competition and so on. In the teaching process, on the one hand, it reminds students to review what they have learned, on the other hand, it guides students to understand that the process of market allocation of resources is actually the process in which the law of value plays a role.
Design intention: ① This purpose tells the general theory of market economy, taking into account the abstraction and strong logic of the content, paying attention to giving full play to the leading role of teachers, giving appropriate lectures and timely guidance, and inspiring students to deepen step by step. In view of students' cognitive level and understanding ability, we should combine theoretical viewpoints with familiar topics and learned knowledge in teaching, which not only connects with practice, but also brings forth new ideas, focusing on stimulating students' thinking.
(2) Market order. The logical order of the textbook is: the rational allocation of resources can not be separated from a fair and just market order-a good market order depends on market rules to maintain-how to standardize the market order. The focus of this purpose is to make students understand that a well-ordered market economy can realize the effective allocation of resources, so as to make students understand the importance of strengthening market rules and credit construction.
First, browse three cartoons, and enlighten the market allocation of student resources under certain rules. Without necessary constraints, the market order will be chaotic and resources will not be rationally allocated. Then guide students to further analyze the intention of cartoons, and draw market access rules, market competition rules and market trading rules, and let students read development materials to understand the meaning of various market rules. Based on the analysis of cartoons and reading materials, it is concluded through discussion that to standardize market order, a social credit system supported by morality and guaranteed by law must be established. Finally, it summarizes and extends the content of this topic: the market economy is a legal economy, and it is necessary to learn, understand, abide by and use the law. Market economy is a credit economy, and we must establish a good fashion of honesty.
Design intention: ① This purpose focuses on knowledge perception and emotional experience. Comics can intuitively express the content of teaching materials and let students sing. Hierarchical analysis of cartoons is conducive to cultivating students' thinking ability and obtaining correct values. ② On the basis of expanding reading, arouse students' initiative through classroom discussion and strengthen students' experience of knowledge content.
(3) the limitations of market regulation. Market regulation is not omnipotent, but limited. This is the content to be analyzed for this purpose. Mainly from two angles: first, the market can not adjust the field; Second, the market can adjust the field, but it is difficult to play an effective role because of the existence of "spontaneity, blindness and lag".
To illustrate the limitations of market regulation, let's assume a scenario: a fire broke out in two places with different distances from the fire department, and both parties called 1 19 to call the police. Only one fire truck can be dispatched now. What will happen if the fire department bargains with the affected party? After a simple discussion, students can realize that market regulation is not omnipotent, and in some fields, the market cannot play a regulatory role. It further shows that even in the field where the market can play a role, there are inherent shortcomings such as spontaneity, blindness and lag. Next, let the students read the relevant materials according to the prompts, summarize the performance and consequences of spontaneity, blindness and lag, and communicate in class. Summarize the students' speeches and explain that only market regulation can have consequences.
Design intention: ① To deepen the understanding of the limitations of market regulation by creating scenarios. (2) Through the independent exploration of relevant materials, students can find problems actively and actively, which is conducive to cultivating students' ability to understand and analyze economic phenomena. (3) All relevant materials are illustrated with pictures and texts. Evaluating materials with textbook knowledge not only enriches students' learning content, but also expands students' thinking space, providing students with a new way of learning.
3. Experience and explore.
In order to strengthen students' understanding of the ways and advantages of market allocation of resources and improve their ability to analyze problems by using book knowledge, combining the requirements of the new curriculum standard and the reality of this course, select a document and a picture entitled "The Way of Management", so that students can explore the way of enterprise management from the perspective of an enterprise manager and write a small paper. This small topic is not only related to the content of this lesson, but also closely related to Unit 2 of Lesson 5 "Enterprise Management and Development", which can combine old and new knowledge well.
4. Summarize
Through combing the knowledge system of this lesson, let students realize that market regulation is an effective way to allocate resources, but the market is not omnipotent; To play its role effectively, the market must have a fair and just market order, and not any market economy can realize the rational allocation of resources. Guide students to look at problems dialectically and comprehensively. So how to overcome the limitations of market regulation and give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation? It is necessary to strengthen macro-control and let students enter the next class with questions.
