There are a large number of natural caves in Guizhou mountainous areas, which provide a good and simple habitat for ancient humans. Various animal and plant resources provided rich food for ancient humans; The large area of carbonate rocks exposed provided convenience for ancient people to make various stone tools. More than 4,000 stone products and 23 kinds of animal fossils unearthed in Guanyin Cave, qianxi county, and nearly 1,000 bone horns unearthed in Puding County, let us realize that as early as 240,000 years ago, ancient humans were active in this magical and colorful land of Guizhou Plateau. Among the fossils excavated in Guizhou Plateau, there are Shuicheng people and Dadong people belonging to the early Homo sapiens stage, and some belong to the late Homo sapiens, which are called piercing people and Xingyi people. These ancient humans were coextensive with the flourishing tea trees in a large area as early as 654.38 billion years ago. They gradually learned about tea in the long years.
According to historical records, before Xia Dynasty, Guizhou was called Chishui, Yin Zhou was called Guifang, and the early Spring and Autumn Period was called Nanman. There are many countries, the largest of which is the Kingdom of Xi 'an, with Yelang as its capital. During the Warring States period, Yelang became more and more powerful, forming Yelang Kingdom. According to the ancient history of Guizhou, "the people who founded Songhu country should be the ancient indigenous people in the southwest of China." That is, the ancestors of the Gelao people today. It is they who, in ancient times, have been constantly exploring the history and culture of Guizhou, and at the same time, have been constantly utilizing and developing the tea of origin. According to historical records, as early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Pu people in southwest Yi had planted and used tea. Huayang country? Ba Zhi records: "Zhou Wuwang's attack on Zhou Dynasty was really the teacher of Bashu ... fish, salt, copper and iron, lacquer, tea and honey ... all paid tribute." At that time, several counties in northern Guizhou today, such as Wuchuan, Dejiang, Yanhe and Zheng 'an, were all under the jurisdiction of Bashu. Since tea had become a tribute or gift at that time, it can be seen that Pu people at that time not only discovered tea, but also made delicious tea, otherwise it could not be given as a tribute or gift.
3. By the Han Dynasty, Guizhou green tea had become a famous local product, and there were records of tea gardens. According to gold? Fu wrote "Seven Laws", in which "Nanzhong Tea Seed" was mentioned when describing famous local specialties at that time. As an ancient geographical term, South China is equivalent to the south of Dadu River in Sichuan and Yunnan-Guizhou provinces. The Three Kingdoms are based on Shu and Han, so the land south of Bashu is South China. Tea seeds produced in the south will naturally produce tea. According to Zhuang Wan Fang's explanation, "When planting tea trees, we went to Nanzhong to select tea seeds, which is credible. At that time, tea trees were not widely planted. The vast area of South China was the origin of tea trees and there were good tea products. " This shows that the tea made by ordinary people at that time has become a famous local product. "Huayang Guozhi" again? Ba Zhi also remembers that "there are fragrant flowers and fragrant tea in the garden." Pakistan after King Yin Ke of Wu includes the areas west of Nanchuan in Sichuan and north of Tongzi in Guizhou. This also shows that as early as 800 years after 1 1 century BC, several counties in northern Guizhou have not only been able to produce good tea, but also began to plant tea gardens.
4. Many Chinese characters representing the meaning of the word tea in ancient Chinese are related to the modern minority dialects in Guizhou mountainous areas. Chinese characters representing tea in ancient times, such as tea, bitter tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, tea, Chinese and foreign scholars believe that it is related to the dialects of ethnic minorities in Guizhou mountainous areas. There are several pronunciations in Guizhou Miao tea dialect: the Miao people in Zhijin Pingqiao in the western alpine mountain area call tea "Atuo"; Poliu Miao people in Zhenfeng county, southwest Guizhou call tea "Jiang"; Anshun Miao people call tea "harmony"; Hapamiao, the main peak of Miao Ling at the junction of Guiding, Longli and Huishui counties in southern Guizhou, is called tea "Ji"; Some Miao people in Mao Ping Mountain area of Meitan in Zunyi area call tea "brush". The same is true of other ethnic groups. For example, the Buyi people in southern Guizhou call tea "change" and "change"; The Buyi people in Zhenfeng, southwest Guizhou, call tea "killing life". Dong people in Liping, southeastern Guizhou call tea "Xie", while Zhong family in Anshun calls tea "Zhejiang". The Yi people in the old factory in Panxian call tea "climbing". Hashimoto, a famous Japanese tea expert, wrote in his recently published book "The Origin of Tea Trees": "Tujia people living in mountainous areas of Hunan and Guizhou are pronounced Tujia, which is similar to the pronunciation of" tea "and" tea "in ancient China, so it seems that China tea originated in this area." It can be seen that the ethnic minorities in Guizhou, namely the Pumiao people at that time, were the earliest ancestors who used tea, and they made indelible contributions to the development of tea in China and even the world.
