(Jin, Jinyun Arts and Crafts School "Gu Yan Huaxiang" Campus)
Abstract: How to adapt to social needs is the key to the survival of vocational education. This paper discusses how to set up and develop commodity oil painting specialty in Jinyun Arts and Crafts School according to market demand. At the same time, it summarizes the experience of how to carry out teaching reform and specialty construction around the market.
[Keywords:] professional teaching and production combined with commodity oil painting
Marx said that "the mode of production of material life restricts the whole process of social life, political life and spiritual life" [Complete Works of Marx, Volume I, page 82, Central Compilation and Publishing House]. As a part of the whole material life, the nature and operation mode of education are also determined by social production. Vocational education, in particular, is more closely related to social production. At present, the "material life" with the socialist market economy as the core has formed a big environment for the development of education in China. The essential relationship between modern education and modern economy determines that vocational education must be in line with market economy. Vocational education must serve socialist economic construction in order to achieve rapid development and show its value and function. Therefore, facing the market and connecting with enterprises is the only way for the development of vocational schools. According to the needs of enterprises, determine the training specifications of students, reform the curriculum and teaching content of schools in time, and make the talents we cultivate play a full role in economic construction. Otherwise, there is no market for students, and it is even more impossible for schools to have a future. Jinyun Arts & Crafts School opened the specialty of commodity oil painting, followed the footsteps of the market from the beginning, and achieved certain results after more than ten years of development. It is highly valued and cared by leaders at all levels. At the same time, the employment of graduates is in short supply. On average, a graduate has several oil painting companies to choose from, and the employment situation is becoming increasingly tense. It is a miracle that many college students can't find jobs. Explain how important it is for schools and students to take the road of marketization. Whether the professional setting of vocational schools can change with the change of market and develop with the development of economy is the key to the survival of vocational schools. Because vocational education always faces two markets: the employment market and the student source market. When setting up and adjusting majors, we should not only consider students' problems, but also consider the job market and their way out. Therefore, there must be a vocational education concept that adapts to the market economy, which is not only the realistic requirement of the market economy for vocational education, but also the need for vocational education to survive and develop in the fierce market competition.
At the beginning of offering the specialty of commodity oil painting in Jinyun Arts and Crafts School, a lot of investigation work was done on the market. It provides a reliable basis for promoting graduates' employment and specialty setting. At the same time, explore a development path suitable for the local economic development level and the school's own reality. Then, how does Jinyun Arts and Crafts School set up majors according to the market, and how does it carry out teaching reform and major construction around the market? What's the experience in this? These are all questions worth discussing.
First, how to set up a major according to the market.
First of all, before setting up a major, we should fully conduct market research. Before setting up a major, any major should investigate and study its feasibility. 199 1 year, under the guidance of Lu Deqiang, the visionary old principal of Jinyun Arts and Crafts School (founder of Arts and Crafts School), teachers such as Jin visited Shenzhen, the earliest city that implemented reform and opening up at that time, and made investigations and studies. It is known that commercial oil painting is an oil painting reproduction technology imported from abroad since China's reform and opening up. Mainly sold to Europe, America and other parts of the world through international markets such as Hong Kong. Nowadays, commercial oil painting has a broad market prospect at home and abroad. With the improvement of national life and cultural quality in foreign markets, more and more people are moving from food and clothing to a well-off society, and quite a few of them have higher spiritual and material pursuits. Especially now, with the increase of holidays and public holidays, people have more time to seek spiritual pursuit, and art is undoubtedly the object that people are most concerned about. The domestic oil painting market will grow day by day. Because commodity oil painting connects art with market, it developed rapidly in China within 10 years. Such as Dafen Village in Shenzhen, Haicang in Zhejiang, Yiwu and other places, the commodity oil painting market has reached a considerable scale. Take Shenzhen Dafen as an example: Shenzhen Dafen Village, which is praised by local people as "the first oil painting village in China", was originally a small mountain village in the suburbs of Shenzhen. In just ten years, it created and occupied the whole world. Dafen Village exports more than 1 100 million yuan of commercial oil paintings every year. Through the development of Dafen Village oil painting market, it is not difficult to see that with the rapid development of the industry, the demand for painters in China oil painting industry is also growing. And the salary is good. I also learned that Hu, a 89th graduate of the former Arts and Crafts School, was engaged in commodity oil painting at 9 1, with a monthly salary of more than 3,000 yuan (the salary of teachers at that time was not higher than that of 200 yuan). At the same time, we also found that in the training of painters in China, it is basically a way for masters to take apprentices in painting factories. There are no schools in the country to train talents in this field, and the Academy of Fine Arts will not train painters. Then there is a gap in this kind of talent market. And the investment in setting up this major is not big. At that time, Mr. Lv Deqiang, the leader of arts and crafts school, and the teachers of oil painting specialty saw this reality with keen market vision. 1September, 1993, the specialty of commodity oil painting was formally established. After more than ten years of practical development, it is proved that this judgment is far-sighted.