5. Feedback exercises
Around the key points and difficulties in this box, design some questions that can reflect the characteristics of students' thinking, and train students' ability to analyze and solve problems, so as to implement the educational and teaching objectives of this course.
Sixth, talk about teaching reflection.
1, this course makes use of rich network resources, which greatly expands students' horizons and learning space, creates a pleasant learning atmosphere for students, fully embodies the teaching concept and learning strategy of "autonomy-cooperation-inquiry" advocated by the new curriculum, stimulates students' initiative to participate in the classroom, gives full play to students' main role, helps students master the teaching priorities and difficulties, promotes students' leap-forward development in learning, and improves classroom teaching efficiency.
2. The teaching content involves the general theory of market economy. Because the knowledge is very logical and abstract, and the whole teaching content is relatively large, the classroom seems to focus on the leading role of teachers, and some links can not be put down, and there is no thorough teaching around students. In the future teaching, we need to explore how to effectively combine the leading role of teachers with the main role of students, and fully embody the basic spirit of the new curriculum.
Lecture Notes on "Market Allocation of Resources" 2 I. Textbooks
1. The position of this box in the textbook.
This box is located in the first box in Unit 4, Lesson 9 of Economic Life. This unit guides students to understand the socialist market economy. Learning this box well will help students to further understand the basic characteristics of the socialist market economy and correctly understand a series of problems in the development of the socialist market economy.
2. Teaching requirements
Basic requirements:
1. Know the basic means of rational allocation of resources and the meaning of market economy.
2. Grasp the advantages and functions of the market in resource allocation.
3. Understand the importance of market rules to maintain market order.
4. Understand the limitations and consequences of market supervision.
Development requirements: The importance of regulating the market order by law and ethics is analyzed by empirical analysis.
3. Key points and difficulties
Focus: the way the market allocates resources, advantages and disadvantages.
Basis: This is the theoretical basis for understanding the market economy. Learning this knowledge well will help us to understand how the market economy works and why China should develop a socialist market economy.
Difficulties: how to allocate resources and the necessity of establishing a social credit system.
Foundation: How to configure it should be related to the previous knowledge. Students have little contact with the content of the social credit system, and some of them are difficult to understand.
Secondly, talk about the teaching process.
1. Introduce a new lesson
This lesson begins with Xiao Wang's purchase of household appliances. Limited funds and unlimited demand constitute a pair of contradictions, which leads to various and endless needs. However, in a certain period and scope, the resources that society can use are always limited. To meet the unlimited demand with limited resources, it is necessary to realize the optimal allocation of resources. Students should be familiar with such problems, so they don't need much time.
Teach new courses
Taking the purchase of goods with food stamps and meat stamps in the planned economy era as an example, it shows that resources were limited at that time, and resources were adjusted by planned means. Now we are implementing a socialist market economy, and the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation, and two basic means of resource allocation have been obtained.
On the basis of introducing new courses, how to allocate resources? Taking Xiao Wang's purchase of an LCD TV as an example, this paper draws out the information and makes the first inquiry:
(1) According to the materials, how does the market allocate resources? (2) What are the advantages of market allocation of resources?
Then ask students to analyze how resources are allocated according to materials and books.
The teacher himself wrote down the influence of supply and demand changes and price changes on the blackboard by guiding students: demand exceeds supply-price rises-production expands-demand exceeds supply-price falls-production shrinks. When production expands, it means the inflow of resources, and when production shrinks, it means the outflow of resources, thus realizing the optimal allocation of resources. Price also fluctuates around value, which essentially reflects the result of the law of value. Therefore, it is concluded that it is mainly regulated by the market through price fluctuations and changes in the relationship between supply and demand. Then through this analysis, students can also find the advantages of market regulation in this process. According to the students' personal experience, great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years since the implementation of market economy in reform and opening up. Our GDP keeps growing at a high speed every year, and our life is getting richer and richer. These are the benefits brought to us by market regulation. Use Wang Mai's household appliances and ask your classmates for help. Students usually say online shopping. Indeed, teachers can once again prove the advantages of market regulation through the example of online shopping, because online shopping is also regulated by the market.
