The following are lesson plans: two short articles.
The author realized profound truth from the noisy cicadas and seashells in summer, which triggered our questioning and thinking about the meaning of life: why does life exist? Life is short and fragile. What can we do to make life more meaningful?
Cicada [1] Xiao Si
Cicadas sing early this year. Before the azaleas dispersed, I heard the intermittent cicada singing. In recent months, cicadas outside the window have learned more and more, which makes busy people very annoyed.
One day, a sick cicada was picked up under the tree, its transparent wings converged [2], and its body trembled slightly, making no sound. Living in a tree is a little thing that has been known for a long time. So small, but so loud, resounded all summer! I once asked: Why bother [③]? It's just summer!
The friend said, Do you know? It waited 17[④] years before it waited for a summer. Only this summer, it came out of the soil and grew up from a larva. When the autumn wind blows, its life is over.
17 buried in the mud, come out and live for a summer. Why?
The friend said: that is the original life course. For the continuation of life, it must live well. No matter 90 years or 90 days, you just have to live well.
Oh! This is the meaning of cicada's life!
In the sunset, when I think of the color of autumn wind, I forgive the annoying bowl!
1June 23, 980
Shell [6] Xi Murong
I found a small shell at the seaside.
Shells are small, but hard and delicate. In the middle of the vortex pattern, there are dark or light dots. If you look closely, there is a complex self-circulation pattern around every point. No wonder ancient people used shells to make coins! What I have in my hand is really a work of art, a treasure that I can't bear to exchange with others!
When I found this shell at the seaside, the little soft body that once lived in it was dead. Under the scouring of sunshine, beaches and waves, the traces of life in shells have completely disappeared. However, for such a short and tiny life, for such a fragile and humble life, how exquisite, careful and meticulous the residence God made is!
Is the time and space I can stay in this world longer and more than life in a shell? Should I also use my ability to do what I can more exquisitely, meticulously and meticulously?
Please let me also leave some precious and magical things.
A thousand years later, maybe someone will watch and play with my traces repeatedly, and can't help but sigh gently: "What a stubborn and simple heart!" " "
Discussion and practice
The author writes cicadas, first restraining and then promoting. Where is the suppression? Where is Yang? What kind of thoughts and feelings do you want to express through one suppression and one promotion?
Second, contact the context and understand the profound meaning of the following sentences.
1. Should I also make use of my own abilities to make what I can do more exquisite, meticulous and meticulous?
2. After thousands of years, maybe someone will watch and play with my traces repeatedly, and can't help but sigh gently: "What a stubborn and simple heart!"
Compare and read two texts and talk about their similarities and differences.
Read and write.
Scattered and intermittent integration, forgiveness, humility and meticulousness.
Three short articles and two teaching references
Text discussion
cicada
First, the overall grasp
This is a philosophical essay. The author used the method of restraining before promoting, and a small cicada aroused his understanding of life. From the noisy description of cicadas to the faint description of sick cicadas, it deliberately shows the annoying and insignificant side of cicadas. However, when the cicada was buried under the mud in 17 and came out for a summer, the author was surprised that the cicada was insignificant and even annoying. Why do you have to suffer so much and persist? My friend's words revealed a simple and profound philosophy: this is the process of life. In order to prolong life, we must live well. No matter 90 years or 90 days, we just have to live well.
At the end, the author wrote that he was moved by the meaning of cicada's life. "I thought of the color of autumn wind, so I forgave the annoying bell." He also took care of the word "annoying" at the beginning of the article, but it changed from "annoying" at the beginning to forgiveness now, forming a complete structure that changed from beginning to end. Although the article is short and pithy, it is of infinite significance. It reminds us that no matter whether life is short or long, we should face it positively, devote ourselves wholeheartedly and live a good life.
Second, the problem research
1. There is a sentence in the article, which is the crowning touch of the full text. You can find it and talk about your understanding of it.
"Whether it's 90 years or 90 days, you just have to live well" is the crowning touch of the full text. It is the key point from suppression to promotion, and it is also the profound understanding of life caused by cicada singing. Whether it is writing about the annoying noise of cicadas, the weakness of sick cicadas, or writing about 17 cicadas buried under the soil, they only lived for a short summer. It is because of this sentence that they are meaningful and glorious. It also reminds us that no matter how short life is, we should live well and give people a refreshing feeling.
