The intervention of social work is conducive to meeting the development needs of the elderly, so that the function of the old-age care institution is not limited to physical care, but also to meet the psychological protection and development. Then, let's analyze the service model of social work intervention institutions for everyone. Welcome to read and browse.

First, the inevitability of institutional pension research

(a) The elderly population has increased dramatically.

With the rapid development of China's economy, the gradual improvement of social security mechanism and welfare system, the coverage of residents' old-age insurance is gradually expanding, the medical security system is also constantly improving, and the average age of the population is also increasing year by year. According to the data of the sixth population census in China, the elderly population aged 65 and above accounts for about 8.9% of the total population at this stage. With the rapid increase of the elderly population, the problem of providing for the aged has become increasingly prominent, according to Mu Guangzong (20 12)? Rapid population changes have led to a gradual increase in the demand for socialized aged care services? CoCo Lee (2009) said? China's population is aging rapidly under the background of underdeveloped economy, which makes? Security? This problem is becoming increasingly prominent? Whether it is the acceleration of population aging caused by historical reasons or the inability of China to bear the heavy burden of providing for the aged due to economic reasons, institutional pension is an important magic weapon to solve the problem of providing for the aged at this stage.

(B) Weakening the family pension function

China's traditional family structure is dominated by joint family, and children's support and enjoyment for their elderly parents is considered as? Filial piety? The performance is that the father mainly depends on his son and daughter-in-law, and the daily care of the elderly mainly depends on family support. The implementation of the family planning policy has broken this traditional model for thousands of years to a certain extent, and the family structure has gradually become the mainstream, and the family's pension function has been weakened. The younger generation's support for the elderly mainly stays at the economic level. The empty nest trend of the elderly leads to the life crisis and self-care dilemma of the elderly who are unattended. Under the background of the weakening of family pension function, institutional pension not only meets the care needs of the elderly, but also relieves the pressure of family pension to some extent.

(C) Cost-effectiveness driven

Pension institutions are mainly divided into two types: public and private, each of which includes two operating modes: public and private, private and private. Sending the elderly to old-age care institutions is generally based on cost-benefit considerations. Compared with living with the elderly, taking care of three meals a day, being careful and meticulous, and letting the elderly live alone and worry about their own safety every day, the one-stop service system provided by the old-age care institution is closer to the care model expected by ordinary people, and it can get more benefits while paying a certain cost.

Second, explore the needs of the elderly.

(A) the physiological needs of the elderly

As a vulnerable group in society, the elderly sometimes find it difficult to take care of themselves because of their age growth and injuries, and they need to take care of themselves. The physiological function of the elderly is declining and weakening, and their self-defense ability and rehabilitation ability are much weaker than when they were young, resulting in the demand for nursing and rehabilitation training. After meeting the basic physiological needs of survival and health, the elderly will pursue developmental physiological needs, such as gaining a strong body through exercise, such as pursuing a higher quality living environment and living materials. At present, the old-age care institutions can only meet the basic survival needs, nursing needs and some simple entertainment needs of the elderly. For the elderly with rehabilitation needs, the old-age care institutions generally replace rehabilitation training with full-course care for the elderly in bed, which weakens the possibility and confidence of the elderly to fully recover. Traditional social work for the elderly in old-age care institutions is limited to? Security? At this level, the mutual help between the elderly and the development of their own potential are ignored, and there is no motivation to promote their self-awareness and self-improvement.

(B) the psychological needs of the elderly

The elderly need support, care and recognition, and at the same time, they need to alleviate their fear of death. The support system for the elderly is generally composed of spouses, partners, family members and caregivers. It is an important resource for social workers to carry out social work for the elderly and has an extremely important influence and role in understanding the elderly. When the elderly enter the old-age care institution, his support system will change, the distance between family members and the elderly will become farther, and caregivers will become caregivers in the old-age care institution. Social networks in old-age care institutions are generally based on small groups composed of roommates. The gathering of homogeneous groups can create more similarities for the communication between the elderly and enable the elderly to help each other independently. Old people will be afraid of death, and their families will not accept their departure. The anxiety and fear of the elderly and their families cannot be resolved, and the understanding of death is also lacking. Hospice care can make the elderly have a new understanding of death and their lives and fully affirm themselves. In addition to meeting the needs of the elderly in the old-age care institutions? Security? We should also attach importance to the development needs of the elderly, enhance their ability of value-added and self-improvement, realize self-help and mutual assistance among the elderly, and weaken? Old people? This label marks the pressure and loneliness brought by the role of care and inaction to the elderly themselves.

Third, the necessity of social work intervention and the acquisition of actual rights.

(A) Overview of the theoretical framework

1, right to practice

The right to practice refers to the ability of the actor to enter the space dominated by others for activities with the consent or coercion of others. Social work is a practical process of helping others and helping themselves, and the acquisition of practical rights is a process in which the values, ideas, working methods and skills of social work are accepted and trusted in the work field and objects. Because the specialization of social work in China is relatively slow and immature, if we want to give full play to the advantages of social work professional skills in pension institutions, we should not only intervene, but also let the case owner and relevant institutions recognize the labor results of social work and support the work of social workers. The process of obtaining the right to practice is synchronized with social work. Only by constantly striving for rights, improving programs and innovating development in social work can we better promote the integration of practice rights and social work intervention. 2. Empowerment theory

According to the empowerment theory, individuals are at a disadvantage and marginalized because: ① individuals experience a comprehensive sense of powerlessness, so they cannot communicate with the environment; There are direct and indirect obstacles, oppression and restrictions in the surrounding environment, which make individuals unable to participate in society and realize themselves. To carry out social work for the elderly in pension institutions, we must pay attention to the role and influence of empowerment. Social workers use professional methods and skills to help the elderly break through. Old people? The negative impact of labels helps them to enhance their awareness of rights, fully understand themselves, improve the self-help ability of the elderly, rebuild their self-worth and enhance their confidence in their own development.

