Situation and policy: a paper on employment-an exploration of employment guidance for college students.
Abstract: With the increasing number of college graduates in China, the employment of college students is facing new challenges and pressures. Under the background of China's economic and social development, colleges and universities should pay attention to the employment of college students, determine the talent training objectives according to market demand, adjust the talent training plan, improve the employment guidance management mechanism and working mechanism, and help students improve their employment success rate through various channels.
Keywords: college students' employment training mode, employment guidance
The current international financial crisis has adversely affected the economies of various countries and the employment of university graduates. How to promote the employment of college students has become a difficult problem that all countries in the world pay attention to. With the increasing number of college graduates in China, the employment of college students is facing new challenges and pressures. Exploring the new mode of talent training in colleges and universities and opening up new ways of employment guidance will help to improve the employment rate of college graduates.
First, the status quo of college students' employment and analysis of the reasons
The current employment situation of college students: the supply of college students exceeds demand; There is a structural contradiction between supply and demand; There are great regional differences in employment; The employment satisfaction rate is low.
The enrollment rate of college students in China is only close to the world average, which is not high. In the long run, college students should have no difficulty in finding jobs. However, because the growth rate of college students exceeds the speed of economic development and the digestive ability of current social and economic development, it is difficult for college students to find a job in a short time. At present, some national systems and mechanisms also hinder the employment of college students to some extent. For example, employment units in different economic sectors have great differences in identity and wages. College students go to state-owned enterprises and institutions for employment, and their wages are relatively high. Cadre status? , enjoy housing, medical care, unemployment insurance and other social security; In non-state-owned economic sectors, especially private enterprises and self-employed, not only their income is low, but also their identity and files are uncertain and there is no stable social security. In addition, China also implements household registration management? Agriculture? With what? Non-agricultural? With two different management systems, the inequality between urban and rural areas in employment, old-age care, medical insurance and subsistence allowances is widespread, and urban welfare is generally much better than rural areas. As a result, college students are unwilling to work in private enterprises and self-employed, and are unwilling to work in rural areas.
The reasons for college students' employment difficulties mainly lie in the educational view of colleges and universities and the graduates' own view of job choice. At present, the specialty setting of higher education in China lags behind the market demand, and the direction of social demand is not well considered when setting majors and offering courses, resulting in the output of professional talents is not proportional to the post demand. Some majors have many graduates, but the social demand is saturated, while some employers urgently need few graduates of related majors. In addition, the employment guidance in colleges and universities in China started late and has not yet formed a perfect system. Employment theory is divorced from practice and its effectiveness is not high. From the individual level, the reason why college students are difficult to find jobs lies in their low quality. At present, employers very much hope that job seekers have work experience, innovative ability and high comprehensive quality. But many college graduates do not have the above three advantages. Some graduates pay attention to the comparison and ignore their personal conditions and abilities in job hunting, hoping to get a good position and high salary for the first time after graduation, but they don't have the comprehensive quality to match it, which leads to the failure of hope.
Second, strengthen the exploration and thinking of college students' employment guidance
University education is to prepare students for better qualifications and abilities in the future workplace. Under the background of China's economic and social development, China's colleges and universities should pay attention to the employment of college students, increase market research, set majors according to market demand, determine talent training objectives and adjust talent training programs. Improve the management mechanism and working mechanism of employment guidance, build a high-quality employment guidance team, and help students improve their employment success rate through various channels.
(A) to carry out the whole career guidance
Colleges and universities must implement the whole-course employment guidance that runs through ideological and political education according to the goal of talent training. It allows students to carry out vocational education as soon as they enter school and helps them understand the situation of the job market; In the second year, help students discover and understand their own characteristics, interests and specialties; In the third year, help students collect employer information, understand market demand, participate in social practice, and let students have a direct feeling about choosing a job; In the fourth year, guide students to train job-hunting skills and hold job market activities of various sizes. Strengthen employment psychological guidance, strengthen professional ethics and sense of responsibility, guide students to unify their personal goals and social responsibilities, and calmly move towards the professional society.
(B) career goal orientation
Holland, an American career guidance expert, believes that there are hundreds of different occupations in modern society, and it is often difficult to determine which one suits you best. Therefore, many occupations can be classified into a limited number of occupational groups, and then find the occupational groups that you are most interested in from these occupational groups and find the professional fields that suit you. He believes that people can be divided into six categories: realistic, exploratory, artistic, social, enterprise and conventional, and the occupational environment can also be divided into six categories with the same name. The matching of personality and professional environment is the basis of forming professional satisfaction and sense of accomplishment. According to this theory, colleges and universities can test students' personality types and give them career guidance, so as to help students find their own career interests and abilities, understand the matching relationship between their individual characteristics and career characteristics, and choose appropriate career goals according to their own conditions.
(C) to strengthen vocational skills training
Nowadays, all walks of life in society need a large number of professionals. In talent recruitment, enterprises pay more attention to the basic knowledge and professional skills acquired by students during their study at school, but the requirements for factors such as academic qualifications are not very strict. Therefore, colleges and universities must strengthen students' professional skills training, teach students according to their aptitude, and make the training more targeted and purposeful. Engineers, designers and project managers from large enterprises can be hired to teach students, analyze the development trend of various technologies and knowledge, and impart practical skills, so that the knowledge and technology learned by college students can be synchronized with the market and seamlessly meet the job requirements. Moreover, we can organize students to practice in enterprises through various channels, and then recommend internships to accumulate experience for future work.
(D) Focus on shaping the image of the workplace.
In order to improve the success rate of college graduates' first employment, the school employment guidance department must pay special attention to the cultivation of students' job-seeking skills. Attention should be paid to cultivating students from the perspectives of psychology, temperament, image, oral expression, interpersonal relationship and work responsibility, and shaping students according to the selection criteria of the employing department to ensure that they will leave a good impression when they meet the employing unit for the first time? First impression? And create more employment opportunities for them. We must strengthen the training of students' psychological quality, improve their ability to cope with setbacks, and eliminate the shrinking behavior and negative attitude in the process of job hunting. You can also train students' ability to take exams by simulating interviews. For example, we can take the form of mock exams for civil servants, teachers and various enterprises to cultivate students' ability to take various employment exams.
Employment guidance for college students is a systematic project, and the implementation of this project needs the cooperation of many parties. Colleges and universities must establish the concept of employment guidance for all staff, carry out all-round career education, guide students to establish a correct concept of choosing a job, choose a job from reality, and find a job with a positive attitude, so as to reflect the effect of higher education in promoting students' employment.
References:
[1] Wu Cizhen. The Theory and Practice of Employment Guidance in American Universities [J]. Journal of Anhui Education College, 2006, (1). 46860.68868686666
[2] Dou Ning. Enlightenment of employment guidance for foreign college students [J]. Journal of Liaoning University of Science and Technology, 2009,8+0.
[3] Wang Liyan. On the Employment Assistance System for Japanese College Students [J]. Journal of Culture, 20 10, (3).
[4] Liu, Zhi, Huang Wanshan, Zeng Shengbin. Analysis and countermeasures of current employment difficulties of college students [J]. China Higher Medical Education, 2007, (1 1).
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