2. "In the sunset, when I think of the color of autumn wind, I forgive that annoying feeling." How does the color of autumn wind make you feel?
We usually say that we hear the sound of autumn wind, but the author uses "autumn wind color", which skillfully adds a unique visual experience to the auditory experience, which is very innovative. It gives the autumn wind a "color" and adds some visual images belonging to autumn, such as golden fallen leaves, flaming maple leaves, dark green pine and cypress, and clear sky, all of which are integrated into the autumn wind with few words but rich meanings.
shell
First, the overall grasp
The author is a painter and a poet, with a delicate and sensitive heart, especially good at discovering the beauty in life. A small shell by the sea touched her. Different from the writing of Cicada, this paper adopts a straight-to-the-point approach, praising the beauty of shells from the beginning: the shells are very hard and delicate, and there are colors in the middle of the vortex pattern. She lamented that "what lies in my hand is really a work of art, a treasure that I can't bear to exchange with others."
After describing the exquisiteness of the shell, the author did not stop there, but thought of the tiny and soft life in the shell, and thought that for such a short, tiny, fragile and humble life, God built its residence-exquisite shell with such care. From this, I further thought about my life. Although limited, it is always a little longer than the life in the shell and has a little more space. Wouldn't it be better to face it, create it and make it look as beautiful, precious and amazing as a shell?
Because I love beauty, I cherish life more; Or because I love life, I like beauty doubly. In the author's mind and pen, the beauty in this life is closely related to gratitude for life, so she will think more carefully, meticulously and meticulously about what she can do.
Like cicadas, shells are inspired by specific and subtle things, and their observation and description of things are very nuanced. However, the soft and delicate features of this article are more prominent. When we read it, we were moved like the tide in the evening and came in slowly.
Second, the problem research
1. The last paragraph of the text says: "After a thousand years, maybe someone will watch and play with my traces repeatedly, and can't help but sigh gently:' What a stubborn and simple heart this is!' "What do you mean by" stubbornness "and" simplicity "here?
The author hopes to leave the world something like a shell, which is small or even inconspicuous, but it is something or something that he has done exquisitely, carefully and meticulously. She doesn't dream of any great achievements, but just wants to give some exquisite feedback to her life. What she longs for is not people's praise and worship, but someone who can understand her persistent beautiful soul. Therefore, "stubbornness" and "simplicity" here are the expressions of the author's relative modesty, but in fact they all mean persistence and simplicity.
Practice note
The author writes cicadas, first restraining and then promoting. Where is the suppression? Where is Yang? What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed through one suppression and one promotion?
The purpose of this topic is to understand the author's writing method of restraining before promoting, and at the same time guide the in-depth understanding of the text content and theme.
First of all, the noise of cicadas is annoying, which is a kind of repression. Secondly, writing about seeing a sick cicada and writing about its smallness and weakness is another kind of repression. A friend said that in 17, the cicada was buried under the soil and only lived for one summer, so the cicada began to surprise people. When my friend finally said that cicadas must live well in order to prolong their life, the impression of cicadas has changed from disgust and nausea to showing the meaning of life.
From suppression to promotion, the implication is profound, which conveys the theme of this article: live well no matter how short life is.
Second, contact the context and understand the profound meaning of the following sentences.
1. Should I also make use of my own abilities to make what I can do more exquisite, meticulous and meticulous?
2. After thousands of years, maybe someone will watch and play with my traces repeatedly, and can't help but sigh gently: "What a stubborn and simple heart!"
The purpose of this topic is to understand the author's thoughts and feelings more deeply through the pondering of sentences.
1. This sentence goes on to say, "How exquisite, how careful and meticulous the residence God has built for it." Compared with the life in the shell, I realize that although my life is limited, it is still a little longer than the life in the shell, and I have more space to express my excitement: I want to do things as delicately and better as possible.