Secondly, the professional setting must be forward-looking. Talent training must be market-oriented, and specialty setting must follow the development of the whole social situation. This requires an accurate analysis and prediction of the future economic development trend and future talent market demand, and provides a reliable basis for setting up majors in advance. Because the market changes rapidly, what is hot today may be unpopular tomorrow. If the specialty setting only considers the current market and fails to make a correct judgment on the future changes, then once the market needs to change, the trained students will not be able to adapt to the market and be eliminated, let alone professional development. Jinyun Institute of Arts and Crafts was fully aware of the above points before it started. In addition to research, it also makes a comprehensive analysis of the industry and fully understands and analyzes its development prospects. In fact, when we started this major more than ten years ago, the industry of commodity oil painting was still in the ascendant stage. With the improvement of people's living standards, this industry is showing its vitality more and more, and it is a real sunrise industry. So this major can be run for a long time. In recent years, the employment of oil painting major in Jinyun Arts and Crafts School is getting better every year, which fully proves this point.
Thirdly, the specialty setting should adapt to the local economy. The Outline of Education Reform and Development in China pointed out: "The development of vocational and technical education should meet the needs of local economic development." Then, the setting of vocational education majors should conform to the level of local economic development and promote local economic and social development. In addition, due to the imbalance of China's economic development and the characteristics of regional economy formed by natural conditions, it is also determined that vocational education can only have vitality and give full play to its function of serving economic construction if it meets the requirements of regional economy. Jinyun Arts and Crafts School is located in a mountainous area, which belongs to an economically underdeveloped area, and the local labor market price is low. How vocational education can serve the promotion of employment and re-employment, and the "three rural issues" is exactly what we have been thinking about. Since the 1990s, with the acceleration of economic construction, especially in special economic zones like Shenzhen, commodity oil painting factories have mushroomed, requiring a large number of talents. Now Lishui City is making every effort to build the "Ancient Weir Painting Township" project, and there is an urgent need for a large number of painters. Commodity oil painting industry is a labor-intensive industry, and the level of labor determines everything. Lishui is rich in local labor resources, with a relatively large rural population. Young students with junior high school education or above have a strong desire to get rich. The opening of this major just meets their wishes. I hope to get rich by painting commodity oil paintings. In recent years, many children of farmers who graduated from Jinyun Arts and Crafts School majoring in oil painting have become high earners. Practice has proved that this road is effective for rural children to get rid of poverty and become rich. For example, many of our schools have bought houses and settled in big cities, which can be said to be from "ravines" to "big cities". )。 A typical example is Zhao Yisheng, who graduated from arts and crafts school in 1995. After working in Songgang Oil Painting Factory for two years, I founded Shenzhen Songgang Fengyuan Craft Factory and set up processing factories all over the country with 2,300 employees. Now his products include wooden toys, foreign garden street signs, commercial oil paintings and so on. The annual output value is 20 million yuan. At the same time, in view of the fact that most students' parents are not well educated and have limited knowledge of this major, we hold regular parent-teacher conferences to invite outstanding graduates in the industry to "speak out", strengthen communication between schools and parents, and let them have a deeper understanding of the prospects of this major and dispel doubts about this industry. There are three elements in the cultivation of talents: schools, students and parents. How to make these three elements form an organic interaction is a problem that we have been exploring.
Finally, the specialty setting should be based on the characteristics of the school itself. There are two problems, one is the conditions and resources for running a school, and the other is an important way to reflect the characteristics of running a school. The setting of commodity oil painting specialty in Jinyun Arts and Crafts School has firmly grasped these two points. First of all, apart from studios and classrooms, commercial oil painting majors only need some simple facilities such as painting desks and fluorescent lamps to save investment, so art colleges can start with a little adjustment of existing resources. This is also an important reason why this major can be opened quickly and seize the market opportunity. It also fully embodies the principle of proceeding from reality. In addition, as an arts and crafts school, it also has a unique advantage to offer such a major as commodity oil painting. Moreover, the opening of this major has greatly improved the characteristics of running a school. In today's fierce market competition, characteristics can survive and develop. . Only by closely combining the needs of local economic construction and the reality of our own school, can we succeed by taking the road of talent training suitable for our own development and characteristics! The characteristic lies in accumulation and precipitation, and also in creation. As far as Jinyun Arts and Crafts School is concerned, it is difficult for us to train artists, but there is enough space to train technical and skilled talents or specific painters. The practice of these years shows that only by adhering to the characteristic line of proceeding from reality can we achieve today's achievements.
