1 Main serve and serve rules in different periods
Throughout the development history of serve, every time the rules of serve are revised, it is because of the new development of table tennis technology, which has caused great threat to opponents, thus reducing the antagonism and appreciation of the game and making new situations in the game activities. Table tennis has been in service since the second half of the19th century. However, because the equipment used at that time was very different from that used now, it was impossible to serve a ball with a certain speed and rotating quality. So the rules don't have too many restrictions on serving. With the appearance of sponge bat in 1950s, the rotation of the serve has developed from a single rubber backspin to a strong side topspin and side backspin. Then came the "squatting" joint logistics, which was influenced by the joint logistics force, with strong rotation and greater threat. After the 28th World Table Tennis Championships, the ITTF revised the rules, stipulating that the thrown ball can only be hit if it falls from the highest point, so it is considered that the combined service is not legal serve. In the 1960s, with the development of table tennis, the quality of serving was greatly improved, and more attention was paid to the rotation and speed of serving, and high throwing service began to appear. However, because it does not pose a great threat to the receiver, the rules do not impose too many restrictions on these new serve techniques. In 1970s, there was a new development in the first three-board technique in China, and there was a major breakthrough in the service technique. In particular, the technique of high throw service has been further developed and innovated, which enables it to serve balls with different rotations and landing points in the same position with similar techniques. This technique has been widely adopted by athletes all over the world, and the service gradually poses a threat to the receiver. In the 1980s, the concealment and threat of service became more and more prominent. In particular, athletes make full use of the imperfections or loopholes in the service rules and use various means to make the game difficult for the audience to understand and the players to master. For example, when serving, the racket with the same color but different performance is used to "reverse" and "block", and the serve is stamped, so that the opponent can't judge what kind of cover to use to hit the ball, and the receiver becomes "blind" and "deaf" at the moment of receiving the ball, which makes the serve effect reach the point of public outcry in table tennis. In order to reduce the "concealment, suddenness and threat" of serving and make table tennis ornamental, the ITTF has made a "revolution" to the rules. It is required that the colors of both sides of the racket must be different, and the racket must always be higher than the level of the table when serving; Don't stamp your feet when serving; When hitting the ball, the distance between the ball and the net cannot be farther than the distance between the body and the net.
2 1 century, table tennis has been at its peak, and all kinds of playing techniques are close to the extreme, so it is difficult to make a big breakthrough. In order to push table tennis to the society and the market, the competition will become more intense and exciting. ITTF has carried out a series of reforms, such as expanding the scope; Shorten scores and smooth service. The service technique has been restricted as never before, and the threat of service has been reduced to a minimum.
2 Three elements to improve service quality
From the evolution history of service rules, the revision of service rules in each period is to minimize the threat brought by services. Therefore, in order to fundamentally improve the service quality, so that the opponent can "eat" the service even if he can see the rotation of the ball clearly, it is necessary to enhance the internal technical quality of the service, and the standard to measure the service quality mainly depends on the cooperation of the service speed, rotation and landing point.
2. 1 Strengthen the change of service rotation. The rotation of table tennis has been paid more and more attention in modern table tennis technology. First of all, touching the ball with a proper part of the racket is conducive to enhancing the rotation of the ball. For example, when the forehand serve is backspin, the left side of the racket face touches the ball to produce strong rotation; On the other hand, it is difficult to create rotation. Secondly, strengthening friction is the key to manufacturing rotation. Friction means that the line of action is far from the center of the ball, but the thinner the better. If it is too thin, it will cause the ball to slip on the racket face. So when hitting the ball, let the racket "eat" the ball first, and then increase the friction of the ball.
2.2 Control the impact point of the ball. Controlling the change of the service landing point is a main link in the service, and the service landing point must be combined with length, light and heavy, and left and right. If you only serve the short ball without the cooperation of the long ball, even if the service is shorter, it is difficult to pose a threat to your opponent. Therefore, it is necessary to use the same technique to serve balls with different landing points and rotating properties.
2.3 improve the ball speed. When serving, the speed of the ball is related to the speed of the racket and the force on the ball when the racket touches the ball. On the basis of wiping the ball, the greater the explosive force when touching the ball, the higher the service quality. So we should make full use of the shot put, just like the run-up. You must have a certain swing time. Give full play to the strength of forearm, upper arm, wrist, waist and legs while having a certain throwing height. Maximize swing speed, maximize rotation and speed.
3 service training requirements and training methods
3, 1 Be persistent. Serving training is rather boring and can't be practiced overnight. It needs to be accumulated through long-term training. To practice serving well, we should not only fully understand the function of serving, but also cultivate our interest in serving from an early age. Only when we have a strong interest in service can we persistently think and study it.
3.2 Understand the spirit of serving rules. Quality service must be standardized, especially youth sports, and the rules, especially the main points of the rules, must be understood and infiltrated. There are many kinds of serve violations, the common ones are: not holding hands, not kicking off and not leveling; When pitching, don't shoot under the table; The pitch height is less than 16 cm, etc. However, at present, more violations are blocking serve. In order to serve smoothly, it is required that the server's hand should leave the area between the server's body and the net immediately after serving. Therefore, in the service training, we should pay attention to correcting the illegal service technique, especially to avoid the phenomenon of blocking the opponent with body, arms and clothes when serving forehand.
3.3 Establish a correct concept. Before serving practice, let players know the relationship between the rotation, landing point and speed of the ball, help players understand the characteristics of various services, and clarify various service methods and technical essentials. The ball should have the characteristics of heavy strength, awkward landing point, strong rotation and fast speed as much as possible.
3.4 Service training methods
3.4. 1 multi-ball training. This is the most basic training method in serve training, which is very effective in exploring the law of serve and improving the quality of serve.
3.4.2 High-level players sparring. Serving and receiving are a pair of complementary techniques, and mutual training has the best effect. If the receiver has a strong catching ability and a high level, it will be more conducive to the server to improve his serving skills as soon as possible. And under the guidance of high-level service recipients, you can practice a certain link of service technology and break through a certain difficulty.
3.5 Match Jackie Chan and refine a set. In order to make a certain service work, there must be supportive intervention and cooperation. For example, a strong backspin should be matched with a non-rotating ball; Short balls should be matched with long balls. A set of services should be as diverse as possible, including speed, rotation and landing point. However, in training, it is required to be "fine". According to one's own specialties, master one or two kinds of technically refined and high-quality services, and avoid being greedy and cheap and unskilled.
3.6 Improve and innovate service technology to adapt to the new rules. The new serve rules do not completely deny all the original serve techniques, such as squat serve, backhand low throw serve and backhand high throw serve. These techniques can be extended or improved and innovated. Especially the backhand high throw serve, because the hitting position of the backhand serve is in front of the server's body, it is easier to adapt to the requirements of the new rules. The high throw serve can speed up the speed of the ball and increase the strength of the ball, thus increasing the rotation of the ball. Therefore, it is obviously beneficial to pay attention to the research and innovation of backhand high throw service technology.