Building fire control facilities refer to the equipment and facilities such as automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler system and fire hydrant system installed on buildings (structures) to prevent and put out building fires. Commonly used are automatic fire alarm system, automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant system, gas fire extinguishing system, foam fire extinguishing system, dry powder fire extinguishing system, smoke control system and so on.

Building fire protection facilities are important facilities to ensure building fire safety and evacuation safety, and are an important part of modern buildings. Building fire protection facilities are mainly divided into two categories, one is fire extinguishing system, and the other is safe evacuation system. The operation, control and maintenance are carried out by the fire control room in the building, so that the fire control facilities of the building are always in a good and effective state and the fire safety of the building is guaranteed.

The legislation of building fire protection facilities in China started late, but it developed rapidly. In a series of fire protection technical regulations, such as "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" promulgated after 1987, it is stipulated that automatic fire protection facilities and fire control rooms are mandatory in some high-rise buildings, underground buildings and large buildings. In the past twenty years, it has played a great role in fighting building fires, effectively protecting the lives of citizens and the safety of state property.

The construction of building fire protection facilities in economically developed countries is relatively mature. For example, the United States legislated in 1904 to force modern buildings to install fire safety facilities. According to the statistics of national fire protection association, in recent 69 years, buildings with automatic fire-fighting facilities have caught fire, and the efficiency of fire-fighting facilities has reached 96. 1%. Really play a role in ensuring the fire safety of buildings.

But we can't help but see that there are serious deficiencies and hidden dangers in product quality, installation quality, maintenance and management of building fire protection facilities in urban buildings in China. The recent survey results in some cities in our province are shocking. The integrity rate of building fire protection facilities is less than 25%, especially the automatic alarm system, and the problem is particularly prominent. You know, building fire protection facilities can't play an effective role, which means that the building is undefended, which in itself is a big fire hazard. We must have a deep understanding of this and never take it lightly.

We must strengthen supervision, inspection and management, improve the integrity rate of building fire protection facilities, and ensure the personal safety of citizens and the fire safety of buildings. There are many kinds of building fire-fighting facilities. Here, we only refer to the inspection of the following seven kinds of building fire-fighting facilities commonly used in China:

(1) automatic alarm system.

Fire warning is very important. Modern buildings have installed automatic fire alarm systems. It is the nervous system of the building, which senses and receives the fire signal and gives an alarm in time. It is a competent watchman, giving people living and working in buildings a great sense of security.

Automatic alarm system is one of the most important fire-fighting facilities in modern buildings. According to the different fire alarms (probes), they are divided into smoke type, temperature type, light type and composite type to adapt to different places. After the fire alarm signal is confirmed, other fire extinguishing facilities and evacuation facilities will automatically start or notify the personnel on duty to ensure the safety of buildings and personnel.

Common problems in automatic alarm system;

1. The fire detector (probe) has been used for a long time. The life of domestic probes is generally about 30,000 hours (three and a half years), and the life of world-famous fire detectors can reach up to 60,000 hours (seven years). However, after more than ten years, some building alarm systems still don't replace, maintain or clean the probes, and the sensitivity of the detectors can't meet the needs of the work at all, and the fire information obtained can't be accurate, which may delay the alarm time and cause disasters, which is a big fire hazard.

2. Improper annual inspection of automatic alarm system. Some units can't adhere to the annual inspection, some detection methods are not standardized, and the test results lack reliability. (This responsibility inspection unit should bear it) Some units are perfunctory about the statutory annual inspection.

3. Some units are lax in the management of building fire protection facilities, and usually ignore the maintenance of automatic alarm system. Problems can't be repaired in time, and they run with diseases;

4. Some automatic alarm systems cannot be linked with fire extinguishing systems and other fire-fighting facilities, and the functions of fire-fighting facilities are defective. This phenomenon is very common in architecture in the late 1980s and 1990s.

5. Some units usually have insufficient personnel on duty in the fire control room, often one person a day, and the duty time exceeds 12 hours; There are less than two people on duty. Do not fill in the duty record carefully.

6. There is something wrong with the fire power supply, which can't guarantee that the automatic alarm system will automatically switch to continue working in case of power failure.

7. When the building fire protection facilities are updated, or the configuration is increased, and the equipment is updated, the design is unreasonable and cannot be linked with other systems of the original equipment.

8, automatic alarm system to give up use, do not apply for not to report, automatically invalid. This situation is not small, and it is a major fire hazard.

