The origin of hand diagnosis can be traced back to ancient times more than 3000 years ago. Through long-term observation of hand lines, people found the regular changes of diseases and lines. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has accumulated rich experience in disease diagnosis through the continuous practice, enrichment and development of doctors in past dynasties. Fingerprint diagnosis is also one of the branches.

According to Wang Chao's Water Mirror in Tang Dynasty, the condition of children was inferred by observing the color and morphological changes of superficial veins on the inner surface of index finger. In the Ming Dynasty, the finger fingerprint diagnosis method for children was gradually put forward by doctors and widely used. In the Qing Dynasty, some medical scientists actively explored and studied the observation and hand diagnosis, eliminating the false and retaining the true, and successively compiled the Manual of Hand Diagnosis for Qing Taiyi Doctors, the Law of External Treatment, the Four Diagnostic Strategies, and Observing the Classics. , collected the methods of hand diagnosis in past dynasties. An Introduction to Massage for Children in Qing Dynasty described in detail the method of diagnosing diseases by palm. Hand diagnosis has become a part of clinical auxiliary diagnosis in China.

nation

Hand diagnosis is also a common method of ethnic medical diagnosis in China. The Tibetan, Mongolian, Uygur, Dai, Yi, Korean, Kazak, Yao, Zhuang, Miao and Hui medical systems all have systematic hand consultation contents. For example, Yao doctors believe that the five fingers of the hand pass through the five internal organs, each finger belongs to a viscera, the thumb belongs to the spleen and stomach, the index finger belongs to the lung and large intestine, the middle finger belongs to the heart and small intestine, the ring finger belongs to the liver and gallbladder, and the little finger belongs to the kidney and bladder. In Tibetan medicine, hand diagnosis and urine diagnosis have become the core diagnostic methods.

the west

Hand diagnosis has a long history not only in China, but also in the world. Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, once wrote The Palms of Aristotle, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations. /kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, Dr. Crewe began to pay attention to fingerprint research; 1823, Po Jinjie published a paper on fingerprint. Soon, fingerprints became an important means in the field of detective. In 1970s, American scholar's book Dermatology and Disease described the relationship between palmprint and disease in detail.

Soon, fingerprints became an important means in the field of detective. The formal application of hand diagnosis in medical diagnosis is the research progress brought by the reform and opening up in recent 30 years. Among them, there are many experts and scholars with good calligraphy in China. They have been working hard for the study of handprints, and their spirit is commendable. The concept of hand diagnosis is that professionals infer the evolution of human organs through the patterns, changes and laws of human hands.

traditional Chinese medicine

The theory of traditional Chinese medicine is "Yin and Pingyang are the secret, and God is the rule"; "Yin and Yang are separated and refined"; "Those who are good at diagnosis, look at the color and pulse, don't be yin and yang first, make up for their shortcomings, and drain their surplus." Restoring the relative balance of yin and yang is the basic principle of treatment. "evil combination leads to qi deficiency"; "Righteousness exists inside, and evil cannot be done." Evil is disease, it is resistance, and the separation of yin and yang is violence and death. According to the comprehensive analysis of hand diagnosis, tongue diagnosis, nail diagnosis and pulse diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment vary from disease to disease, from person to person and from natural conditions. According to the relationship between monarch, minister, assistant and envoy, TCM regulates the body with four qi (cold, hot, warm and cool) and five flavors (pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty). Like meridian diagnosis, acupoint diagnosis, time diagnosis and temperament diagnosis, it is an important part of the law of medical diagnosis. Although it has not been published in general diagnostic monographs, it has not been popularized in clinic. Through the efforts of medical, physiological, psychological and other scholars, this potential experience after thousands of years has gradually turned into an obvious science.

Tung Chee-hwa, a famous contemporary Chinese medicine practitioner, said: "Diagnosis is the first priority if the clinic is poor. In the diagnosis method, looking and asking are very important. Throughout the ages, famous doctors have mastered these four methods. But in addition to the four diagnoses, there are also five qi and six movements that can be recorded, and the Yijing gossip can be performed, and various methods are refined but not refined. The sages made up with Sun Simiao, sighed and said, "If he is good at this, he will be a great doctor. "

From 65438 to 0956, China formulated the ten-fingerprint analysis method and applied it to clinical and judicial systems. After 1966, some hospitals in China used the characteristics of hand prints and footprints to identify infants and applied dermatoglyphics to clinic.