2. The author doesn't want to build a great career. She just wants to imagine that little shell, carefully and meticulously create a persistent and beautiful image, give back to life and touch people's hearts. "Stubbornness" and "simplicity" are the author's relatively modest statements, which shows that she does not crave people's absolute praise and worship for her. What she longs for is a touch, hoping to touch the world like the beauty of shells touched her.
Compare and read two texts and talk about their similarities and differences.
This topic aims to guide students to read two texts together and deepen their understanding of the texts through comparison.
Similarities:
1. It's all because of a small "thing" that triggered some insights into life.
2. The understanding of life is positive and serious.
3. The description of "things" is meticulous, and the style is fresh and natural.
Difference:
1. "Cicada" is first suppressed and then promoted, and "shell" is the direct theme.
2. Cicada's understanding of life is that no matter whether life is short or not, we should face it positively and live well; "Shell" is to do what you can more carefully, more exquisitely and more meticulously.
3. The metaphor of the author's attitude towards life in Cicada does not directly express the meaning of cicada's life; Shell clearly puts forward the idea of doing things seriously and expresses the desire to leave things worth cherishing and marveling to the world.
Teaching suggestion
1. Guide the students to read Cicada and Shell by themselves, and put the two articles together to enjoy them.
Second, guide the students to pay attention to the characteristics that both articles lead to abstract and profound philosophy from a specific incident.
Third, both articles are good at describing things in detail, and have detailed observation and description of such small things as cicadas and shells. Guide students to read the text carefully, try to figure out the sentences, and understand the characteristics described by the author and the emotions expressed in them.
Fourthly, we can recommend other works by Xiao Si and Xi Murong to students, so as to further understand their writing style and thoughts and feelings.
Teaching design of verb (abbreviation of verb)
Guiding ideology
1. Read and appreciate the text and feel its gentle, natural and fluent style.
2. Understand the writing method of restraining before promoting and the philosophy born of things.
3. Understand the meaning of life and guide a positive and serious attitude towards life.
Teaching step
1. Import
Introduce a poem or an essay by Xi Murong to arouse students' interest in the author and works. For example:
(1) All the years have become
An illusory myth, let it go.
Green grass and flowers are in full bloom.
Will eventually fall down one after another.
In the dizziness of falling.
Who can give me a satisfactory answer (from youth without complaint? Distance ")
(2) I like to look back because I don't like to forget. I have always felt that in this world, some people, some things and some moments seem to have some kind of arrangement, which may not be felt at that time, but in retrospect, it is of profound significance. I have had many wonderful moments, and I really can't bear to forget them. (Excerpt from "Traces of Growth? View path ")
(3) The whole person's life is like an artistic creation that has been pondering. It has started before me and will not stop or end after me. But my arrival and my existence are an indispensable point in this long thinking process, and every effort I make will leave a mark. (Excerpted from "The Taste of Life")
Briefly introduce two authors. Ask the students to read two texts silently.
2. Read aloud.
3. Ask students to compare the similarities and differences between the two compositions, and draw out the key points of study.
4. Read the text, try to figure out the words, and discuss and communicate.
(1) How does the color of autumn wind remind you of Cicada?
(2) "Should I also use my own ability to make what I can do more exquisite, meticulous and meticulous?" What kind of thoughts and feelings are reflected?
(4) There is a saying in the shell: "What a stubborn and simple heart this is!" How do you understand "how stubborn the heart is and how simple the heart is"?
5. Recommend some poems by Xi Murong or Xiao Si for students to enjoy after class.
related data
I. Introduction to Xiao Si
Born in 1939, real name Lu, pen name Ming Chuan, Suenaen. My ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong. 1964 graduated from the Chinese Department of New Asia College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and studied at Geoffry Northcote Teachers College the following year with a diploma in education. From 65438 to 0973, he went to the Institute of Humanities of Kyoto University to study China literature. 198 1 obtained a master's degree in the thesis "China's Literary Activities in Hongkong".
Xiao Si used to be a Chinese teacher in many middle schools. 65438-0978 teaches at the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong, and 65438-0979 teaches at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. His published works include Conversation on the Road, Teaching Notes, Never Shake, Yun Tong's Notes, Hong Kong Literature, Sun Shadow Travel, Selected Works of Feng Zikai, Seven Good Collections, Seven Good New Collections and Three Horizons. Xiao Si engaged in literary research, served as a judge of literary awards for many times, and participated in various literary activities.