9. The automatic alarm system did not establish a complete operating procedure and did not operate according to the operating procedure. Some units did not guarantee the 24-hour monitoring of the fire control room, and even opened and closed at work.

How to conduct on-site inspection

First, check the duty record of the fire control room to check the maintenance of the automatic alarm system and the cleaning and replacement of the fire detector.

Two, check the annual inspection certificate of building fire protection facilities in the current year and the previous year;

Third, check whether the fire alarm handling operation procedures are sound, and ask the personnel on duty about the equipment functions and operation procedures of the automatic alarm system.

Four, check whether the automatic alarm system installation technical data is complete (including construction, completion acceptance, equipment maintenance and transformation of all kinds of information).

Five, check the emergency operation of automatic alarm system, (for example, in the case of sudden power failure and water cut). Check whether the personnel on duty can skillfully operate the control device of automatic fire-fighting facilities, master the fire alarm processing procedures and skillfully use various call communication tools in the face of various settings.

Six, let the attendant actual operation, check the following functions of automatic alarm system, (or part of it)

1, alarm self-checking function of the controller;

2. Mute and reset functions;

3. Fault alarm function;

4. Fire priority function;

5. Alarm memory function;

6, power automatic conversion function;

7, shielding, isolation equipment function;

8. Detector alarm function;

9. Manual fire alarm button function;

10, fire accident broadcasting function.

1 1, linkage function with other fire control facilities, etc.

(2) Automatic sprinkler system

Automatic sprinkler system is the most commonly used automatic fire extinguishing facility in China, which is widely installed in buildings of public gathering places. The automatic sprinkler system is very effective in putting out the initial fire without anyone, which greatly improves the safety performance of the building. It is of great significance to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of automatic sprinkler system.

Common problems of spray system:

1, the fire water pressure of automatic sprinkler system is low, which can't meet the pressure requirements of automatic sprinkler system; Some automatic sprinkler systems have no pressure stabilizing equipment and cannot meet the water pressure demand of higher floors.

2. The spray pump is not connected to the fire power distribution line, or there is no standby pump, and some fire water sources can not meet the water level requirements for the self-priming start of the spray pump.

3. The alarm valve group has no sign indicating the system name and protected area, and the water flow indicator has no sign.

4. The pipeline of spray system is corroded and leaked; Not marked with red and white; There is no nameplate for pipeline and valve maintenance.

5, failed to adhere to the regular terminal water test, or no test data. Some floor systems have no end drains, and some have no drainage facilities.

6, nozzle blockage, valve corrosion, pipeline leakage phenomenon can not be timely maintenance.

How to conduct on-site inspection:

1, check the function of alarm valve group on site to see whether the pressure of pressure gauge before and after the valve is consistent, and whether there is drainage facilities at the water testing valve; After testing the water, whether the delay device, hydraulic alarm bell and pressure switch act and whether the spray pump is started in time.

2. Start the fire pump and spray pump in the fire pump room, and test the manual and automatic modes respectively.

3. Linkage function of terminal water detection system;

4. Check the working state of the pressure stabilizing pump of the pressure stabilizing system.

5. Automatic alarm function test of pre-action alarm valve. Testing of inflation and exhaust system.

(3) Fire partition system

It is very important to check the fire zone of public gathering places. Good and effective fire zone facilities will ensure that the fire spread is effectively controlled when a fire breaks out. In the past, when we checked the fire safety, we often neglected to check the fire partition facilities in the building and learned a lot. During inspection, attention should be paid not only to horizontal separation, but also to vertical fire separation measures.

Common problems in fire partition system;

1, the understanding of building fire partition is wrong, and the concept that fire partition is a space is not recognized. Management attaches great importance to plane separation facilities, but not enough attention to longitudinal separation measures, such as fire blocking between upper and lower floors; For the space short circuit caused by stairs between floors, the pipeline wells in high-rise buildings did not pay attention to sealing measures. There are too many such lessons.

2. sundries or counters are piled up under the fire shutter, which affects the take-off and landing;

3. The fire door is deformed and the fire window is damaged, which affects the separation function;

4, ventilation pipes, air conditioning pipes, smoke exhaust pipe system without or lack of fire damper, or fire damper failure.

5. Normally open or normally closed fire doors and fire shutters have not been kept in the design position for a long time. Automatic control solenoid valve is faulty or invalid.