(B) the necessity of social work intervention and the acquisition of actual rights

1, the development role of social work

As a developmental specialty of helping others and helping themselves, social work has its special and important position in the old-age care institutions. The elderly in the old-age care institutions belong to the vulnerable groups in society, and they are replaced and eliminated due to age factors in the upgrading of social and economic development. Children are too busy to take care of, avoiding intergenerational conflicts, physical discomfort and inconvenience in life, and loneliness are the main factors for the elderly to choose to enter the old-age care institution. The intervention of social work is conducive to meeting the development needs of the elderly, so that the function of the old-age care institution is not limited to physical care, but also to meet the psychological protection and development.

2, the promotion of the right to practice.

Obtaining the right to practice is an important guarantee for the effectiveness of social work intervention. Without the right to practice, social workers will always be the third party in the old-age care institutions, and will be marginalized and ignored without influence and driving force. The planning and scheme of social work can only be regarded as an entertainment project for the elderly in the old-age care institutions. Without its therapeutic, professional and utilitarian nature, it is difficult to play a leading role in the field and scope of work. Obtaining the right to practice is the recognition and affirmation of social work by organizations and members, which can promote the effectiveness and targeted development of social work, thus meeting the needs of the elderly and realizing the value of social work itself.

3. The requirement of empowering the elderly.

According to the role theory, when the elderly can transition from a set of roles in the past to roles that match the age norms, they can have a successful old age and change from active social members in the traditional concept to inaction? Old people? Role, many elderly people will have a certain gap in their hearts, resulting in inferiority and helplessness. Social workers can help the elderly to empower themselves in the old-age care institutions, and can turn their inner helplessness into self-confidence and self-esteem, so that the elderly can regain their confidence in participating in social activities, not only limiting their pace to the small world of the old-age care institutions, but also actively contacting the society and adjusting their behavior and mentality to adapt to the new social environment and social role.

Four. Problems and Dilemma of Social Work Intervention

(A) the marginalization of social work

As an imported major, social work started late and developed slowly in China, which has been marginalized and neglected. Although there has been some development in recent years, the degree of attention paid by pension institutions to social work needs to be strengthened. Only a few old-age care institutions have set up the post of social worker, and most social workers exist in the form of part-time, mainly helping the elderly as volunteers and volunteers, without a perfect work system and value system. Older people are generally unfamiliar with social workers and do not understand the content and nature of social work. The dual indifference of old-age care institutions and the elderly to social work makes it difficult for social work to intervene.

Social workers mainly play the roles of mentor, enabler, consultant and coordinator in pension institutions. They use nostalgia and life review skills to establish a relationship of mutual trust and help the elderly solve their current difficulties. In group work, they should make full preparations, pay attention to the feelings and behaviors of each group member, let each group member participate in it, and guide the group members to express their true feelings. There is a shortage of social workers in old-age care institutions, so case work can't take care of every elderly person, and group work can only stay in entertainment and exchange activities, and it is impossible to establish professional services such as support groups, treatment groups and incentive groups that can better enhance the ability and self-confidence of the elderly.

(B) the plight of social work for the elderly

1, empathy phenomenon

In the process of implementing social work for the elderly, social workers tend to have empathy for the elderly, excessive sympathy for the case owner or feelings beyond the working relationship, which affects the actual implementation effect of social work and causes deviation in judging the physical and mental status of the elderly.

2. Economic factors

The restriction of economic development level limits the development and progress of social work for the aged. In the specific implementation process, the development of social work services is bound, and it can only stay at a lower level of old-age services, and it cannot provide more help or development resources for the elderly. The limitation of economic support makes the development of social work for the elderly slow.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion

To some extent, the silver wave has brought about the influence on social stability and social age structure, but it has more promoted the development of social pension services. Institutional pension is the basic way of providing for the aged in China at present. In order to take into account the psychological and physical needs of the elderly, the intervention of social work is particularly important. Empowering the elderly is an important goal of social work. Cultivating the development motivation of the elderly and promoting their own continuous improvement and progress play an important role in solving the social contradictions caused by the current aging problem.

refer to

[1] Catherine? Mcginnis Dietrich. Social Work for the Elderly: Physical, Psychological and Social Assessment and Intervention [M]. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 2008.

[2] Zhang. Cases of social work for the disabled [M]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology Press, 20 10: 3.

[3] Wang Sibin. Acquisition and development of social work practice right ―― Taking the development of social work in earthquake relief schools as an example [J]. Xue Hai, 20 12.

[4] Mu Guangzong. On the development of the elderly ―― the basic framework of a successful aging strategy in the 21century [J]. Population Research, 2006(6).

Eriksson, e (1963). Childhood and society [M]. New york: Norton.

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