(Excerpted from "Teaching Notes", the 22nd edition updated by Huahan Cultural Enterprise Company in 2006. Text slightly changed)
Second, talk about Xiao Si-based on "experience and lessons" (Huang Jizhi)
Reading Xiao Si's articles is very calming. The word "leisure" is deliberately not used here for fear of causing associations such as "leisure" and "leisure". Xiao Si's sketches are quite different from those of the late Ming Dynasty. The word "Xiang" under her pen name is very appropriate. Almost every article, including seemingly leisurely scenery, is thoughtful and sometimes almost dignified. But the truth is understood from the true feelings of life and comes down to the true nature, so it can be clear and pleasing. Xiao Si's pen name is said to have originally wanted to use "Xiayi". The cool breeze in hot summer can make people clear-headed, just like its literary works. As for the word "fan", another meaning is "high wind", so it is obviously not the high spirit in the impression. It should be, elegant and restrained, the potential energy turns inward, and self-cultivation is well known. She embarked on the road of art, but did not show her talent.
In Xiao Si, it can be said that art is inseparable from the charm of temperament and thought. Temperament and thought, cultivation time is mainly not in the "text", as Lu Fangweng said: "To learn poetry, your time is outside the poem." But whether temperament and thoughts can be transformed into art, I am afraid it will take some time to "write". However, when "outside the text" and "outside the poem" are integrated into art, the original temperament and thought will become an organic element of art. Talking about it is not only to praise the author's moral character or ideological realm, but also an indispensable part of talking about "art"
On Xiao Si's prose, or his prose is pure and elegant, with dense needle and thread and proper tailoring; Or it is plain and natural, but it is never tired of watching it; Or a mixture of reason and reason, but Ming Che is fine; Even a little exaggerated, applying Dongpo's evaluation of Tao Jingjie: quality and reality, and reality. This can roughly point out its literary style. However, in terms of style, the author can't do all the "literary heart" after all. The relationship between the spirit, smell, rhythm and melody of the work and the author's temperament and knowledge is probably "inseparable, and the two are inseparable": they can neither be directly equal nor isolated. This is the general principle of literature and art, but reading prose writers like Xiao Si is more noticeable. The integrity of "literary mind" should be unified with "outside the text" and "inside the text" Although commenting on the rules, you can only write articles; There are characters in the text, you can know the characters from the text; But irreversible, can be judged by people, can be replaced by people. When we are looking for Xiao Si's "thoughts", we should only look for her thoughts in the text, not "restore" her thoughts, so as to judge her articles. However, it will probably help to explore her "literary heart".
(Excerpted from "Teaching Notes", updated 22nd edition by Huahan Cultural Enterprise Company in 2006)
Three. Brief introduction of Xi Murong
Xi Murong, pen names Xiao Rui, Moron and Mullen? Xi Lianbo (Mongolian, that is, Dajiang) and so on. Originally from Ming 'an Banner, Chahar League, Inner Mongolia, 1943 was born in Chongqing, and then moved to Taiwan Province Province with his parents. She loved painting since childhood, and studied at the Royal Academy of Art in Brussels, Belgium from 65438 to 0964. After that, he taught in the Fine Arts Department of Hsinchu Teachers College in Taiwan Province Province. He has held many art exhibitions, published albums and won awards. Her collection of poems "Qilixiang" was published by Taiwan Province Dida Publishing House, which was very popular with readers.
She writes poetry and prose just as a rest after a hard day's work, in order to "commemorate a distant time and a small world that only exists in my heart". Life, time and homesickness are the internal themes of her works, while the delicate and unique aesthetic description and euphemistic expression of human feelings, love and homesickness are the mysteries that attract readers. His main works are poetry collection Qilixiang, Youth Without Complaints, prose collection There is a Song, the Trace of Growth, the Taste of Life, Sanxian, Concentric Collection and Writing for Happiness.
Fourth, the initial heart-preface "The Taste of Life" (Xi Murong)
I have always believed that the real essence of life is not on the surface, but in the deep heart.
