Obstacle analysis and policy thinking of China's export trade to EU.

Abstract On the basis of expounding the development of China's export trade to the EU in recent years and the current export commodity structure, this paper analyzes the main obstacles to the development of China's export trade to the EU, and puts forward some suggestions on promoting the development of China's export trade to the EU.

[Keywords:] China EU export trade development obstacles analysis policy thinking

The European Union, the European Union, was officially renamed as the European Union on June 1 993165438+1October1. At that time, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Denmark, Ireland, Britain, Greece, Spain and Portugal. On May 1 0, 2004, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Cyprus, Malta and other Central and Eastern European countries formally joined 10, forming a * * * common market including 25 countries within the EU, becoming the largest economic group in the world, and replacing China from that year on. With the accession of 5438+1 October1Bulgaria and Romania in June 2007, the economic and trade relations between the EU and China will become closer and closer.

First, the structure of China's exports to the EU.

1. The development of China's exports to the EU. Although the development of China-EU trade relations has experienced ups and downs in history, it has generally shown a trend of sustained and rapid growth, and the bilateral trade volume has increased year by year. When China established diplomatic relations with the predecessor of the European Union 1975, the trade volume between the two sides was only 2.4 billion US dollars. From 1995, China-EU import and export trade showed an accelerated growth process, and the export growth rate was faster than the import growth rate. In 2004, the bilateral trade volume between China and Europe reached1772.9 billion US dollars, of which the total export volume reached10716 billion US dollars, up 36.9% year-on-year, accounting for 18 1% of the total foreign trade export volume in that year. In 2005, the export volume was 1437. 1 billion USD, up by 34.1%year-on-year; In 2006, the total export volume reached 1.8 1.98 billion US dollars, up 26.6% year-on-year. With the accession of 5438+1 October1Bulgaria and Romania in June 2007, the economic and trade relations between the EU and China will become closer and closer.

2. The structure of China's exports to the EU. China's exports to the EU are mainly labor-intensive products, mainly textiles and electromechanical products, with low added value and relatively simple product structure. From June to August, 2006, China's textile and clothing exports to the EU (25 countries) totaled US$ 654.38+0.446 billion, up 654.38+0.9% year-on-year. Even though the export ratio of high-tech products is significant, the quality is low, mainly concentrated in relatively labor-intensive links, with little added value. The main products exported are parts of the main products, and the main products are rarely exported.

Second, the main obstacles to the development of China's export trade to the EU

Although China's export trade to the EU has made great progress, it still faces some obstacles, not only from the EU, but also from China.

1. Technical barriers to trade. The economic and technological strength of EU countries is generally strong, so EU countries are the first countries to recognize and study the technical barriers to trade in international trade, and they are also the countries with the most serious technical barriers to trade. The survey shows that TBT has become the primary non-tariff barrier to prevent China's export products from entering the EU market. At present, almost all China's export products are restricted by the European Union in technical regulations and norms, packaging and labeling requirements, inspection and quarantine regulations, environmental protection and so on. And the actual and potential impact on China's exports exceeds 70 billion US dollars, accounting for more than 25% of the total annual exports.

2. Discriminatory anti-dumping policy. The EU is the first region to initiate anti-dumping against China, and it is also the country with the largest number of foreign anti-dumping lawsuits against China. By the end of 2003, the EU initiated 98 anti-dumping complaints against China products. In 2004, this trend has been increasing, and the number of cases submitted each year has increased to 9. The products involved include manual forklifts, cast iron manhole covers, barium carbonate, polyester long fiber fabrics, trichloroisocyanuric acid, magnesium bricks, stainless steel fasteners, granular polytetrafluoroethylene resin, tartaric acid and so on. These products are important products exported by China to the EU. It is estimated that the ongoing anti-dumping investigations and measures in the EU have affected about 10% of China's exports to the EU, and many commodities have been forced to withdraw from the EU market.

3. Quota restrictions. The EU's quota restrictions on China's export products are mainly textile trade quotas. From 1 99565438+1 October1,textile quotas were gradually abolished all over the world, and by the end of 2005, the textile quota system that lasted for decades ended. This has greatly promoted China's textile exports to the EU, and the export volume has greatly increased. However, in order to protect the domestic textile industry, on April 8, 2005, EU Trade Commissioner Mandelson urged China to restrict textile exports independently. On April 24th, the European Commission announced an investigation on nine kinds of China textiles. On June 10, 2005, after 10 hours of marathon negotiations, China and the EU reached an agreement on textile exports, stipulating that the annual growth rate of China's textiles exported to Europe 10 from 2005 to 2007 would be 8%~ 12.5%, and the EU suspended its investigation on China's textiles. Since July 65438, an agreement has been reached. However, less than two weeks after the above agreement came into effect, China's pullover export has reached the quota, which shows that China's textile export to the EU far exceeds the annual quota.

4. Cancel the GSP treatment. Starting from 1995, the EU gradually reduced the GSP treatment for China products in two stages (1995- 1998 and 1998-2004). On the basis of the original preferential arrangement, the preferential range of some products decreased by 50% from 1 1 in 2003, and all preferential arrangements were cancelled from 1 in May 2004. This means that a large number of China products will enter the EU market with substantially increased tariffs, which will definitely affect the competitiveness of China products in the EU market, thus affecting the development of China's multi-EU export trade. Third, policy suggestions to promote the development of China's export trade to the EU.

1. Implement the strategy of upgrading the export commodity structure. Most of China's exports to the EU belong to middle and low-grade goods, which can't meet the demand of the EU's high-consumption market. Therefore, China must seize the opportunity to implement the strategy of upgrading the export commodity structure. This includes two aspects: first, efforts should be made to cultivate the export of high-tech products with strong competitiveness; The second is to upgrade the technical grade and quality level of traditional export products with high-tech transformation, improve their added value, especially the technical level of processing trade, and enhance its driving role in structural optimization.

2. Accelerate the establishment of China's Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) system in line with world norms. China needs to strengthen scientific and technological research, especially the formulation of product technical standards and quality standards, improve the certification system, and accelerate the establishment of China's technical barriers to trade system in line with world norms. On the one hand, the government should organize special manpower to study the technical barrier system of foreign trade and seek countermeasures to break the restrictive measures of foreign technical barriers according to the characteristics of markets and products; On the other hand, the government should actively guide and support scientific research departments to strengthen the formulation of technical standards, especially the study of important technical standards, strengthen the formulation of regulatory standards, and incorporate technical norms into laws and regulations.

3. Establish an early warning mechanism for foreign trade enterprises. The state should set up a special technical barriers to trade information collection and consultation institution to study the technical standards, technical policies, relevant laws and regulations, standard structure and content of the EU, pay close attention to the latest development of the EU TBT, and issue early warning information in time, so that export enterprises to Europe can make preparations in advance and avoid being caught off guard when a standard is formally promulgated.

4. Strengthen consultation with the EU and strive for market economy status. China should realize the transformation of its economic status as soon as possible, speed up the full integration of its economic and trade system with the international community, and at the same time further seize the favorable opportunity of China's accession to the WTO, make full use of the WTO forum, and take advantage of the good development momentum of China-EU relations to strive for further negotiations with the EU, so as to urge it to amend its existing legislation as soon as possible, recognize China's overall market economy status as soon as possible, or ask it to lower the standard of "market economy status".

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