Later, many famous palmprint medical experts appeared, and some monographs on palmprint medicine were published one after another. "I know it from the outside." "If you look outside and know its internal organs, you will know what is wrong." "If there is something inside, it must be outside." "People with hot palms have hot intestines, while those with cold palms have cold intestines." "Palm information closes the whole body." These understandings are one of the important methods to diagnose diseases in ancient medicine. It is the basic judgment of holographic theory that all things are similar in part to the whole. The Analects of Confucius also said that "people are too lazy", which means that people's mental health must be manifested externally. Kant, a famous German philosopher, pointed out that "the hand is man's external mind". People, with the five internal organs as the center, communicate the exterior and interior through the six internal organs and meridians, and run qi and blood to form an organic whole. "ten fingers are connected." Modern anatomy proves that the hand nerve directly affects the brain. When the organ is diseased, it is transmitted from autonomic nerve to brain, and then the change is displayed on the hand through medullary nerve.

Hand diagnosis is an advanced subject of traditional Chinese medicine, which is equivalent to palmprint diagnosis and palmprint medicine. In the long-term research, it is found that palmprint, hand shape, color pattern, dermatoglyphic pattern and nail are equally important and indispensable in the medical research on the correlation between palm and health. So "hand diagnosis" should be called "palm diagnostics" or "palm medicine" or "palm diagnostics" at the current research stage.

Palm is a barometer of health.

The palm is a barometer of a person's health, and most diseases will be manifested in the hand. It can be said that all the internal organs are vividly in the "hand". For example, middle-aged people have brown plaques on the back of their hands, indicating that there are problems with the gallbladder, such as cholecystitis; If a woman has an obvious triangle symbol at the end of her lifeline, it means that she has a history of dysmenorrhea; If there are many germ lines on a person's lifeline palm, it means that this person is in poor health and is prone to catching a cold; If there is a vertical island pattern at the top or end of a person's fate line, it is most likely gastroptosis; If a person's sun line is disturbed into a "well" shape by the interference line, it means that this person's blood pressure is low.

The biggest difference between humans and animals is that humans have an intelligent brain and a pair of working hands. Hand is a tool for human beings to transform nature. The hand is transformed by the five elements and is the end of the five internal organs. The theory of transporting soil into water to stop diarrhea and transporting water into soil to nourish spleen is based on the theory of five elements. Hand is the spirit of heaven and earth, which embodies the nature of heaven and earth. There is an old saying: "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first."

The relationship between hand image (finger image and palm image) and five internal organs.

Diagnostic principle editor

The principle of hand diagnosis. The organs of the human body are a whole system. Any bad pressure and damage to organs will be transmitted to the skin surface through minerals and other substances, and the skin will be pulled to form a concave and convex shape. After long-term observation, accumulation and comparison, people choose the phenomenon with high probability as the diagnostic standard. For example, a hand that has never been connected suddenly finds a line, indicating that there is bad interference in that place.

Integration of hand diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine

Look at the integrated map of hand diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine

The origin of primitive hand diagnosis was earlier than that of traditional Chinese medicine, and the vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicine laid a theoretical foundation for the development of hand diagnosis. The development of hand diagnosis is considered as the extension and progress of traditional Chinese medicine. To some extent, hand diagnosis has promoted the popularization and development of Chinese medicine.

The academic theoretical basis and methods of traditional Chinese medicine are the important theoretical basis for the development of hand diagnosis medicine. To learn hand diagnosis medicine, you must have some basic knowledge of Chinese medicine in order to understand the ins and outs of hand diagnosis. From the historical research, it is found that the origin of hand diagnosis is earlier than that of traditional Chinese medicine, but at that time, people were limited by conditions and did not organize it systematically; Later, with the development of traditional Chinese medicine, hand diagnosis medicine has also made progress, and the accumulation of experience is increasing day by day. At the same time, palmistry flourished, and as a result, the two were often confused. The artificial diagnosis of diseases is covered with a mysterious veil. In modern times, with the stability of society and the development of science and technology, more and more people have participated in the research of hand diagnosis medicine. Modern hand diagnosis research and a large number of clinical facts have actually promoted the academic development of TCM diagnosis and guided the sustainable development of TCM health care industry. Especially in the popularization of Chinese medicine, the contribution is contemporary and beneficial to the future.

First, the origin of hand diagnosis is earlier than that of traditional Chinese medicine.

