The feudal system in western Europe is a core content of the medieval history of Europe, and the core content of the feudal system in western Europe is the feudal hierarchy in western Europe. Throughout the Middle Ages, Roman Catholicism occupied one-third of the land in Western Europe at that time economically, contended with secular kingship politically, and formed a monistic monopoly in ideology and culture, which can be said to be in a position of returning to primitive religion. Cities are an important symbol of the formation of civilization. There are obvious differences between western civilization and eastern civilization in many aspects, many of which are caused by cities. Byzantine Empire is a glorious ancient civilization, and its historical destiny has great typical significance and enlightenment value in how to face new environmental challenges.

The first chapter is the formation of feudal society in western Europe.

In 476 AD, the demise of the Western Roman Empire was an important transition from slavery to feudalism in Western Europe.

Mark, to 1 1 century, the feudal process in western Europe was basically completed. For a century.

In this process, on the one hand, the disintegration of Germanic rural communes and the formation of dependent farmers; On the other hand, it is a seal.

The gradual establishment of relations of production. These are two aspects of one thing in the process of feudalism in western Europe.

It became the main clue to the establishment of early feudal society in western Europe. Compared with some civilized countries in the East, Western Europe is closed.

It was quite backward in the early days of the establishment of the society, because Christianity and some rags were left over from ancient times.

This city. The serf manor with underdeveloped production, weak commodity circulation and occlusion was the main economic fine at that time.

Cells and grass-roots political organizations. Feudal separatism, the decline of kingship, the whole spiritual and cultural field are monks.

Monopoly and the continuous struggle of working people against serfdom were both feudal societies in early Western Europe.

The main features of the meeting.

The Decline of Western Roman Empire and the Establishment of Germanic Kingdom

The crisis of slavery in the Western Roman Empire and the germination of feudal relations from the 3rd century to the 5th century were all western.

The crisis of slavery in the Roman Empire was always exposed, and feudal factors were bred in the matrix of the empire.

For a long time. The pagoda movement that swept Gaul and Spain shocked the Agonistes Slave Congress in North Africa.

The uprising took place in this period. These uprisings dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the slave-owning class.

The countryside was barren, the cities withered, and the large-scale slave plunder war was forced to stop. The source of slaves has dried up, and the price

In the 3rd century A.D., a robust slave sold 300 to 500 silver coins. large-scale

Using slave labor is not only unprofitable, but also extremely dangerous. In this case, the manor land was divided.

Cutting it into small pieces and renting it to Li farmers for farming was the only favorable farming form at that time.

Li Nong existed as early as the end of Rome and the Republic of China, but originally it meant free tenant farmers, except them.

After paying a certain amount of land rent, he is economically independent and legally a free man. But by 1 century,

Due to the deepening of the slavery crisis, the slave farming system has also developed. In 98 AD, Pliny Jr. presented a gift to Rome.

In the letter of Emperor Trajan, he talked about his Tiferin territory in Ida Larea, with an annual income of 80.

Wansethus, half of which comes from the rent paid by slave owners and the other half comes from the income of slave labor.

Enter. It can be seen that slave owners account for a large proportion in the manor economy of slave owners. At this time,

The composition of slave owners has also undergone major changes. In addition to free tenant farmers, Roman slave owners also put land

Distribute to slaves for farming, and such slaves can get part of the harvest, although they are not legally

He is a farmer, but his economic status is close to that of a farmer. In the border areas of the empire, Roman slave owners leased land to

Barbarian immigrants cultivated, and later, these immigrants gradually became slave owners. There are also a large number of free small farmers because of the war.

Chaos and heavy taxes, no livelihood, forced to seek the "shelter" of the big manor owners, which is also an important reason for the emergence of migrant workers.

Source.

In the 3rd century, there were many hereditary slave owners in Italian provinces, and the number was increasing day by day. but

According to some documents, the relationship between slave owners and landlords in this period still maintained an equal contractual relationship.

Relationship. In 259, when Emperor Valerian and his son Gallienus responded to Ye Frosini's request,

Someone pointed out: "If the land lessor drives you away from the territory, you can sue according to the contract, you can."

Claim compensation.