In the market of Yelang period, tea commodity exchange has appeared. There is an overview in the Ancient History of Guizhou: "Yelang market, as well as soy sauce, tea, honey, orpiment, cinnabar and other commodities. In addition to girls, there are horses and chariots, and the market is quite prosperous. " The summary of the ancient history of Guizhou is well founded. "Huayang National Records" says: "In Pingyi County, tea honey comes from the mountains." On the way to South Vietnam through Yelang, Tang Meng once saw soy sauce and tea honey being sold in the market as agricultural and sideline products. It can be seen that the Pumiao people in ancient Guizhou have applied cooking technology to tea processing at this time. The superior ecological environment of tea trees, the development of rice production and the needs of society have prompted them to make breakthrough progress in tea-making technology and become pioneers in the creation of famous tea in Guizhou.
6. According to historical records? "Biography of Huo Zhi" records: "During the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Bashu tea was transported to Wudu, Gansu for sale. According to the ancient history of Guizhou, Shu county in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not include Guizhou, while Ba county included Daozhen, Wuchuan, Dejiang and Xishui counties in Guizhou today. During this period, it is not surprising that Baxian, as an important tea-producing area, sold its tea to Wudu, Gansu.
Our province has been a big tea-producing province since ancient times. It was once rich in good tea and tribute tea, and it was brilliant for a while.
Nowadays, in the tea kingdom of China, the status of tea in our province is very weak. Among the tea-producing provinces in China 17, the tea planting area and output of our province rank fifth from the bottom in the country; A "Atlas of Famous Tea in China" lists 132 kinds of famous teas, and only Dongpo Yinluo and Dongpo Maojian are famous in our province, ranking last. The China Tea Classic, which is more than 700 pages thick, only has two or three pages about Guizhou tea. Guizhou tea is hardly seen in the national market, but there are many foreign famous brand boxes packed with Guizhou tea, which are very popular in the market. Someone exclaimed: Guizhou tea area will become a "colony".
Entering the commodity society, how can the tea in our province, which was once brilliant, be so eclipsed and huddled in a cold corner?
When I look at it from another level, I actually come to the view that to develop Guizhou tea economy, we must first establish and develop Guizhou tea culture.
As Wang Zhigang, a native of Qianxi, said, "The competition between regional economies is actually the competition of cultural sectors".
Throughout China's famous teas, those who are famous far away have profound cultural accumulation. When tasting Longjing tea, we will associate it with the picturesque West Lake, Su Dongpo's poem "Tea is always as beautiful as a beauty", Gong Hu Temple's 18 Imperial Tea Tree and Qianlong Emperor's Longjing tea story ... Is it tea tasting or history tasting? Anyway, fascination is fun. This is the charm of China tea, and it is also the root of the long history and continuous development of China tea.
The tea culture in Guizhou is almost blank!
In recent years, the author searched all the tea classics, tea books and books, but couldn't find any writings of Guizhou intellectuals about Guizhou tea. It's just that from time to time, I have seen several words similar to "tribute tea somewhere, how much is the output, and where to sell it" in the local chronicles of various provinces or counties. Is it true that Guizhou intellectuals are not addicted to tea, and they are not addicted to Guizhou tea? Don't! You don't smell Guizhou people making tea, but they put a lot of tea in black teapots and drink bitter and astringent strong tea. They just don't want to write tea. I don't mean to criticize here at all, but I just want to draw the following view: It is a fine tradition of China intellectuals to give financial aid through the state, and intellectuals should shoulder the heavy responsibility of developing and prospering local culture.
Reading tea classics at ordinary times will always have reverence for some cultural people in Jiang during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They all have no official clothes, love tea, are familiar with wine picking, and are good at writing and poetry. They didn't take the imperial examination, but shouldered the local culture. An ancient tea book in China, most of which are their works reciting local tea, has greatly promoted the development of tea economy and culture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. There are many outstanding figures in contemporary Guizhou culture, such as Liu, Zhou, Tang and so on. It is precisely because of their unremitting efforts that people in the whole province are writing local tourism literature and history materials today, and more than 40 books in Guizhou tourism literature and history series have been published as scheduled, which has aroused the great wings of Guizhou tourism.