In the primitive age of human ignorance, because human beings are full of hardships and puzzles, danger and hunger always threaten human survival and development, and human beings have to make use of one of the most obvious differences with animals-hands to constantly fight against nature and maintain and develop their own lives. At this time, human beings have instinctively realized the importance of hand in life. It can be said that if primitive people had no hands, even in modern times, human beings would never be different from quadrupeds. In primitive society, under helpless natural conditions, human beings symbolically made various actions with their hands to pray for and protect their own and human lives. Primitive hand culture, such as primitive dance, sign language and gestures, is produced through the different laws of opponents' movements and close contact with natural substances. In this process, human beings have gradually accumulated their understanding and knowledge of their opponents, which may be the most primitive, instinctive, humanized and basic hand diagnosis.

At that time, there was no infiltration of the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements Zang-fu, no appearance of primitive totem worship culture, no birth of magical witches, and no homologous phenomenon of medical witch culture. In fact, human beings pay more attention to the summary of the regular phenomena closely related to human life, which is also an important reason why palmistry has been realized in people's minds for a long time and known throughout the ages. But ignore that positive effects of hand on human health.

Since humans began to have the same medical and witchcraft culture, hands have more or less infiltrated the ideas of the Book of Changes, theology, Yin and Yang and the Five Elements, but unfortunately, at that time, humans did not realize the positive role of hands in promoting health. On the contrary, it is combined with physiognomy, Yijing and even theology, becoming more and more mature and becoming a palm reading. Witchcraft and physiognomy always predate the birth of medical culture, whether in the East or in the West. Therefore, some early thoughts and cognitive methodology of hand diagnosis are obviously earlier than the development of traditional Chinese medicine. In fact, hand diagnosis and traditional Chinese medicine are both empirical medicine and humanistic medicine.

Second, Chinese medicine has laid a theoretical foundation for the development of hand diagnosis.

The development and perfection of TCM theory has laid a theoretical foundation for the formation of hand diagnosis. The early division of the Book of Changes and the Eight Diagrams in the palm, as well as the coordination of heaven, earth and human beings on the main line, have all started to be closely related to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, such as: Xunqu belongs to wood, Yin and Yang belong to yang, and viscera correspondingly belong to liver and gallbladder, and heaven tattoo (emotional line) dominates qi, human tattoo (wisdom line) is the main god, and ground tattoo (lifeline) dominates essence, so essence constitutes an important element of human life. Can be perfectly reflected in the palm of your hand. The so-called spirit here is equivalent to the substance of modern theory, qi is equivalent to energy, and God is equivalent to information. In other words, through the combination of the main line and position, we can vividly reproduce the law of the transmission and transformation of human material and energy information, that is, the law of spiritual change. Since we know that the essence of Chinese medicine can be perfectly embodied in hand diagnosis, there is no doubt that Chinese medicine can diagnose diseases and prevent health care. Because Chinese medicine has survived for thousands of years and solved the problem of human survival for thousands of years, the diagnosis of hand diagnosis is beyond doubt.

The meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine has laid a certain foundation for the development of holographic medicine. It can be said that without meridians, there is no holography. The theory of Tibetan image in traditional Chinese medicine laid a theoretical foundation for hand diagnosis. It can be said that without the theory of hidden images, a Chinese medicine practitioner who wants to say in his palm that a certain area belongs to a certain viscera is dreaming. In fact, the theory of inspection in traditional Chinese medicine has established and standardized the basic diagnostic principles and methods of hand diagnosis. In particular, Chinese medicine is an inseparable theoretical guiding principle in hand diagnosis.

In terms of yin and yang and five elements, under the guidance of syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and the overall concept, five colors and five elements can be accurately diagnosed. It can be said that without the existence of Chinese medicine, there would be no development of hand diagnosis medicine in China today.

Third, hand diagnosis can be regarded as the development of Chinese medicine inspection.

