It is a principle of dialectics to analyze problems from the viewpoint of connection. Can make people avoid one-sidedness and superficiality in argument. In order to cultivate students' dialectical thinking ability, teachers should consciously design multi-concept composition questions and guide students to analyze and reason with comprehensive and relevant viewpoints. For example, the college entrance examination essay topic "Trees, Forests and Climate" is an essay topic that can trigger and train students' dialectical thinking. The starting point of writing this composition is to study the relationship between the three concepts in the topic. "Tree" and "forest" are the same kind, which is the relationship between individuals and groups. One tree or several trees can't affect the climate. Forest and climate are the relationship between conditions and results. Trees, forests and climate not only have a positive impact, but also have a reverse relationship, that is, climate in turn affects the growth of trees and the formation of forests. When writing, put it into practice and connect with similar social phenomena, such as "individual, collective, society" and "students, classes and schools". Clarify the relationship between concepts and the problem will be thoroughly analyzed. As long as we attach importance to the dialectical thinking value of such topics and consciously guide students to actively carry out dialectical thinking, students' thinking will be smooth and activated.
Second, design multi-angle composition exercises to train students' divergent thinking ability.
"Looking horizontally, the ridge edge becomes a peak, and the distance is different." Divergent thinking is a way of thinking to find a variety of methods or solutions to problems and think about problems from different angles and directions. It can spread a lot of novel and unique information and produce new knowledge, assumptions and conclusions. The key to designing multi-angle composition exercises is to actively induce students to think about problems with multi-ideas, multi-directions, multi-levels and multi-results. In the composition class, you can contact the lesson "There is more than one correct answer to things" that you have learned, so that students can clearly understand the importance of multi-directional thinking and then turn to training. If you have any feelings about the fable of "making up a few things at random", you might as well think from many angles. In addition to Mr. Nanguo's self-deception and muddle through, from Qi Xuanwang's point of view, we can explain the disadvantages of bureaucracy and pot rice; From qi? From Wang's point of view, it can explain the importance of establishing assessment standards to distinguish good from bad. Regular multi-directional thinking training can broaden students' thinking and stimulate divergent points. The more differences, the smoother their thinking.
Third, design anti-Italian composition exercises to train students' reverse thinking ability.
Reverse thinking is an innovative way of thinking that deviates from conventional thinking and is more in line with the psychological characteristics of junior high school students. In training, teachers should design anti-meaning composition exercises. "Anti-meaning" means understanding things from the opposite side and analyzing problems. For example, make an analysis of the characters that is contrary to the usual evaluation, and use some idioms, aphorisms, proverbs, etc. In the opposite direction, imagine the movements of the characters in the opposite direction, and so on. For example, when discussing the Cao Gui debate, you can choose "What's wrong with the meat eater?" This sentence reflects the reverse thinking, and puts forward the viewpoint that "I dare not forget to worry about my country" to reflect the value of Cao Gui spirit. For another example, after studying Kong Yiji, students can be inspired to imagine Kong Yiji's fate after winning the bid and write an article about Kong Yiji's winning the bid according to Kong Yiji's social environment, identity, status and personality. Guided students to play the pipa with the arguments of "always walking by the river without wet shoes", and wrote papers such as "always walking by the river without wet shoes", "opening books may not be beneficial" and "always walking by the river without wet shoes". While everyone is praising the fresh air of heavy snow and everything is blowing open the petals of ten thousand pear trees, some students can boldly accuse the heavy snow of covering up the truth, goodness, beauty and falsehood. This kind of reverse thinking should be greatly praised. Under the guidance of this kind of thinking, the articles written are novel, refreshing and often innovative. However, it is necessary to prevent students' words from being too extreme, otherwise they will go to extremes.
Fourth, design analogical composition exercises to train students' lateral thinking ability.
The characteristic of analogical composition practice is that it can guide students to extend their thinking tentacles to similar and related things according to the problem situation, conduct analogical analysis, and make new discoveries. For example, when studying Hu Shi's My Mother, you can design composition training on the same topic, so it is not easy to write about your mother, and the words are not added. The key is that teachers should guide students to pay attention to the arrangement of structure and the use of emotional language besides praising their mothers and expressing their respect. For another example, guide students to understand the characteristics of some animals and plants, tap their symbolic meanings, contact people with similar qualities, and write "Praise of Bees", "Ode to Grass" and "Spirit of Cattle". In fact, Ailian and Wisteria Falls are excellent examples of using lateral thinking.
Fifth, design novel and open composition exercises to cultivate students' creative thinking ability.
Cultivating students' innovative spirit and innovative thinking habits is one of the important goals of school education under the new situation. Cultivating students' creative thinking in composition training is to guide students to develop rich imagination and make them have fantastic ideas in composition practice. Think what others didn't expect and say what others didn't say. In order to write innovative articles, the choice of writing angle, the establishment of the starting point of conception and the choice of expression are all very important.
1. Create situations and stimulate desires. Its methods include "fantasy method" and "association method". For example, writing "I love XXX" can be associated with candles, paving stones, spring silkworms and so on through chalk and its functions. "Rendering" means using music, pictures or language to stimulate feelings and cause * * * sounds. Such as writing "My Lovely Hometown" and playing songs "Hometown Love" and "Who says my hometown is good" to arouse students' love for their hometown.
2. Instruct students to extract materials creatively. You can not only extract materials in activities, but also guide observation and extract materials, and you can also extract materials in extracurricular reading.
3. Guide students to write creatively, especially writing skills, such as beginning and end, structural arrangement, language use, theme establishment, etc. Guide students to break away from convention, try boldly, be different and have personality.
Sixth, design multi-material composition exercises to train students' collective thinking ability.
Convergent thinking is actually a way of thinking that seeks the same direction from many materials. There are many kinds of composition questions, which can train students' collective thinking ability. For example, select materials that can prove a certain argument from a group of materials, give two or three materials, set up a center to write papers, and write an outline for rich articles. This kind of practice can often train students' divergent thinking ability and also train their convergent thinking ability. Because sometimes the materials provided seem irrelevant, only by fully thinking about each material can we find their connection points. The value of multi-material composition training lies in making students master the essentials of various complex things, teaching students to learn to summarize and analyze, cultivating the spirit of active inquiry, cultivating their ability and mastering the law.
Of course, composition practice is not limited to training students' way of thinking. When students have a variety of abilities, teachers should try their best to design and train students to use a variety of ways of thinking to analyze and explain. When students' thinking machines are running fast, they think in their heads, and their words naturally flow between their lips and teeth. Writing is convenient and handy, which not only develops students' potential, but also improves students' Chinese literacy, which embodies the instrumentality and convenience of Chinese subject.