Starting from the advantages of the market, through the transition, everything has two sides, and the market regulation is imperfect, and the limitations of market regulation are obtained. This knowledge point, through students' autonomous learning, guides students to read and think, embodies students' main role, makes students actively participate in classroom teaching instead of passively accepting knowledge, cultivates students' autonomy in learning, and also embodies the diversification of teaching methods. Then test the students' grades through several judgment questions. At the same time, some teachers concluded that market regulation is not omnipotent, and market regulation also has disadvantages. Finally, through a reflection: some people think that the market economy should let the market regulate, and the government should not control it! Let students think about the consequences of the limitations of market regulation and deeply realize that government management is still needed when necessary.
Or use Wang Mai's home appliances. Just now, a classmate suggested to Xiao Wang Jian to go online, and then used an online event "JD. COM provoked the price war of e-commerce "2065438+the second inquiry in August 2002. Let the students deeply understand the importance of market order from the emotional attitude and values, and explain that only with a fair and just market order can the market rationally allocate resources. How to establish a good market order through independent inquiry? Organizing students' cooperative discussion and giving full play to the collective strength are conducive to cultivating students' ability to understand and analyze economic phenomena. Finally, the teachers summed up how to establish a good market order. In the summary of Building a Good Market Order, the knowledge points of market rules are specifically divided into market access rules, market competition rules and market trading rules. In teaching guidance, it is unnecessary to master the specific content of market rules, so it is needless to say. However, we still need to understand the importance of honesty and how to build a social system. To sum up, the most important thing to maintain a good market order is four words, law and morality.
3. Summary
Through the above exploration and study, students can feel that the market economy is a big stage, with both advantages and disadvantages. How can we better improve and adapt to this "big stage"? In this lesson, we mainly rely on law and morality, but this is not enough. Only by combining the invisible hand of market regulation with the visible hand can the socialist market economy develop better. It is pointed out that the next class relearning under macro-control reflects the continuity of the course. Finally, let me talk about Xiao Wang. Online shopping depends on the credit of the merchant. I believe he can buy his favorite LCD TV online, so that Xiao Wang's case can run through this lesson and reflect his knowledge of life. Finally, the knowledge framework is given.
4. Classroom development and promotion
Prepare the materials of "Poison Capsule Incident" and see if they can be used.
Speech 3 of "Market Allocation of Resources" Dear experts and teachers,
Hello everyone! As I said today, the topic of the class is "market allocation of resources", a round of review class for senior three. I will elaborate from six aspects: teaching material analysis, teaching method analysis, learning method analysis, teaching process, blackboard writing design and teaching reflection.
I. teaching material analysis
(A) the status and role of teaching materials
This box focuses on the general theory of market economy. Learning this box well will help students to further understand the basic characteristics of the socialist market economy and correctly understand a series of problems in the development of the socialist market economy.
(B) Teaching objectives
① Knowledge goal: lay a solid foundation and build a system. Accurately grasp the advantages and limitations of market allocation of resources, and understand and understand the necessity and measures to standardize market order.
② Ability goal: Improve students' cooperative ability, inquiry ability, critical thinking ability and innovation ability through independent preview, intensive lectures in class, real practice and exploration.
③ Emotion, attitude and values: establish the consciousness of fairness, honesty, competition and efficiency through learning.
(3) Teaching emphases and difficulties
According to the requirements of the Examination Outline, I have established the key and difficult points of this course:
Key points: the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation;
Limitations of market supervision;
Significance and measures of standardizing market order;
Difficulties: the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation;
Significance and measures of standardizing market order.
Second, the analysis of teaching methods
According to the nature of the political lesson and the content of this box, starting from the knowledge reserve and cognitive law of senior three students, I adopt the following methods:
(1) study plan guidance method: strengthen exploration and cooperation, and improve learning ability through active participation.
(2) cooperative inquiry method: set relevant questions, organize students to discuss collectively and in groups, and urge students to solve problems in their studies.