Looking, listening and asking are advocated in TCM diagnosis, among which looking is the most important. Huangdi Neijing says, "Knowing by looking is the spirit", which shows that the important position of inspection in TCM diagnosis has surpassed the method of "listening, asking and cutting" to some extent. Due to the historical, social and academic development, the inspection of traditional Chinese medicine has been stagnant, especially the academic works on hand diagnosis are rare. However, most people in the field of Chinese medicine don't know about hand diagnosis, and there is no complete training textbook for hand diagnosis in the current Chinese medicine textbooks. Therefore, among the four diagnostic features of TCM, only pulse diagnosis is left, and mastering pulse diagnosis takes time and experience, which can't meet the needs of modern high-speed development society and can't be mastered by most people in a short time, so the pace of TCM is obviously backward. At present, especially most people only study the treatment and curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine, or focus on the experimental research of certain theories, but few people mention that traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis is a cutting-edge tool in medical science. When your diagnosis method is not easy to popularize, the average person can't accept and understand it. No matter how forward-looking and scientific your subject is, it will not be recognized and used by most people. It can only be held in the hands of a few people as academic research. Hand diagnosis is simple and convenient, and doctors and ordinary people can see it anytime and anywhere. It has obviously solved the academic gap between doctors and patients and enhanced people's confidence in understanding and accepting Chinese medicine. Hand diagnosis medicine can promote the development of Chinese medicine inspection to a certain extent, and it is inseparable in Chinese medicine inspection, and even has the trend of surpassing pulse diagnosis. Only in this way can the diagnostic thought and academic thought of traditional Chinese medicine be passed down. Therefore, from a certain point of view, we can think that hand diagnosis is the development of Chinese medicine inspection.

Fourthly, hand diagnosis has promoted the popularization and development of Chinese medicine.

Everyone has a pair of hands. We can think that the hand is an important part of health, and all kinds of health traces of the human body can be vividly and truly recorded on it. In a sense, we can think that the hand is a record book of human health. As a doctor of traditional Chinese medicine, a hand surgeon or other health workers, you can inquire and interpret the state of each viscera at any time according to the health records on everyone's hands, so as to accurately and timely understand everyone's physical health, living conditions and life trends.

Because Chinese medicine is the theoretical basis of hand diagnosis medicine, when we apply hand diagnosis, we will put some theoretical ideas of Chinese medicine throughout, which has played a positive role in promoting the popularization and development of academic ideas of Chinese medicine.

As we know, the abstract theory of traditional Chinese medicine and the black-box operation are obviously different from the educational culture and theoretical thinking of modern people, which leads to the difficulty in understanding traditional Chinese medicine. Through hand examination, we can analyze the relationship between physical health and TCM in detail, so that anyone can subtly accept the concept of TCM health preservation or treatment. We can imagine such a phenomenon. If everyone is diagnosed manually once a year, then he will receive an education in Chinese medicine or academic thought. Chinese medicine will never be forgotten, and more people will become more and more interested in Chinese medicine and hand diagnosis. In terms of health and disease, they will naturally seek Chinese medicine. Then the revival and long-term development of Chinese medicine will survive with the survival of manpower and degenerate with the degradation of manpower.

Practical science of hand diagnosis

See scientific chart of hand diagnosis practice.

First, hand consultation is repetitive.

① Repeatability of color of disease strains.

Through a large number of practical hand diagnosis cases, it is actually a method of mathematical statistics and experience accumulation, and it is found that the basic pathological texture color discrimination in hand diagnosis can be completely reproduced in many people with this disease. The higher the repetition rate, the higher the accuracy of this disease pattern. In this case, it is obviously irresponsible to think that hand diagnosis is accurate by accident or luck. Similarly, many common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases are in different hands, and almost all of them can repeat some rules in hand diagnosis. Therefore, hand diagnosis should be scientific in measuring whether scientific standards are repetitive.

② Academic replication

Hand diagnosis can be completely in accordance with the system of any subject, people can learn and use it through study and training, and can further develop the academic theory of hand diagnosis. From this point of view, the unrestricted reproduction and proliferation of hand diagnosis medicine is the characteristic of any important discipline. Therefore, academic replication enables more people to master and use hand diagnosis, thus developing and perfecting hand diagnosis medicine.

Second, hand diagnosis is regular.

We know that there are countless books on Chinese medicine, but to sum up, it is no wonder that they are yin and yang and five elements, specifically eight categories of syndrome differentiation: dirty image, meridians, qi and blood, and body fluid. To sum up, it is nothing more than yin and yang. The colors in hand inspection are complicated and confusing, but in general, it is no wonder that there are only five colors: red, green, yellow, white and black. Although the changing law between colors is complicated, it is nothing more than looking at the ten outlines of colors. Pathological texture is changeable as clouds in the sky and chaotic as feathers, but it is nothing more than five elements in summary; Although the palm area is not large, it is not small, nine points are like stars, and the auxiliary lines of the main line are criss-crossed, but they are just warp and weft! So, although the topic seems complicated, the fact is simple. Neijing said: "Those who know what they want will always have a word, while those who don't know what they want will spread endlessly. This is also called. "

Third, hand diagnosis is operable.