6. The fire door group has no closed sequencer or is damaged or invalid.

How to conduct on-site inspection:

1. Check the fire doors, windows and firewalls on site for deformation, damage, corrosion and failure.

2, on-site inspection of high-rise building pipeline well plugging;

3. Check the fire dampers of ventilation and air conditioning system and smoke exhaust system for damage, corrosion, deformation and failure.

4, check the glass curtain wall between the window wall and windowsill wall fire blocking.

5. Check whether the fire separation facilities between the floors of the site and the atrium space are in good condition and effective.

6, fire shutter detection includes:

Detecting the alarm function of shutter single control box; Detecting the manual control function of the shutter single control box; On-site start and remote start functions of shutter, process start and automatic on-site operation. Operate the shutter manual quick release function on site, and check the shutter water curtain protection device.

(4) Smoke control and extraction partition system and smoke control and extraction equipment system,

The function of smoke prevention zoning system and smoke control and extraction system is to limit the period of high-temperature toxic smoke in a certain range in time and quickly discharge it to the outside once a building fire breaks out. Limit the spread of fire, provide fresh air for fire exits, and prevent the invasion of high temperature and toxic smoke. It is very important to ensure the safety of fire survivors. It is particularly important for buildings in public gathering places, and regular maintenance and inspection are needed to ensure that the functions of smoke prevention zoning system and smoke control and extraction system are intact and effective.

Common problems of smoke control system;

1, the location of smoke prevention facilities should be set, and smoke prevention hanging walls and other facilities are not set. No smoking area can be formed. Or the smoke vertical wall fails.

2, positive pressure blower, exhaust fan can't regularly check the operation, the intact rate is very low.

3. The destruction of the air supply outlet of the smoke-proof stairwell is very common in all buildings.

4. The remote start-up and linkage operation of these systems in the fire control room are not synchronous and cannot be linked.

5. The smoke exhaust window at the height of natural smoke exhaust is rusted or inconvenient to operate.

How to conduct on-site inspection:

Conduct the following tests at the site and the fire control room to check the working state of the whole system.

1, start the air supply unit on site; Start the blower remotely; Automatically start the blower;

2. Start the positive pressure air supply system and check whether the air supply outlet (valve) is normal and effective;

3. Start the on-site smoke exhaust fan; Start the smoke exhaust fan remotely; Automatically start the exhaust fan. Check whether the fire dampers of air conditioning system and ventilation system can be self-locked.

4. Whether the manual opening and resetting of the smoke outlet (valve) is normal and effective;

5. Check and test the smoke-proof vertical wall; (Automatic and Manual modes)

6. Linkage test function of detection system. Give the signal of a certain area to see whether the functions of fire separation facilities (fire doors, fire windows, fire shutters, fire valves, etc.) are normal. ) is in good condition and effective.

7, check in place, pay attention to the presence of obstacles blocking the smoke outlet and hinder hanging smoke wall activities.

8. Check whether the smoke exhaust window at high places is flexible and easy to use, and whether the operation is convenient.

(5) Indoor fire hydrant system

Indoor fire hydrant system is the most common building fire extinguishing facility, with simple operation and good fire extinguishing effect. However, from the inspection of public gathering places, the situation is not optimistic and there are many problems. The integrity rate of indoor fire hydrant system is very low, and it can no longer play a role in case of fire. We must attach great importance to the inspection as an important part of fire supervision and inspection, so that the indoor fire hydrant system can fully play its role.

Frequently asked questions:

1, the lower water pressure of the high-rise building exceeds 0.4Mp, and there is no decompression device; This has brought great problems to the use, and the pressure of operation and use is too great, which is easy to cause accidents.

2. The water gun, hose, interface, fire reel (hose) and other equipment in fire hydrant box are missing or incomplete, and the water pump start button fails;

3. The water supply pressure is insufficient, which can not meet the requirements of enriching the water column with a water gun. Affect fire rescue.

4. The equipment in fire hydrant box is rusted, the hose is moldy, and the valve is rusted and cannot be opened;

5, water pump adapter failure, failure.

How to conduct on-site inspection:

1, check the fire water pressure with fire hydrant water gun (directly inserted into the drain pipe) on site;

2. The start button in fire hydrant box starts the fire pump;

3. Check whether the guns, belts, interfaces, layering, valves and reels in the fire hydrant box are complete and easy to use.

4. Check the check valve and pressure reducing valve in the indoor fire hydrant system for valve corrosion; The hose is free from damage and mildew.