The construction of tea culture in Guizhou needs people with this spirit and courage.
"Guizhou tea lacks symbolic things"
Guizhou is the birthplace of tea and one of the birthplaces of tea culture. The ecological conditions of high altitude, low latitude and less sunshine have created the natural beauty of Guizhou tea. But when Tieguanyin in Fujian, Pu 'er in Yunnan and Longjing in West Lake are all-powerful in the international market, I seldom see the shadow of Guizhou green tea. In my opinion, it is the dual constraints of brand and channel construction, which makes it difficult for natural and beautiful Guizhou tea to exert its fists and feet, thus failing to bring considerable economic benefits and corresponding fame to Guizhou.
To develop Guizhou tea, the first problem to be solved is to remove the double constraints of brand and channel construction.
In recent years, Duyun Maojian Tea, Meitan Cui Ya Tea and other brands have formed certain competitiveness in the domestic market, and Guizhou brand tea has made great progress, but these achievements are not obvious in the whole Guizhou tea industry. It can be said that the lack of "Guizhou Tea Industry" brand is the "right hand man" who puts Guizhou green tea in an awkward position.
At present, there are more than 7,000 enterprises producing tea in Guizhou, but only 1000 brands are registered in the industrial and commercial departments, and the production and operation are extremely scattered. To develop Guizhou tea industry, we must overcome the disadvantages of "small, scattered and chaotic", introduce competition mechanism, integrate resources, and follow the example of Zhejiang green tea "attacking with a group": take regional leading enterprises as the main body of development, unite a group of small enterprises, form a provincial brand, and make "Guizhou green tea" famous all over the country. In the future, the "western tea sea" will not only be in Meitan, but also cover the whole of Guizhou.
While paying close attention to the brand building of "Guizhou Tea Industry", don't forget to help shape the brand of "Guizhou Tea Industry". Under the condition of market economy, producing unique products recognized by consumers and the market is the key to successfully build the brand of "Guizhou Tea". Nowadays, consumers recognize products with characteristics and good quality, not products with many gold medals. Our Guizhou tea is naturally beautiful, but it is difficult to leave a deep impression on consumers without unique and iconic things.
It is believed that Guizhou green tea, with the connotation of "Guizhou tea industry" and "Guizhou tea industry", will surely shine in the future with its natural beauty and excellent quality.
Guizhou tea is another Maotai in the future.
In the eyes of outsiders, Guizhou is always associated with Moutai. This is an advantage of Guizhou, but it is also a disadvantage. Maotai has enhanced the reputation of Guizhou and left other industries in Guizhou at a loss. In the eyes of many foreigners, there is only Maotai in Guizhou except Maotai.
This is my first visit to Guizhou. My concept has changed a lot since I came here. I saw another kind of Maotai-Guizhou green tea. I believe that this "Maotai" will lead Guizhou to a broader development path.
Although the tea industry in Guizhou is still in its infancy, Guizhou green tea has many excellent qualities, such as fresh and delicious texture and profound historical and cultural heritage. Guizhou green tea needs only a little help from the outside world to develop and grow. And "water" is just the right publicity.
I believe that good publicity can never be separated from clear positioning. To promote Guizhou tea, we must first give it a clear positioning. Since Guizhou tea is another Maotai in the future, this positioning should be comparable to Maotai. How famous Maotai is, how famous Guizhou tea should be. With this concept, there will be a goal and direction in concrete implementation, and success will be easier.
At present, the propaganda of Guizhou provincial government on Guizhou tea mainly focuses on ecology and ancient customs, and basically does not publicize fashion and cutting edge. I think such publicity is not conducive to the long-term development of Guizhou tea. The combination of cutting-edge and ancient is the development road that Guizhou tea should take.
The future is the world of young people, and "aged" tea will not be sought after by young people. In the process of publicity, Guizhou tea should be combined with the young and the old, and the ecology and health should be integrated. At the same time, it is necessary to integrate its glorious history during the Anti-Japanese War and promote Guizhou tea with young people's thinking mode, which has become a new force point for Guizhou's economy.
At the same time, the rejuvenation of Guizhou tea can be highlighted not only in publicity, but also in products, such as developing new healthy tea products, cutting-edge packaging design, mechanization of production technology and so on. Through the reasonable guidance of the government and the efforts of enterprises themselves, another "Moutai era" is just around the corner.
If it's not enough, go to several stores to find books on this subject, ~
I hope it helps you!