Some people say that hand diagnosis with reference is a very vague diagnosis and an idealistic theory, which depends entirely on people's subjective consciousness. In fact, this is a misunderstanding of the reference hand diagnosis method. Let's give a simple example. From birth to growth, how we become more and more intelligent, how we understand the world more and more, and how we can master knowledge more and more are actually the results of our first feeling-hope. If a blind person wants to enjoy the ability to live, live and work like ordinary people, in other words, it is difficult to reach the basic ability of ordinary people without looking. Then hand diagnosis is the simplest, most primitive and instinctive method through our first feeling-hope. Look, just look at the focus of the concentrated part in our hands. If you don't look at your hand accurately, you must have misplaced the focal length. It is recommended to adjust the focal length and look at your hands. At this time, you will feel that any change in your hands can't escape your eyes, and you will deeply realize that the original hand diagnosis is so simple!

Fourth, hand diagnosis is developmental.

Any technology, any subject, they continue to develop, indicating that they are still alive. When it stops to withdraw from the stage of historical development, it means that it must be an outdated science, or it is no longer a science, but a history of cultural development. Hand-diagnosis medicine has strong compatibility and inseparable flesh-and-blood relationship with human beings, and will exist forever with the development history of human beings. As long as we are human beings, we will look at our own hands and look for answers to life from our own hands. If hand-consultation medicine really wants to quit the historical stage, then unless human beings have evolved to a high level and don't need to use their hands, that is, people are degenerating into an era without hands, and that era is far away? That's just for us in the future. What we need to do now is to continuously develop and improve hand diagnosis through various methods, including theoretical research, scientific experiments and popular popularization, so that hand diagnosis medicine is not only a discipline of medicine, but also a symbol of human civilization and a key research object of life science. If we study hand diagnosis from energy, matter and information, we may find the relationship between life, information, matter and the universe from our hands.

5. Accuracy is the last word.

Generally speaking, hand diagnosis is an effect of diagnostic analysis. At least from the current academic point of view. Therefore, to measure whether hand consultation is scientific, its accuracy and completion rate may be the only criterion for many scientists to measure whether hand consultation is scientific. Regardless of whether this one-sided measurement index is fair and reasonable for hand diagnosis, as researchers of hand diagnosis medicine, we must spare no effort to improve the accuracy of hand diagnosis to a new height, so that hand diagnosis medicine can rank among the sciences and enjoy fair and just scientific treatment. Therefore, whether hand diagnosis is scientific or not, we think its accuracy is the last word of hand diagnosis science.

Diagnostic principle

Hand diagnosis refers to a preventive and auxiliary means of reasoning about the evolution of human organs through the patterns, changes and laws of human hands. Its principle is to use vision, touch and so on. Observe the signs on the hands purposefully to understand human health or disease. For example, according to people's hand shape, nails, palm prints, fingerprints, knuckles, palms

Soft and hard, palm color, etc. Get disease information by looking, touching, pushing, pressing, clicking, pinching and pressing. Palmprint diagnosis is mainly divided into three categories: color shape, palmprint and hand shape. There is also a comprehensive study of hand lines, hand types, color lines, dermatoglyphics and nails. Therefore, hand diagnosis is also called "palm diagnostics".

According to Xu Lingbo's research, it is proved that hand diagnosis has clinical reference significance for judging hemorrhoids and fistula. The verification shows that the total clinical coincidence rate of hand diagnosis of hemorrhoids and fistula is 79.3%, and that of hand diagnosis of hemorrhoids is 84.2%. Anal fistula was 82.65438 0%; Anal fissure is 73.9%; Perianal abscess was 66.7%, and chi-square test showed significant difference (P < 0.0 1), indicating that the coincidence rate of hand diagnosis was high.

Hand diagnosis is a characteristic skill of China medical tradition and national diagnosis. "Huangdi Neijing" has related records: "See its color, know its disease, and call its name; According to its pulse, we can know its disease and call it God. Ask him about his illness, know where he is, and order him to work. "He believes that people's health can be understood through external changes such as facial features, body shape and color pulse. According to Wang Chao's Water Mirror in Tang Dynasty, the condition of children was inferred by observing the color and morphological changes of superficial veins on the inner surface of index finger.