This paper reviews the course of setting up commodity oil painting specialty in arts and crafts schools according to the market, and how to carry out teaching reform and development of commodity oil painting specialty in arts and crafts schools around the market. This problem is also very important, because the development and construction of this major according to the market is the fundamental guarantee for this major to be invincible in the market. This will be discussed below.
Second, how to carry out teaching reform and professional development around the market
1, professional development should pay attention to the construction of teaching staff. The construction of teaching staff is the foundation of school construction, and new majors need new teachers. Many vocational schools will encounter such problems and ideas. For this problem, arts and crafts schools mainly take the following measures: using the existing teachers to transform, sending teachers to oil painting enterprises to study and train, absorbing nutrition from the production line, returning to school to sort out and summarize, and carrying out teaching in combination with the actual situation of our school. For example, Mr. Jin, a professional in oil painting, went to the oil painting industry for further study many times. The practical teaching of oil painting requires teachers to have not only theoretical knowledge of oil painting, but also strong practical skills, to understand the whole process of commercial oil painting production, and to have "double-qualification", which plays a very important role in the development of the profession. In addition, we also employ technicians to strengthen the connection between teaching and the market. Specialty construction should be in line with the market, and school-enterprise combination should be implemented. The school hired oil painting technicians with many years of production experience to return to school to teach, study oil painting teaching together with school teachers, and carry out teaching and research activities. For example, the arts and crafts school hired Wang Haiyong, Wang and Zhu, who have worked for many years, to return to school to teach. Greatly promoted and accelerated the development of commodity oil painting specialty.
2. Career development needs to form an interactive relationship with market information. The development of commodity oil painting specialty needs to constantly adjust itself with the development of the market, such as curriculum and reform. The commodity oil painting major of Jinyun Arts and Crafts School often communicates with the market. On the one hand, strengthen the employment management of commodity oil painting graduates and communicate with the market through the employment network. The employment situation of students can directly reflect the professional development and make timely adjustments to better meet the market demand for talents. For example, through students' "sending pictures back to school" activities, lectures by outstanding graduates, market information and quotations are collected. On the other hand, taking students to visit oil painting enterprises such as "Ancient Weir Painting Township" can not only increase their knowledge, but also provide more information for professional development. So as to provide a basis for career development orientation. At the same time, while paying attention to students' practical skills courses, we also pay attention to cultivating students' artistic and cultural qualities. Because in the commodity oil painting market, the price of high-grade line drawings with certain cultural taste is far above that of ordinary replicas. Then paying attention to cultivating students' artistic quality and cultural quality is also for the better development of students in the future. To this end, we have specially set up courses such as a brief history of eastern and western art and appreciation of famous oil painters. Our goal of cultivating students is to have both skilled practical skills and certain quality. Then our graduates will be more competitive and have more development potential than those who are only trained in painting factories.
3. Professional development needs the establishment of school-running mode. The development of any major needs to establish an effective school-running model. At the same time, the establishment of school-running mode should not proceed from subjective desire, but from the reality of students' employment, in other words, from the market. After long-term research and exploration, we have created a school-running mode with the characteristics of arts and crafts schools, specifically, two characteristics: "combination of production and education" and "internship":
(1) Implement the teaching mode of "combining teaching with production". Zhou Ji, Minister of National Education, pointed out at the National Vocational Education Work Conference that "we should vigorously strengthen the construction of characteristic majors and actively carry out school-enterprise cooperation". During the period of running a school, the specialty of commodity oil painting in our school implemented the "combination of teaching and production" to promote teaching with production, and achieved good economic and social benefits. For example, our school cooperates with Shenzhen Songgang Fengyuan Craft Factory to make orders. In 2000, more than 6,000 paintings of flower baskets and fruits were completed; in 2002, more than 6,000 paintings of Christmas snow scenes/kloc-0 were completed; and in 2003, 30,000 paintings of glass were completed. The combination of production and teaching in our school has been highly valued and supported by leaders at all levels of society. In 2000, it was highly valued by the Jinyun County Science and Technology Commission, and allocated 20,000 yuan of special funds for the research of this subject. After several years of hard work, we have achieved fruitful results. Jiang, director of Lishui County Education Bureau, is very concerned about the implementation of the "combination of production and education" in our school. I went to the school for guidance many times and wrote a research report specially, which was promoted in vocational schools in the city. In June 2003, under the guidance of Director Jiang, our school's project report "Practice and Research on the Mode of Combination of Industry and Learning" comprehensively summarized the implementation process of "Combination of Industry and Learning" and won the first prize of the first vocational education project evaluation in Lishui City.