(6) Portable fire extinguishers and cart fire extinguishers

Portable fire extinguisher and cart fire extinguisher are the most effective fire extinguishing equipment in early building fires, which are convenient to use and easy to master. It is the most common fire fighting equipment in public gathering places. He has many types. Respectively applicable to different types of fires. Ensuring the effective use of fire extinguishers is a necessary condition to put out the initial fire.

Checking all kinds of fire extinguishers is an important part of our inspection of public gathering places. It is necessary to master the contents and key points of inspection and the configuration calculation of fire extinguishers in different places.

Existing problems:

1, the quantity is insufficient, and the type of fire extinguishers does not match the type of environmental fire in the workplace;

2. The fire extinguisher has expired; No pressure gauge, or insufficient pressure;

The fire extinguisher is directly exposed to the sun in hot summer, which may cause an explosion. Fire extinguishers stored outdoors in cold winter may lead to failure.

The fire extinguisher is locked in the fire extinguisher box, which is inconvenient to take.

5. The configured fire extinguishers are all fake and shoddy products from informal manufacturers or illegally maintained fire extinguishers.

How to conduct on-site inspection:

1, check whether the fire extinguisher is placed in an appropriate environment and whether there is a fire extinguisher that is incompatible with the set point at the same time; (e.g. dry powder and foam, ABC dry powder and BC dry powder)

2. According to the danger level, check whether the number of fire extinguishers is enough and whether the selection of fire extinguishers in the place is appropriate;

3. Whether the fire extinguisher is corroded, expired or under pressure;

4. Whether it is convenient to access. Whether the fire extinguisher is a national certified product, and whether it is certified and maintained by the manufacturer.

(7) Gas fire extinguishing system and foam automatic fire extinguishing system:

Gas fire extinguishing system is a relatively advanced fire extinguishing system, which requires a large investment. Generally, it is set in advanced places that need local space protection, and also involves public gathering places, such as museums, large libraries, ethnic ancient buildings and other places.

Foam automatic fire extinguishing systems are generally deployed in special parts such as laboratories, subways and hangars.

Frequently asked questions:

1, the fire extinguishing agent in the steel cylinder is expired or the pressure is insufficient; Cylinder group without standby fire extinguishing agent;

2. The starting cylinder pressure is insufficient.

3. The gas fire extinguishing system cannot be linked with the automatic alarm system, and the fire control room cannot remotely operate and control the gas fire extinguishing system.

4. In addition to the problem of expired foaming agent and fermentation, other problems (such as pipeline valves, etc. ) is similar to that in the spray system.

5. When spraying gas fire extinguishing system outside the protected space, there are no warning signs, warning lights and warning devices.

How to conduct on-site inspection:

1. Check the storage quantity, expiration date and pipeline pressure of gas extinguishing agent, and start the cylinder pressurization.

2. Check the sealing condition in the protective space, the pressure resistance of doors and windows, and the leakage caused by the large-area connection with the external space;

3, check the fire control room for gas fire extinguishing system control. Whether automatic control and manual control are normal;

4. The inspection contents of foam system and automatic sprinkler system are roughly the same. But pay attention to the validity period of foam extinguishing agent, whether it expires; Check whether the foam liquid is deteriorated, fermented and has peculiar smell; Or stored outdoors and exposed to the sun.

5. Whether the alarm lights and alarm bells in the protected space are in good condition, and whether the lighting of warning signs is in good condition;

6. The foam tank, mixer, foam gun, foam gun and other devices of the foam system shall be in good condition and effective.

The inspection and testing of building fire protection facilities should be patient and meticulous, not superficial, but carefully tested and recorded in detail. As the basis of maintenance testing.

With the development of science and technology, the building fire-fighting facilities are constantly updated. Whether the new facilities can be well integrated with the old facilities can not be ignored. Many new facilities failed to solve the problem of integration with the original facilities after installation, which led to the paralysis of the whole system. Pay attention to this problem when you encounter equipment update during inspection.

Some buildings have many fire-fighting facilities, so it is difficult to check them at one time. The remaining facilities can be checked at the next inspection.

The maintenance and inspection of building fire protection facilities is a long-term matter. To ensure the integrity and effectiveness of fire control facilities and fire safety of construction sites, we must be patient, responsible and meticulous. This is true for fire supervisors, and it should also be true for people engaged in the management of building fire control facilities.