It is a quality that is difficult to describe clearly in words. We can only perceive its existence through intuition occasionally, like a faint call from the depths of the soul.
It is always at an unpredictable moment-either from a paragraph between pages or a turning point on the road of human growth, that kind of touch suddenly comes, and our hearts are filled with ecstasy that may be accompanied by stinging pain, or it may be a sacred and sweet thrill that cannot be expressed. It seems that there is a kind of compassion looking down on us from a height, and it seems to reunite the beautiful world that has disappeared for a long time, and the homesickness of all the beautiful things at the beginning of life.
It is a kind of relative forgetfulness, and it is a chance encounter that is likely to be wrong when it is said.
Because this perceived "intuition" is also a difficult thing to define. We only know that it is an innate instinct, which can only be stimulated, not cultivated deliberately, and will not grow with age and knowledge accumulation.
It is the "initial heart", a gift from God to every individual, and an antenna for us to briefly understand the secret at the right moment; Some people get more, some people get less, some people get deep and wide, and some people only get a small corner.
I think I belong to the latter.
However, even if there is only a small corner, when that rare moment suddenly comes, I am often confused and can't describe it clearly in words. I have to wait until time goes by and I gradually calm down, before I can try to make a portrait of the light and shadow that has disappeared in words under the lamp.
(Excerpted from Taste of Life, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, 1997 edition)
Five, there are books like songs (Wang Dingjun)
Generally speaking, this is a woman writer with high understanding, who describes spirituality with a material foundation, simplicity and innocence after education and restraint, thus providing a popular Zen philosophy and almost depicting a way of life.
……
The original pattern below is her life. The new paintings on it are her paintings, her poems and her essays. The work is the author's interpretation of life. What she shows in her prose is the life she explains. Her understanding of life is "contentment", "gratitude" and "many arrangements in the world have their own meanings". This kind of feeling is not like a label attached to the front of an article, but a kind of spirit, a kind of temperament, which is rich in every article and every paragraph. Just live it again in this mood and then write it down. Such a work of "keeping promises" is quite rare. The life written down is naturally a better and better life.
……
Many people say that readers like the pure and slender life sentiment and philosophical short sentences shining everywhere in the book. If so, let me point out that these philosophies are all learned from the author's direct life and become the guide and footnote of life. With this 10,000-point clarity, the works will be refined but not greasy, mediocre but not vulgar, and the readers will be fascinated and not "hurt". (Excerpted from the appendix "A Book Like a Song" of Taste of Life, Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, 1997 edition. Slight change)
Mama heye
backbone
My father's friend gave us two pots of lotus flowers, one red and the other white, which were put in the yard.
For eight years, I haven't seen lotus flowers in the yard-but there are many in my hometown garden; There are not only two pedicures, but also three pedicures and four pedicures, all of which are red-violet.
One moonlit night nine years ago, my grandfather and I were enjoying the cool in the garden. Grandpa smiled and said to me, "You three sisters joined our big family when Santillian was first opened in our garden. Everyone is happy and said that it should be Huarui. "
I feel a little bored when I hear the complicated rain in the middle of the night and get up early on a cloudy day. When I looked out of the window, the white lotus had withered, and the white petals floated on the water like a boat. There is only a small lotus and a few pale yellow flowers on the stem. That red lotus, which was in full bloom last night, stood gracefully among the green leaves this morning.
Still uncomfortable! -I wandered for a while, and there was a loud thunder outside the window. Then it rained heavily, and it rained harder and harder. The red-violet flower was scattered by dense raindrops. Under the empty sky, I dare not go down the stairs or think about it.
Calling my mother in the room, I quickly went over and sat next to my mother-when I turned around, I suddenly saw a big lotus leaf next to Honglian, and slowly leaned over and covered it ... My restless mood disappeared!
The rain did not subside, but red-violet did not waver. Raindrops kept beating, only on the brave and kind lotus leaf, some weak water droplets gathered.
My heart was deeply touched-Mom! You are a lotus leaf, and I am a red lotus. The raindrops in my heart are coming. Except you, who is the shade under my unobstructed sky?
On the basis of distinguishing the concepts of corporate governance, internal control and risk management, it is considered that the ultimate