(3) Situational experience method: create corresponding situations, guide students to conduct extensive discussions, and then independently summarize according to what they have learned to build a knowledge system.
Third, the analysis of learning methods
Senior three students are in the critical period of preparing for the college entrance examination, so we should pay special attention to the guidance of students' learning methods and problem-solving skills. The learning method I use is:
(A) Inquiry cooperative learning: stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and inquiry, and cultivate students' ability to analyze problems.
(2) Inductive and deductive method: By guiding students to analyze and summarize various perceptual materials, they can form a certain rational understanding and improve students' abstract thinking ability.
Fourth, the teaching process
(A) creating situations and introducing new courses.
Combined with the present situation of heating in Changchun, let students know that resources are limited and people's needs are infinite. It is necessary to optimize the allocation of resources in the market, make rational use of limited resources and meet various needs as much as possible.
(2) teaching new courses
The content of this lesson includes two links: concentrated teaching and practice. These two links are aimed at cultivating students' ability to acquire and interpret information, mobilize and apply knowledge, describe and explain things, demonstrate and explore questions, and improve their answering skills.
Classroom intensive lectures include five parts: orientation of college entrance examination, exploration and enjoyment, key breakthrough, warning of misunderstanding and classroom summary.
1, college entrance examination orientation: make clear the requirements of this course in the college entrance examination and make the review more targeted.
2. Explore * * * enjoyment: Through the video of ginger price change, illustrate the mechanism and advantages of market resource allocation with charts.
3. Key Breakthrough: By designing tables and displaying pictures, let students compare and analyze the necessity and measures of standardizing market order, understand the contents of market rules, and master the reasons and measures for establishing social credit system. From establishing a social credit system to establishing a social credit system, here is an extended explanation: how to establish a social credit system? Guide students to think from three angles: country, enterprise and consumer.
4. Misunderstanding warning: Help students to correct the prone error tendency and improve the review effect.
5. Class summary: Guiding students to summarize the main knowledge of this lesson is to establish a systematic knowledge system for students.
6. Exercise promotion: including real exercise, cooperative inquiry, skill guidance and analogy.
(1) True question: * * * Two small questions. The first one: Question 13 in the national volume of the 20xx new curriculum standard, which teaches the problem-solving methods of causal multiple-choice questions and teaches students to skillfully use the exclusion method to solve multiple-choice questions. The second course: 20xx Tianjin Volume, teaching the problem-solving methods of comic multiple-choice questions.
(2) Cooperative inquiry: Combining the online shopping phenomenon around students, setting questions from the perspective of market allocation of resources, allowing students to analyze the causes and solutions of online shopping traps is a commonly used examination method in the college entrance examination. On the basis of students' fully expounding their own views, teachers give guidance in thinking and skills, so that students can master the method of solving subjective problems by disciplinary dispersion.
(3) By analogy, let students design questions and give answers from the micro (social credit system) and macro (economic, political, cultural and philosophical) perspectives. This is the homework of this course, which aims to deepen students' understanding of this course knowledge and college entrance examination through the way of students' propositions.
Five, the blackboard design
Market advantage collocation
First, the way of market regulation.
limit
Importance of resources
Second, market order.
Market rules
How to standardize
Social credit system
Sixth, teaching reflection.
(1) This course creates a pleasant learning atmosphere for students, fully embodies the teaching concept and learning strategy of "autonomy-cooperation-inquiry" advocated by the new curriculum, and stimulates students' initiative to participate in the classroom.
(2) The teaching content involves the general theory of market economy. Because knowledge is very logical and abstract, the whole teaching content is relatively large, and a lot of content seems to revolve around the leading role of teachers, some links can not be put down, and time is tight. The treatment of teaching content and the change of teaching methods need to be strengthened.
In short: in this class, I build a platform for students, implement basic knowledge, exercise students' ability to analyze and solve problems, give full play to students' main role, implement the test center of college entrance examination, cultivate students' ability, improve students' answering skills and improve classroom teaching efficiency.
The above is the content of my lecture, please criticize and correct me!