(2) Strengthen the reform of social practice course-implement on-the-job practice. In today's society, the competition among industries is fierce, so vocational education must be market-oriented, open to running schools, linked with enterprises and combined with schools and enterprises. Only in this way can graduates be more competitive in their future jobs. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish an off-campus practice teaching base in enterprises. Organize students to practice in oil painting enterprises at different levels regularly to improve their employment competitiveness. In order to let students find jobs after graduation, it is necessary to practice for all students while they are at school. Using the practice method of grading and gradually improving each student every winter and summer vacation: step one, carry out basic practice for first-year students to master the process and basic operation skills of making oil paintings as oil painters; The second step is to improve the practical ability of students who have participated in basic practice, requiring students to master the production process of oil painting, various techniques and the whole process of oil painting production, supply and sales. At the same time, students can earn a certain income by working and studying. Wu, Vice Minister of Education, pointed out at the 2006 National Conference on Vocational Education that students should actively receive vocational education through work-study programs. Internship and part-time job are of great significance to solve the tuition and living expenses of students with financial difficulties. In the process of working in our school, many students earned tuition and living expenses. For example, in the summer of 2006, 03 oil painting class took part in a one-month work in the school. While applying what they learned to production practice, each student received an average economic reward from 900 yuan. Among them, Li Jie's income was as high as 1987 yuan. Therefore, for the school, working in the post can also reduce the financial burden of parents, thus preventing the flow of students and stabilizing students.
Third, set up and develop professional achievements according to market demand.
After more than ten years' development, at present, the commodity oil painting major of Jinyun Arts and Crafts School has built a team of teachers with profound market awareness and practical ability. A complete student internship system and employment network have been established. , has achieved fruitful results. To sum up, there are the following points:
1, valued by leaders, actively participated in the construction of "Ancient Weir Painting Township". In September, 2005, in response to the call of Lishui Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government to create "hometown of art, romantic city and leisure capital", the commodity oil painting major of Jinyun Arts and Crafts School was invited to formally establish the "Gu Yan Painting Township" branch of Jinyun Arts and Crafts School in Lishui Liandu.
2. Integration with the market, school-enterprise integration and "combination of production and education" have achieved initial results. In order to meet the needs of practical teaching of commodity oil painting specialty, training bases such as Hongye International Gift Co., Ltd., Bomei Painting Workshop and Fengyuan Craft Factory have been established. Some time ago, the on-the-job training of students in these off-campus training bases went smoothly with good results.
3. Graduates are in short supply. Since the opening of commodity oil painting specialty, the demand for graduates is in short supply. In recent years, every oil painting graduate has more than a dozen manufacturers and companies to choose from, and the treatment is good. Such as Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing, Zhao Yiqing. Now I buy houses in Guangzhou and Xiamen respectively, and have been engaged in commodity oil painting for a long time, with a monthly income of more than 8000- 10000 yuan.
Fourth, look ahead.
At present, the Lishui Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government are making every effort to build the "Ancient Weir Painting Township" project, which is a well-known national characteristic cultural park, the main production base of middle and high-grade line paintings in the Yangtze River Delta and the original line painting distribution center, and will rise in Dagang Head, Liandu, Lishui City. With the development of "Ancient Weir Painting Town" and the increase of investment attraction, more and more painting factories and workshops will settle here, and the demand for painters will also rise. Jinyun Arts and Crafts School "Gu Yan Painting Township" is a rare new force in the construction of "Gu Yan Painting Township" and shoulders the heavy responsibility of cultivating painters for "Gu Yan Painting Township". At the same time, in this process, we will certainly speed up our own development and make great progress. What's more gratifying is that the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government put forward the idea of building a brand of "Green Valley Painter". We believe that the branch of Jinyun Arts and Crafts School "Gu Yan Painting Township" will make due contributions to building a "Green Valley Painter" and driving one's economy.
References:
The Complete Works of Marx Volume 65438 +0 Central Compilation Press
Vocational education under the condition of socialist market economy China Economic Science Press.
Thoughts and Practice of Running Vocational Middle School of Jiangxi University Press
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